Maven部署构件至远程仓库 .

我们知道，Maven仓库包括本地仓库和远程仓库，而远程仓库又包括中央仓库，私服，Jboss仓库和Java.net仓库等。

私服，即私有的仓库服务器，它不仅可以降低中央仓库负荷，节省外网带宽，还可以加速Maven构建，自己部署构件等，从而高效地使用Maven。对于私服，我们可以使用仓库管理软件来创建自己的私有仓库服务器。目前网上流行的仓库管理软件有Apache的Achiva，JFrog的Artifactory和Sonatype的Nexus。由于当前Nexus是最流行的仓库管理软件，因此，我们这里采用Nexus。

Nexus的安装很简单，只需从http://nexus.sonatype.org/downloads下载最新的版本即可。需要注意的是官网向我们提供了两种安装方式，一种是自带Web容器（Jetty)的Bundle包，另外一种是war包。（可以直接部署到Tomcat等Web容器中)

假设下载的是Bundle包，解压到指定目录后(笔者的目录是E:\sonatype-nexus)，进入目录E:\sonatype-nexus\nexus-2.4.0-09-bundle\nexus-2.4.0-09\bin\jsw\windows-x86-32\，找到脚本文件console-nexus.bat，打开并运行。如果没有出现错误，打开浏览器输入http://localhost:8081/nexus/index.html#welcome，可以看到nexus的欢迎界面:

默认情况下是匿名登录该网站，只能享受浏览，搜索等功能。如果想拥有更多控制能力，可以点击右上角的Login in进行登录，Nexus内置了一个管理员账户，用户名是admin，密码是admin123。

下面开始创建自己的宿主仓库，目的是为了将自己编写的构件部署到该仓库中，供组织其它成员下载。

用管理员账户登录之后，在左边导航栏框中找到Repositories，点击后，在右框中选择Add按钮，弹出的菜单中选择Hosted Repository，表示添加宿主仓库。

在新建宿主仓库表中，填写仓库的ID，Name以及仓库策略（release表示发布版构件，snapshot表示快照版构件)，比如：

点击save按钮，完成策略为Release的宿主仓库创建。

同理，创建策略为Snapshot的宿主仓库。

至此，我们的宿主仓库（包括发布版和快照版）就完成了。

接下来，需要添加权限(Privileges)

在左边导航栏的Security中找到Privileges，点击后，在右框中点击Add按钮，选择Repository Target Privilleges

按如图所示添加发布版和快照版。

接下来创建具有相应权限的角色(Role)

最后创建用户。

这里需要注意的是，User ID就是远程仓库的username，password就是远程仓库的password。

至此，宿主仓库就算完成了。

因为远程仓库需要安全认证，所以需要在settings.xml中进行配置。

打开settings.xml，在settings根标签下添加如下内容：

<server>
    <id>pro-snapshot</id>
    <username>foo</username>
    <password>123456</password>
</server>

<server>
    <id>pro-release</id>
    <username>foo</username>
    <password>123456</password>
</server>

	<server>
		<id>pro-snapshot</id>
		<username>foo</username>
		<password>123456</password>
	</server>
	
	<server>
		<id>pro-release</id>
		<username>foo</username>
		<password>123456</password>
	</server>

这里的用户名和密码对应之前创建的user的userId和password。即foo和123456。另外，id元素对应pom.xml中distributionManagement里的id元素。之后会给出相应的代码。

安全认证配置好后，接下来打开你要部署的maven项目的pom.xml，在project元素下添加如下内容：

 <distributionManagement>
<repository>
    <id>pro-release</id>
    <name>Proj Release Repository</name>
    <url>http://localhost:8081/nexus/content/repositories/RestBus-Releases</url>
</repository>

<snapshotRepository>
    <id>pro-snapshot</id>
    <name>Proj Snapshot Repository</name>
    <url>http://localhost:8081/nexus/content/repositories/RestBus-Snapshots</url>
</snapshotRepository>
 </distributionManagement>

  <distributionManagement>
	<repository>
		<id>pro-release</id>
		<name>Proj Release Repository</name>
		<url>http://localhost:8081/nexus/content/repositories/RestBus-Releases</url>
	</repository>
	
	<snapshotRepository>
		<id>pro-snapshot</id>
		<name>Proj Snapshot Repository</name>
		<url>http://localhost:8081/nexus/content/repositories/RestBus-Snapshots</url>
	</snapshotRepository>
  </distributionManagement>

这里在distributionManagement元素下添加了发布版仓库和快照版仓库，它们的id对应之前在settings.xml中server的id。url为仓库地址，该url可以在nexus的repositories中找到：

最后一步，打开命令提示符窗口，定位到maven根目录下（和pom.xml同目录)，执行maven命令:

mvn clean deploy

如果配置没有错误，会出现以下类似打印信息：

[INFO] Scanning for projects...
[INFO]
[INFO] ------------------------------------------------------------------------
[INFO] Building bus-location 1.0
[INFO] ------------------------------------------------------------------------
[INFO]
[INFO] --- maven-clean-plugin:2.4.1:clean (default-clean) @ bus-location ---
[INFO] Deleting G:\bus-location\target
[INFO]
[INFO] --- maven-resources-plugin:2.5:resources (default-resources) @ bus-location ---
[debug] execute contextualize
[INFO] Using 'UTF-8' encoding to copy filtered resources.
[INFO] skip non existing resourceDirectory G:\bus-location\src\main\resources
[INFO]
[INFO] --- maven-compiler-plugin:2.3.2:compile (default-compile) @ bus-location ---
[INFO] Compiling 1 source file to G:\bus-location\target\classes
[INFO]
[INFO] --- maven-resources-plugin:2.5:testResources (default-testResources) @ bus-location ---
[debug] execute contextualize
[INFO] Using 'UTF-8' encoding to copy filtered resources.
[INFO] skip non existing resourceDirectory G:\bus-location\src\test\resources
[INFO]
[INFO] --- maven-compiler-plugin:2.3.2:testCompile (default-testCompile) @ bus-location ---
[INFO] Compiling 1 source file to G:\bus-location\target\test-classes
[INFO]
[INFO] --- maven-surefire-plugin:2.10:test (default-test) @ bus-location ---
[INFO] Surefire report directory: G:\bus-location\target\surefire-reports

-------------------------------------------------------
 T E S T S
-------------------------------------------------------
Running zjut.edu.soft.bus.AppTest
Tests run: 1, Failures: 0, Errors: 0, Skipped: 0, Time elapsed: 0.016 sec

Results :

Tests run: 1, Failures: 0, Errors: 0, Skipped: 0

[INFO]
[INFO] --- maven-jar-plugin:2.3.2:jar (default-jar) @ bus-location ---
[INFO] Building jar: G:\bus-location\target\bus-location-1.0.jar
[INFO]
[INFO] --- maven-install-plugin:2.3.1:install (default-install) @ bus-location ---
[INFO] Installing G:\bus-location\target\bus-location-1.0.jar to C:\Users\tsw\.m2\repository\zjut\edu\soft\bus\bus-location\1.0\bus-location-1.0.jar
[INFO] Installing G:\bus-location\pom.xml to C:\Users\tsw\.m2\repository\zjut\edu\soft\bus\bus-location\1.0\bus-location-1.0.pom
[INFO]
[INFO] --- maven-deploy-plugin:2.7:deploy (default-deploy) @ bus-location ---
Uploading: http://localhost:8081/nexus/content/repositories/RestBus-Releases/zjut/edu/soft/bus/bus-location/1.0/bus-location-1.0.jar
2/3 KB
3/3 KB

Uploaded: http://localhost:8081/nexus/content/repositories/RestBus-Releases/zjut/edu/soft/bus/bus-location/1.0/bus-location-1.0.jar (3 KB at 7.3 KB/sec)
Uploading: http://localhost:8081/nexus/content/repositories/RestBus-Releases/zjut/edu/soft/bus/bus-location/1.0/bus-location-1.0.pom
2/2 KB

Uploaded: http://localhost:8081/nexus/content/repositories/RestBus-Releases/zjut/edu/soft/bus/bus-location/1.0/bus-location-1.0.pom (2 KB at 10.1 KB/sec)
Downloading: http://localhost:8081/nexus/content/repositories/RestBus-Releases/zjut/edu/soft/bus/bus-location/maven-metadata.xml

Uploading: http://localhost:8081/nexus/content/repositories/RestBus-Releases/zjut/edu/soft/bus/bus-location/maven-metadata.xml
305/305 B

Uploaded: http://localhost:8081/nexus/content/repositories/RestBus-Releases/zjut/edu/soft/bus/bus-location/maven-metadata.xml (305 B at 3.1 KB/sec)
[INFO] ------------------------------------------------------------------------
[INFO] BUILD SUCCESS
[INFO] ------------------------------------------------------------------------
[INFO] Total time: 4.762s
[INFO] Finished at: Wed May 22 13:23:16 CST 2013
[INFO] Final Memory: 14M/33M
[INFO] ------------------------------------------------------------------------

[INFO] Scanning for projects...
[INFO]                                                                         
[INFO] ------------------------------------------------------------------------
[INFO] Building bus-location 1.0
[INFO] ------------------------------------------------------------------------
[INFO] 
[INFO] --- maven-clean-plugin:2.4.1:clean (default-clean) @ bus-location ---
[INFO] Deleting G:\bus-location\target
[INFO] 
[INFO] --- maven-resources-plugin:2.5:resources (default-resources) @ bus-location ---
[debug] execute contextualize
[INFO] Using 'UTF-8' encoding to copy filtered resources.
[INFO] skip non existing resourceDirectory G:\bus-location\src\main\resources
[INFO] 
[INFO] --- maven-compiler-plugin:2.3.2:compile (default-compile) @ bus-location ---
[INFO] Compiling 1 source file to G:\bus-location\target\classes
[INFO] 
[INFO] --- maven-resources-plugin:2.5:testResources (default-testResources) @ bus-location ---
[debug] execute contextualize
[INFO] Using 'UTF-8' encoding to copy filtered resources.
[INFO] skip non existing resourceDirectory G:\bus-location\src\test\resources
[INFO] 
[INFO] --- maven-compiler-plugin:2.3.2:testCompile (default-testCompile) @ bus-location ---
[INFO] Compiling 1 source file to G:\bus-location\target\test-classes
[INFO] 
[INFO] --- maven-surefire-plugin:2.10:test (default-test) @ bus-location ---
[INFO] Surefire report directory: G:\bus-location\target\surefire-reports

-------------------------------------------------------
 T E S T S
-------------------------------------------------------
Running zjut.edu.soft.bus.AppTest
Tests run: 1, Failures: 0, Errors: 0, Skipped: 0, Time elapsed: 0.016 sec

Results :

Tests run: 1, Failures: 0, Errors: 0, Skipped: 0

[INFO] 
[INFO] --- maven-jar-plugin:2.3.2:jar (default-jar) @ bus-location ---
[INFO] Building jar: G:\bus-location\target\bus-location-1.0.jar
[INFO] 
[INFO] --- maven-install-plugin:2.3.1:install (default-install) @ bus-location ---
[INFO] Installing G:\bus-location\target\bus-location-1.0.jar to C:\Users\tsw\.m2\repository\zjut\edu\soft\bus\bus-location\1.0\bus-location-1.0.jar
[INFO] Installing G:\bus-location\pom.xml to C:\Users\tsw\.m2\repository\zjut\edu\soft\bus\bus-location\1.0\bus-location-1.0.pom
[INFO] 
[INFO] --- maven-deploy-plugin:2.7:deploy (default-deploy) @ bus-location ---
Uploading: http://localhost:8081/nexus/content/repositories/RestBus-Releases/zjut/edu/soft/bus/bus-location/1.0/bus-location-1.0.jar
2/3 KB   
3/3 KB   
         
Uploaded: http://localhost:8081/nexus/content/repositories/RestBus-Releases/zjut/edu/soft/bus/bus-location/1.0/bus-location-1.0.jar (3 KB at 7.3 KB/sec)
Uploading: http://localhost:8081/nexus/content/repositories/RestBus-Releases/zjut/edu/soft/bus/bus-location/1.0/bus-location-1.0.pom
2/2 KB   
         
Uploaded: http://localhost:8081/nexus/content/repositories/RestBus-Releases/zjut/edu/soft/bus/bus-location/1.0/bus-location-1.0.pom (2 KB at 10.1 KB/sec)
Downloading: http://localhost:8081/nexus/content/repositories/RestBus-Releases/zjut/edu/soft/bus/bus-location/maven-metadata.xml
         
Uploading: http://localhost:8081/nexus/content/repositories/RestBus-Releases/zjut/edu/soft/bus/bus-location/maven-metadata.xml
305/305 B   
            
Uploaded: http://localhost:8081/nexus/content/repositories/RestBus-Releases/zjut/edu/soft/bus/bus-location/maven-metadata.xml (305 B at 3.1 KB/sec)
[INFO] ------------------------------------------------------------------------
[INFO] BUILD SUCCESS
[INFO] ------------------------------------------------------------------------
[INFO] Total time: 4.762s
[INFO] Finished at: Wed May 22 13:23:16 CST 2013
[INFO] Final Memory: 14M/33M
[INFO] ------------------------------------------------------------------------

进入http://localhost:8081/nexus网页，在RestBus-Releases(因为在pom.xml中，version是1.0，不是快照版）中，可以找到刚刚部署上去的构件bus-location-1.0.jar

当然，也可以在网页上进行手工部署。