FastDFS之集群部署

FastDFS是一个开源的轻量级分布式文件系统，由跟踪服务器（tracker server）、存储服务器（storage server）和客户端（client）三个部分组成，主要解决了海量数据存储问题，特别适合以中小文件（建议范围：4KB < file_size <500MB）为载体的在线服务。在生成环境FastDFS一般都是用集群配置，以提高FastDFS的可用性，并发能力。

部署架构：

环境IP地址(关闭所有环境的防火墙)：

Tracker 192.168.18.178

Group 1：

  S1：192.168.110.71

  S2：192.168.110.91

Group 2：

  S3：192.168.100.90

  S4：192.168.100.194

注：Tracker可以部署多台，提供负载，这里资源有限，就部署一台。

由于需要安装nginx，每台机器都安装依赖：

yum -y install  zlib pcre pcre-devel zlib-devel

所用的安装软件下载：http://download.csdn.net/detail/tianwei7518/8745279

一、安装tracker

1.安装依赖libfastcommon

unzip libfastcommon-master.zip

cd libfastcommon

./make.sh 
./make.sh  install

2.安装FastDFS

unzip fastdfs.zip

cd fastdfs

./make.sh 

./make.sh install

默认安装目录：/usr/bin

将原安装文件夹下的配置文件复制到/etc/fdfs目下：cp ./conf/*  /etc/fdfs/

3.配置

编辑配置文件目录下的tracker.conf
一般只需改动以下几个参数即可：
disabled=false            #启用配置文件
port=22122                #设置tracker的端口号
base_path=/home/fastdfs   #设置tracker的数据文件和日志目录（需预先创建）
http.server_port=8080     #设置http端口号
4.启动
/usr/bin/fdfs_trackerd /etc/fdfs/tracker.conf start

二、安装tracker代理nginx

在tracker上安装的nginx主要为了提供http访问的反向代理、负载均衡以及缓存服务。

1.安装nginx

tar -zxvf nginx-1.8.0.tar.gz 
tar -zxvf ngx_cache_purge-2.3.tar.gz 
cd nginx-1.8.0
./configure --prefix=/usr/local/nginx --add-module=/root/ngx_cache_purge-2.3

make 
make install

如果提示错误，可能缺少依赖的软件包，需先安装依赖包，再次运行./configure
nginx以及nginx cache purge插件模块安装完成，安装目录/usr/local/nginx

2.配置nginx

user  root;
worker_processes  1;

#error_log  logs/error.log;
#error_log  logs/error.log  notice;
error_log  logs/error.log  info;

#pid        logs/nginx.pid;


events {
    worker_connections  1024;
}


http {
    include       mime.types;
    default_type  application/octet-stream;
    #设置缓存参数
    server_names_hash_bucket_size 128;
    client_header_buffer_size 32k;
    large_client_header_buffers 4 32k;
    client_max_body_size 300m;
    sendfile        on;
    tcp_nopush     on;
    proxy_redirect off;
    proxy_set_header Host $http_host;
    proxy_set_header X-Real-IP $remote_addr;
    proxy_set_header X-Forwarded-For $proxy_add_x_forwarded_for;
    proxy_connect_timeout 90;
    proxy_send_timeout 90;
    proxy_read_timeout 90;
    proxy_buffer_size 16k;
    proxy_buffers 4 64k;
    proxy_busy_buffers_size 128k;
    proxy_temp_file_write_size 128k;
    #设置缓存存储路径、存储方式、分配内存大小、磁盘最大空间、缓存期限
    proxy_cache_path /var/cache/nginx/proxy_cache levels=1:2 keys_zone=http-cache:500m max_size=10g inactive=30d;
    
    proxy_temp_path /var/cache/nginx/proxy_cache/tmp;

    keepalive_timeout  65;

    #设置group服务器
    upstream fdfs_group1 {
        server 192.168.110.71:8090 weight=1 max_fails=2 fail_timeout=30s;
        server 192.168.110.91:8090 weight=1 max_fails=2 fail_timeout=30s;
    }
    upstream fdfs_group2 {
        server 192.168.100.90:8090 weight=1 max_fails=2 fail_timeout=30s;
        server 192.168.100.194:8090 weight=1 max_fails=2 fail_timeout=30s;
    }

    server {
        listen       80;
        server_name  localhost;
        charset utf-8;
        #access_log  /usr/local/nginx/logs/localhost.access.log  main;

        location /group1/M00 {
                proxy_next_upstream http_502 http_504 error timeout invalid_header;
                proxy_cache http-cache;
                proxy_cache_valid  200 304 12h;
                proxy_cache_key $uri$is_args$args;
                proxy_pass http://fdfs_group1;
                expires 30d;
        }
        location /group2/M00 {
                proxy_next_upstream http_502 http_504 error timeout invalid_header;
                proxy_cache http-cache;
                proxy_cache_valid  200 304 12h;
                proxy_cache_key $uri$is_args$args;
                proxy_pass http://fdfs_group2;
                expires 30d;
        }
        #设置清除缓存的访问权限
        location ~ /purge(/.*) {
                allow 127.0.0.1;
                allow 172.16.1.0/24;
                deny all;
                proxy_cache_purge http-cache  $1$is_args$args;
        }
    }

}

创建缓存目录：/var/cache/nginx/proxy_cache/tmp

3.启动

/usr/local/nginx/sbin/nginx 

三、安装storage
1.安装

参考安装tracker前2步骤。

2.配置

编辑配置文件目录下的storage.conf

只需改动以下几个参数即可：

disabled=false     #启用配置文件

group_name=group1 #组名，根据实际情况修改

port=23000 #设置storage的端口号

base_path=/home/fastdfs #设置storage的日志目录（需预先创建）

store_path_count=1 #存储路径个数，需要和store_path个数匹配

store_path0=/home/fastdfs#存储路径

tracker_server=192.168.17.43:22122#tracker服务器的IP地址和端口号

http.server_port=8080   #设置http端口号

创建目录mkdir /home/fastdfs

3.运行

/usr/bin/fdfs_storaged /etc/fdfs/storage.conf start

另外：

分别在其他机器上全部安装storage并确认运行正常。注意配置文件中group名参数需要根据实际情况调整：
group1：192.168.110.71，192.168.110.91
group2：192.168.100.90，192.168.100.194
另外每个group中所有storage的端口号必须一致。

四、在storage上安装nginx
在storage上安装的nginx主要为了提供http的访问服务，同时解决group中storage服务器的同步延迟问题。
1.解压fastdfs-nginx-module插件
unzip  fastdfs-nginx-module.zip 
2.安装nginx
tar -zxvf nginx-1.8.0.tar.gz 
cd nginx-1.8.0
./configure --prefix=/usr/local/nginx --add-module=../fastdfs-nginx-module/src
make 
make install
安装目录：/usr/local/nginx

若安装报错：[emerg] 13513#0: eventfd() failed (38: Function not implemented)
原因是：编译时带了--with-file-aio模块，这个要linux 2.6.22以后内核才支持．服务器是2.6.18。也可以下载低版本的nginx版本
3.配置
1）配置FastDFS的nginx插件
将FastDFS的nginx插件模块的配置文件copy到FastDFS配置文件目录
fastdfs-nginx-module/src/mod_fastdfs.conf /etc/fdfs/
编辑/etc/fdfs配置文件目录下的mod_fastdfs.conf，设置storage信息并保存。
一般只需改动以下几个参数即可：
base_path=/home/fastdfs #保存日志目录
tracker_server=192.168.18.43:22122 #tracker服务器的IP地址以及端口号
storage_server_port=23000#storage服务器的端口号
group_name=group1#当前服务器的group名
url_have_group_name = true        #文件url中是否有group名
store_path_count=1                #存储路径个数，需要和store_path个数匹配
store_path0=/home/fastdfs         #存储路径
http.need_find_content_type=true#从文件扩展名查找文件类型（nginx时为true）
group_count = 2                   #设置组的个数
在末尾增加2个组的具体信息：
[group1]
group_name=group1
storage_server_port=23000
store_path_count=1
store_path0=/home/fastdfs

[group2]
group_name=group2
storage_server_port=23000
store_path_count=1
store_path0=/home/fastdfs
建立M00至存储目录的符号连接：
ln -s /home/fastdfs/data /home/fastdfs/data/M00
2）配置nginx
vi nginx.conf
user root; 


location ~/group[1-3]/M00 {
    root /home/fastdfs/data;
    ngx_fastdfs_module;
}
4.启动
/usr/local/nginx/sbin/nginx

另外：
分别在其他机器storage上全部安装nginx并确认运行正常。注意配置文件中group名参数需要根据实际情况调整：
group1：192.168.110.71，192.168.110.91
group2：192.168.100.90，192.168.100.194
另外nginx的端口号8090。

至此所有配置完毕。

四、测试

配置/etc/fdfs/client.conf

base_path=/home/fastdfs #日志存放路径

tracker_server=192.168.18.43:22122 #tracker服务器IP地址和端口号

http.tracker_server_port=8080   #tracker服务器的http端口号

通过fdfs_upload_file上传一个文件到FastDFS，程序会自动返回文件的URL，
#fdfs_upload_file /etc/fdfs/client.conf 40-15052PZK5.jpg 
group1/M00/00/00/wKhuR1Vmh_2ADmdfAAF1dmVtk4w934.jpg
然后使用浏览器访问，访问正常
http://192.168.18.43/group1/M00/00/00/wKhuR1Vmh_2ADmdfAAF1dmVtk4w934.jpg

注：可以使用fdfs_monitor查看tracker和所有group的运行情况

# fdfs_monitor /etc/fdfs/client.conf 
[2015-05-27 20:19:59] DEBUG - base_path=/home/fastdfs, connect_timeout=30, network_timeout=60, tracker_server_count=1, anti_steal_token=0, anti_steal_secret_key length=0, use_connection_pool=0, g_connection_pool_max_idle_time=3600s, use_storage_id=0, storage server id count: 0

server_count=1, server_index=0

tracker server is 192.168.18.43:22122

group count: 2

Group 1:
group name = group1
disk total space = 45438 MB
disk free space = 33920 MB
trunk free space = 0 MB
storage server count = 2
active server count = 2
storage server port = 23000
storage HTTP port = 8080
store path count = 1
subdir count per path = 256
current write server index = 1
current trunk file id = 0

        Storage 1:
                id = 192.168.110.71
                ip_addr = 192.168.110.71 (localhost)  ACTIVE
                http domain = 
                version = 5.06
                join time = 2015-05-27 01:37:04
                up time = 
                total storage = 95217 MB
                free storage = 47563 MB
                upload priority = 10
                store_path_count = 1
                subdir_count_per_path = 256
                storage_port = 23000
                storage_http_port = 8080
                current_write_path = 0
                source storage id = 
                if_trunk_server = 0
                connection.alloc_count = 256
                connection.current_count = 1
                connection.max_count = 2
                total_upload_count = 1
                success_upload_count = 1
                total_append_count = 0
                success_append_count = 0
                total_modify_count = 0
                success_modify_count = 0
                total_truncate_count = 0
                success_truncate_count = 0
                total_set_meta_count = 0
                success_set_meta_count = 0
                total_delete_count = 0
                success_delete_count = 0
                total_download_count = 0
                success_download_count = 0
                total_get_meta_count = 0
                success_get_meta_count = 0
                total_create_link_count = 0
                success_create_link_count = 0
                total_delete_link_count = 0
                success_delete_link_count = 0
                total_upload_bytes = 95606
                success_upload_bytes = 95606
                total_append_bytes = 0
                success_append_bytes = 0
                total_modify_bytes = 0
                success_modify_bytes = 0
                stotal_download_bytes = 0
                success_download_bytes = 0
                total_sync_in_bytes = 0
                success_sync_in_bytes = 0
                total_sync_out_bytes = 0
                success_sync_out_bytes = 0
                total_file_open_count = 1
                success_file_open_count = 1
                total_file_read_count = 0
                success_file_read_count = 0
                total_file_write_count = 1
                success_file_write_count = 1
                last_heart_beat_time = 2015-05-27 20:19:49
                last_source_update = 2015-05-27 20:14:04
                last_sync_update = 1969-12-31 16:00:00
                last_synced_timestamp = 1969-12-31 16:00:00 
        Storage 2:
                id = 192.168.110.91
                ip_addr = 192.168.110.91 (localhost)  ACTIVE
                http domain = 
                version = 5.06
                join time = 2015-05-27 19:35:36
                up time = 2015-05-27 19:35:36
                total storage = 45438 MB
                free storage = 33920 MB
                upload priority = 10
                store_path_count = 1
                subdir_count_per_path = 256
                storage_port = 23000
                storage_http_port = 8080
                current_write_path = 0
                source storage id = 192.168.110.71
                if_trunk_server = 0
                connection.alloc_count = 256
                connection.current_count = 1
                connection.max_count = 1
                total_upload_count = 0
                success_upload_count = 0
                total_append_count = 0
                success_append_count = 0
                total_modify_count = 0
                success_modify_count = 0
                total_truncate_count = 0
                success_truncate_count = 0
                total_set_meta_count = 0
                success_set_meta_count = 0
                total_delete_count = 0
                success_delete_count = 0
                total_download_count = 0
                success_download_count = 0
                total_get_meta_count = 0
                success_get_meta_count = 0
                total_create_link_count = 0
                success_create_link_count = 0
                total_delete_link_count = 0
                success_delete_link_count = 0
                total_upload_bytes = 0
                success_upload_bytes = 0
                total_append_bytes = 0
                success_append_bytes = 0
                total_modify_bytes = 0
                success_modify_bytes = 0
                stotal_download_bytes = 0
                success_download_bytes = 0
                total_sync_in_bytes = 95606
                success_sync_in_bytes = 95606
                total_sync_out_bytes = 0
                success_sync_out_bytes = 0
                total_file_open_count = 1
                success_file_open_count = 1
                total_file_read_count = 0
                success_file_read_count = 0
                total_file_write_count = 1
                success_file_write_count = 1
                last_heart_beat_time = 2015-05-27 20:19:51
                last_source_update = 1969-12-31 16:00:00
                last_sync_update = 2015-05-27 20:14:07
                last_synced_timestamp = 2015-05-27 20:14:05 (-1s delay)

Group 2:
group name = group2
disk total space = 9916 MB
disk free space = 7434 MB
trunk free space = 0 MB
storage server count = 2
active server count = 2
storage server port = 23000
storage HTTP port = 8080
store path count = 1
subdir count per path = 256
current write server index = 0
current trunk file id = 0

        Storage 1:
                id = 192.168.100.194
                ip_addr = 192.168.100.194 (localhost)  ACTIVE
                http domain = 
                version = 5.06
                join time = 2015-05-27 20:03:37
                up time = 2015-05-27 20:03:37
                total storage = 47368 MB
                free storage = 37371 MB
                upload priority = 10
                store_path_count = 1
                subdir_count_per_path = 256
                storage_port = 23000
                storage_http_port = 8080
                current_write_path = 0
                source storage id = 192.168.100.90
                if_trunk_server = 0
                connection.alloc_count = 256
                connection.current_count = 1
                connection.max_count = 1
                total_upload_count = 0
                success_upload_count = 0
                total_append_count = 0
                success_append_count = 0
                total_modify_count = 0
                success_modify_count = 0
                total_truncate_count = 0
                success_truncate_count = 0
                total_set_meta_count = 0
                success_set_meta_count = 0
                total_delete_count = 0
                success_delete_count = 0
                total_download_count = 0
                success_download_count = 0
                total_get_meta_count = 0
                success_get_meta_count = 0
                total_create_link_count = 0
                success_create_link_count = 0
                total_delete_link_count = 0
                success_delete_link_count = 0
                total_upload_bytes = 0
                success_upload_bytes = 0
                total_append_bytes = 0
                success_append_bytes = 0
                total_modify_bytes = 0
                success_modify_bytes = 0
                stotal_download_bytes = 0
                success_download_bytes = 0
                total_sync_in_bytes = 0
                success_sync_in_bytes = 0
                total_sync_out_bytes = 0
                success_sync_out_bytes = 0
                total_file_open_count = 0
                success_file_open_count = 0
                total_file_read_count = 0
                success_file_read_count = 0
                total_file_write_count = 0
                success_file_write_count = 0
                last_heart_beat_time = 2015-05-27 20:19:44
                last_source_update = 1969-12-31 16:00:00
                last_sync_update = 1969-12-31 16:00:00
                last_synced_timestamp = 1969-12-31 16:00:00 
        Storage 2:
                id = 192.168.100.90
                ip_addr = 192.168.100.90 (localhost)  ACTIVE
                http domain = 
                version = 5.06
                join time = 2015-05-27 19:50:27
                up time = 2015-05-27 19:50:27
                total storage = 9916 MB
                free storage = 7434 MB
                upload priority = 10
                store_path_count = 1
                subdir_count_per_path = 256
                storage_port = 23000
                storage_http_port = 8080
                current_write_path = 0
                source storage id = 
                if_trunk_server = 0
                connection.alloc_count = 256
                connection.current_count = 1
                connection.max_count = 1
                total_upload_count = 0
                success_upload_count = 0
                total_append_count = 0
                success_append_count = 0
                total_modify_count = 0
                success_modify_count = 0
                total_truncate_count = 0
                success_truncate_count = 0
                total_set_meta_count = 0
                success_set_meta_count = 0
                total_delete_count = 0
                success_delete_count = 0
                total_download_count = 0
                success_download_count = 0
                total_get_meta_count = 0
                success_get_meta_count = 0
                total_create_link_count = 0
                success_create_link_count = 0
                total_delete_link_count = 0
                success_delete_link_count = 0
                total_upload_bytes = 0
                success_upload_bytes = 0
                total_append_bytes = 0
                success_append_bytes = 0
                total_modify_bytes = 0
                success_modify_bytes = 0
                stotal_download_bytes = 0
                success_download_bytes = 0
                total_sync_in_bytes = 0
                success_sync_in_bytes = 0
                total_sync_out_bytes = 0
                success_sync_out_bytes = 0
                total_file_open_count = 0
                success_file_open_count = 0
                total_file_read_count = 0
                success_file_read_count = 0
                total_file_write_count = 0
                success_file_write_count = 0
                last_heart_beat_time = 2015-05-27 20:19:48
                last_source_update = 1969-12-31 16:00:00
                last_sync_update = 1969-12-31 16:00:00
                last_synced_timestamp = 1969-12-31 16:00:00 

参考：

1.fastdfs 5.01 + nginx + cache 集群安装配置手册
2.分布式文件系统fastdfs架构剖析及配置优化
3.FastDFS安装所需软件包