Linux查看程序、进程的依赖库的方法
作者：zhanhailiang 日期：2015-02-01
原文：How to check what libraries are used by a program or process on Linux
1. 利用ldd查看可执行程序的依赖库
[root@~]# ldd /usr/local/php/bin/php
linux-vdso.so.1 => (0x00007fff753f5000)
libcrypt.so.1 => /lib64/libcrypt.so.1 (0x00000031f4600000)
librt.so.1 => /lib64/librt.so.1 (0x000000311ee00000)
libmysqlclient.so.18 => /usr/local/mysql/lib/libmysqlclient.so.18 (0x00007f767b422000)
libmcrypt.so.4 => /usr/lib64/libmcrypt.so.4 (0x00007f767b1ef000)
libiconv.so.2 => /usr/local/lib/libiconv.so.2 (0x00007f767af0a000)
libcurl.so.4 => /usr/lib64/libcurl.so.4 (0x0000003519800000)
libm.so.6 => /lib64/libm.so.6 (0x00000031f2200000)
libdl.so.2 => /lib64/libdl.so.2 (0x00000031f1600000)
libnsl.so.1 => /lib64/libnsl.so.1 (0x00000031f3a00000)
libxml2.so.2 => /usr/lib64/libxml2.so.2 (0x00000031f8a00000)
libz.so.1 => /usr/local/lib/libz.so.1 (0x00007f767acf2000)
libssl.so.10 => /usr/lib64/libssl.so.10 (0x000000311c600000)
libcrypto.so.10 => /usr/lib64/libcrypto.so.10 (0x00000031f7600000)
libpthread.so.0 => /lib64/libpthread.so.0 (0x000000311ce00000)
libc.so.6 => /lib64/libc.so.6 (0x00000031f0e00000)
libresolv.so.2 => /lib64/libresolv.so.2 (0x00000031f3200000)
libfreebl3.so => /lib64/libfreebl3.so (0x00000031f4e00000)
/lib64/ld-linux-x86-64.so.2 (0x00000031f0a00000)
libidn.so.11 => /lib64/libidn.so.11 (0x00000031f7e00000)
libldap-2.4.so.2 => /lib64/libldap-2.4.so.2 (0x000000351c000000)
libgssapi_krb5.so.2 => /lib64/libgssapi_krb5.so.2 (0x000000311f200000)
libkrb5.so.3 => /lib64/libkrb5.so.3 (0x000000311e200000)
libk5crypto.so.3 => /lib64/libk5crypto.so.3 (0x00000031f7200000)
libcom_err.so.2 => /lib64/libcom_err.so.2 (0x000000311e600000)
libssl3.so => /usr/lib64/libssl3.so (0x000000351b800000)
libsmime3.so => /usr/lib64/libsmime3.so (0x000000351bc00000)
libnss3.so => /usr/lib64/libnss3.so (0x000000351a800000)
libnssutil3.so => /usr/lib64/libnssutil3.so (0x000000351a400000)
libplds4.so => /lib64/libplds4.so (0x000000351ac00000)
libplc4.so => /lib64/libplc4.so (0x000000351b400000)
libnspr4.so => /lib64/libnspr4.so (0x000000351b000000)
libssh2.so.1 => /usr/lib64/libssh2.so.1 (0x0000003519c00000)
liblber-2.4.so.2 => /lib64/liblber-2.4.so.2 (0x000000351a000000)
libsasl2.so.2 => /usr/lib64/libsasl2.so.2 (0x00000031f8200000)
libkrb5support.so.0 => /lib64/libkrb5support.so.0 (0x00000031f7a00000)
libkeyutils.so.1 => /lib64/libkeyutils.so.1 (0x00000031f6e00000)
libselinux.so.1 => /lib64/libselinux.so.1 (0x00000031f2600000)
注：ldd通过调用动态链接器来获取可执行程序的依赖库，但是并不推荐在未知的可执行程序上执行业ldd来获取其依赖库，因为部分版本的ldd会直接通过调用该可执行程序来获取其依赖库，这存在安全风险。
2. 利用pmap工具查询未知的可执行程序的依赖库
[root@~]# objdump -p /usr/local/php/bin/php |grep NEEDED
NEEDED libcrypt.so.1
NEEDED librt.so.1
NEEDED libmysqlclient.so.18
NEEDED libmcrypt.so.4
NEEDED libiconv.so.2
NEEDED libcurl.so.4
NEEDED libm.so.6
NEEDED libdl.so.2
NEEDED libnsl.so.1
NEEDED libxml2.so.2
NEEDED libz.so.1
NEEDED libssl.so.10
NEEDED libcrypto.so.10
NEEDED libpthread.so.0
NEEDED libc.so.6
NEEDED libresolv.so.2
3. 利用pmap查看正在运行时的进程的依赖库
利用pldd工具既可以获取进程的内存映射信息，也可以获取进程的依赖共享库信息：
[root@~/software/pldd]# ps -ef|grep php-fpm
root 26534 1 0 2014 ? 00:01:34 php-fpm: master process (/usr/local/php-5.3.29/etc/php-fpm.conf)
nobody 26535 26534 0 2014 ? 00:00:04 php-fpm: pool www
nobody 26536 26534 0 2014 ? 00:00:05 php-fpm: pool www
root 30510 30324 0 00:39 pts/0 00:00:00 grep php-fpm
[root@~/software/pldd]# pmap 26534 |head
26534: php-fpm: master process (/usr/local/php-5.3.29/etc/php-fpm.conf)
0000000000400000 10452K r-x-- /usr/local/php-5.3.29/sbin/php-fpm
0000000001035000 76K rw--- /usr/local/php-5.3.29/sbin/php-fpm
0000000001048000 104K rw--- [ anon ]
0000000002a65000 3448K rw--- [ anon ]
000000311c600000 388K r-x-- /usr/lib64/libssl.so.1.0.1e
000000311c661000 2048K ----- /usr/lib64/libssl.so.1.0.1e
000000311c861000 16K r---- /usr/lib64/libssl.so.1.0.1e
000000311c865000 28K rw--- /usr/lib64/libssl.so.1.0.1e
000000311ce00000 92K r-x-- /lib64/libpthread-2.12.so
注：本文依赖库指的是shared library dependencies。