用Gradle 构建你的android程序
android gradle 的插件终于把混淆代码的task集成进去了，加上最近，android studio 用的是gradle 来构建项目， 下定决心把android gralde 构建项目的用户指南全部看完， 让不会用gradle 的人也用gradle构建android项目，让打包（注意，打包和构建是两码事）多版本android不再痛苦。最后，题外话：珍惜生命，远离ant....
Gradle build android 历史
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Domain Specific Language (DSL) to describe and manipulate the build logic
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Build files are Groovy based and allow mixing of declarative elements through the DSL and using code to manipulate the DSL elements to provide custom logic.
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Built-in dependency management through Maven and/or Ivy.
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Very flexible. Allows using best practices but doesn’t force its own way of doing things.
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Plugins can expose their own DSL and their own API for build files to use.
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Good Tooling API allowing IDE integration
Gradle 基本概念
build.gradle 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 11 12 13 14 15 16 17 |
buildscript {
repositories {
mavenCentral()
}
dependencies {
classpath 'com.android.tools.build:gradle:0.4'
}
}
apply plugin: 'android'
android {
compileSdkVersion 17
}
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构建一个Gradle android项目
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利用adt 22导出 build.gradle.
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复制别人写好的build.gradle 文件.
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根据gradle 规则，手写android 的build.gradle 文件。
1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 11 12 13 14 15 16 17 18 19 20 21 22 23 24 25 26 27 28 29 30 31 32 33 34 35 36 37 38 39 |
buildscript {
repositories {
mavenCentral()
}
dependencies {
classpath 'com.android.tools.build:gradle:0.4'
}
}
apply plugin: 'android'
dependencies {
}
android {
compileSdkVersion 17
buildToolsVersion "17"
defaultConfig {
minSdkVersion 8
targetSdkVersion 17
}
sourceSets {
main {
manifest.srcFile 'AndroidManifest.xml'
java.srcDirs = ['src']
resources.srcDirs = ['src']
aidl.srcDirs = ['src']
renderscript.srcDirs = ['src']
res.srcDirs = ['res']
assets.srcDirs = ['assets']
}
instrumentTest.setRoot('tests')
}
}
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Gralde 打包参数详解
build.gradle 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 11 12 13 14 15 |
signingConfigs {
myConfig{
storeFile file("gradle.keystore")
storePassword "gradle"
keyAlias "gradle"
keyPassword "gradle"
}
}
buildTypes{
release {
signingConfig signingConfigs.myConfig
}
}
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gradle clean
gradle build
,这次在build/apk 你看到了多了一个[项目名]-release-unaligned， 从字面上面我就可以知道，这个只是没有进行zipAlign 优化的版本而已
。
而[项目名]-release 就是我们签名，并且zipAlign 的apk包了. ###打混淆包### 只需要在原来的基础上加上，完整的 proguad.gradle 代码
build.gradle
1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 |
buildTypes{
release {
signingConfig signingConfigs.myConfig
runProguard true
proguardFile 'proguard-android.txt'
}
}
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打多渠道包(Product Flavor)
build.gradle 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 |
productFlavors {
playstore {
packageName='com.youxiachai.androidgradle.playstore'
}
hiapk {
packageName='com.youxiachai.androidgradle.amazonappstore'
}
}
|
1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 11 12 13 14 15 16 17 18 19 20 21 |
sourceSets {
main {
manifest.srcFile 'AndroidManifest.xml'
java.srcDirs = ['src']
resources.srcDirs = ['src']
aidl.srcDirs = ['src']
renderscript.srcDirs = ['src']
res.srcDirs = ['res']
assets.srcDirs = ['assets']
}
hiapk {
manifest.srcFile 'hiapk/AndroidManifest.xml'
}
playstore {
manifest.srcFile 'hiapk/AndroidManifest.xml'
}
instrumentTest.setRoot('tests')
}
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gradle clean
,
gradle build
,省下的时间去喝杯咖啡，睡个觉什么的都好
。。。
###外部依赖### android gradle 对于外部jar 包的应用支持maven/ivy 管理的包，也支持指定具体文件，前面已经在上文说过
。
上面演示的完整 build.gradle gist 里面也有写
。
你需要加上如下代码即可：
build.gradle
1 2 3 |
dependencies {
compile files('libs/android-support-v4.jar')
}
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完整的Gradle Plugin User Guide 其中里面有个错误是
compile files('libs/android-support-v4.jar')不是compile file('libs/android-support-v4.jar')教程是基于android gradle0.3 ，在0.4中只是多了混淆打包，这块已经在文中补充了。 -
一个德国人写的Android-Gradle-Examples
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dependencies{}更多的介绍。 -
debug, release,这两种类型的默认配置如下：
Property name Default values for debug Default values for release / other debuggable true false jniDebugBuild false false renderscriptDebugBuild false false renderscriptOptimLevel 3 3 packageNameSuffix null null versionNameSuffix null null signingConfig android.signingConfigs.debug null zipAlign false true -
defaultConfig {} 配置参数列表
Property Name Default value in DSL object Default value versionCode -1 value from manifest if present versionName null value from manifest if present minSdkVersion -1 value from manifest if present targetSdkVersion -1 value from manifest if present packageName null value from manifest if present testPackageName null app package name + “.test” testInstrumentationRunner null android.test.InstrumentationTestRunner signingConfig null null runProguard false false proguardFile 'proguard-android.txt' or 'proguard-android-optimize.txt' 'proguard-android.txt' or 'proguard-android-optimize.txt' -
build 结构目录
tree1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 11 12 13 14 15 16 17 18 19 20 21 22 23 24 25 26 27 28 29 30 31 32 33 34 35 36 37 38 39 40 41 42 43 44 45 46 47 48 49 50 51 52 53 54 55 56 57 58 59 60 61 62 63 64 65 66 67 68 69 70 71 72 73 74 75 76 77 78 79 80 81 82 83 84 85 86 87 88 89 90
build/ ├── apk ├── assets │ ├── debug │ └── release ├── classes │ ├── debug │ │ └── com │ │ └── example │ │ └── gradle │ └── release │ └── com │ └── example │ └── gradle ├── dependency-cache │ ├── debug │ └── release ├── incremental │ ├── aidl │ │ ├── debug │ │ └── release │ ├── dex │ │ ├── debug │ │ └── release │ ├── mergeAssets │ │ ├── debug │ │ └── release │ └── mergeResources │ ├── debug │ └── release ├── libs ├── manifests │ ├── debug │ └── release ├── res │ ├── all │ │ ├── debug │ │ │ ├── drawable-hdpi │ │ │ ├── drawable-mdpi │ │ │ ├── drawable-xhdpi │ │ │ ├── drawable-xxhdpi │ │ │ ├── layout │ │ │ ├── menu │ │ │ ├── values │ │ │ ├── values-sw720dp-land │ │ │ ├── values-v11 │ │ │ └── values-v14 │ │ └── release │ │ ├── drawable-hdpi │ │ ├── drawable-mdpi │ │ ├── drawable-xhdpi │ │ ├── drawable-xxhdpi │ │ ├── layout │ │ ├── menu │ │ ├── values │ │ ├── values-sw720dp-land │ │ ├── values-v11 │ │ └── values-v14 │ └── rs │ ├── debug │ └── release ├── source │ ├── aidl │ │ ├── debug │ │ └── release │ ├── buildConfig │ │ ├── debug │ │ │ └── com │ │ │ └── example │ │ │ └── gradle │ │ └── release │ │ └── com │ │ └── example │ │ └── gradle │ ├── r │ │ ├── debug │ │ │ └── com │ │ │ └── example │ │ │ └── gradle │ │ └── release │ │ └── com │ │ └── example │ │ └── gradle │ └── rs │ ├── debug │ └── release └── symbols ├── debug └── release 88 directories