[置顶] centos6.7、centos6.5下yum方式搭建lnmp环境，php5.4/mysql5.5

由于电脑重装系统，之前虚拟机中的所有系统都打不开了，不得已又得从0开始安装。我下载的是centos6.5的镜像，在虚拟机中安装完以后，执行了一下yum update，系统升成了6.7的，但是对于lnmp环境的安装时没有影响的，6.5和6.7的安装方法是一样的。

一、安装php5.4

1.配置yum源

6.7和6.5中默认是没有php5.4版本的，所以我们需要先配置一下yum源。

执行命令： rpm -Uvh http://mirror.webtatic.com/yum/el6/latest.rpm

 [root@localhost yum.repos.d]# rpm -Uvh http://mirror.webtatic.com/yum/el6/latest.rpm
 Retrieving http://mirror.webtatic.com/yum/el6/latest.rpm
 warning: /var/tmp/rpm-tmp.qxPwK1: Header V4 DSA/SHA1 Signature, key ID cf4c4ff9: NOKEY
 Preparing...                ########################################### [100%]
    1:webtatic-release       ########################################### [100%]

2.安装php5.4

执行完以后查看yum search php54w，可以看到php5.4相关的模块。执行命令安装php5.4

 [root@localhost ~]# yum install php54w

安装完后，执行命令可以看到PHP版本信息

 [root@localhost ~]# php --version
 PHP 5.4.45 (cli) (built: Oct 16 2015 11:24:58)
 Copyright (c) 1997-2014 The PHP Group
 Zend Engine v2.4.0, Copyright (c) 1998-2014 Zend Technologies

3.安装php-fpm

 [root@localhost ~]# yum install php-fpm.x86_64
 Loaded plugins: fastestmirror, refresh-packagekit, security
 Setting up Install Process
 Loading mirror speeds from cached hostfile
 f * base: mirrors.btte.net
  * extras: mirrors.btte.net
  * updates: mirror.bit.edu.cn
  * webtatic: sp.repo.webtatic.com
 Resolving Dependencies
 --> Running transaction check
 ---> Package php-fpm.x86_64 0:5.3.3-46.el6_7.1 will be installed
 --> Processing Dependency: php-common(x86-64) = 5.3.3-46.el6_7.1 for package: php-fpm-5.3.3-46.el6_7.1.x86_64
 --> Running transaction check
 ---> Package php-common.x86_64 0:5.3.3-46.el6_7.1 will be installed
 --> Processing Conflict: php54w-common-5.4.45-2.w6.x86_64 conflicts php-common < 5.4.0
 --> Finished Dependency Resolution
 Error: php54w-common conflicts with php-common-5.3.3-46.el6_7.1.x86_64
  You could try using --skip-broken to work around the problem
  You could try running: rpm -Va --nofiles --nodigest

可以看到倒数第三行报了一个冲突，导致安装失败，冲突的原因是php-fpm包依赖5.3版本的php-common，但是我们安装php5.4的时候安装了5.4版本的php-common，所以造成php-common-5.3安装不上，解决这个冲突只要安装依赖php-common-5.4版本的php-fpm就OK

 [root@localhost ~]# yum search php54w | grep fpm
 php54w-fpm.x86_64 : PHP FastCGI Process Manager
 [root@localhost ~]# yum install php54w-fpm.x86_64
 Loaded plugins: fastestmirror, refresh-packagekit, security
 Setting up Install Process
 Loading mirror speeds from cached hostfile
  * base: mirrors.btte.net
  * extras: mirrors.btte.net
  * updates: mirror.bit.edu.cn
  * webtatic: sp.repo.webtatic.com
 Resolving Dependencies
 --> Running transaction check
 ---> Package php54w-fpm.x86_64 0:5.4.45-2.w6 will be installed
 --> Finished Dependency Resolution

 Dependencies Resolved

 ====================================================================================================================================================
  Package                             Arch                            Version                                Repository                         Size
 ====================================================================================================================================================
 Installing:
  php54w-fpm                          x86_64                          5.4.45-2.w6                            webtatic                          1.3 M

 Transaction Summary
 ====================================================================================================================================================
 Install       1 Package(s)

 Total download size: 1.3 M
 Installed size: 3.8 M
 Is this ok [y/N]: y
 Downloading Packages:
 php54w-fpm-5.4.45-2.w6.x86_64.rpm                                                                                            | 1.3 MB     00:13
 Running rpm_check_debug
 Running Transaction Test
 Transaction Test Succeeded
 Running Transaction
   Installing : php54w-fpm-5.4.45-2.w6.x86_64                                                                                                    1/1
   Verifying  : php54w-fpm-5.4.45-2.w6.x86_64                                                                                                    1/1

 Installed:
   php54w-fpm.x86_64 0:5.4.45-2.w6

 Complete!

测试php-fpm服务是否正常

 [root@localhost ~]# service php-fpm start
 Starting php-fpm:                                          [  OK  ]

一切顺利！至此php环境就安装完毕，接下来就安装nginx

如果出现“Fatal error: Call to undefined function mb_strlen()"错误
还需要安装php-mbstring

[root@iZ25fe2mpugZ ~]# yum search php54w| grep mbstring
php54w-mbstring.x86_64 : A module for PHP applications which need multi-byte
[root@iZ25fe2mpugZ ~]# yum install php54w-mbstring.x86_64

如果出现“ Unknown: open(/var/lib/php/session/sess_63u4vit4pii5gelmsq5inf3hd6, O_RDWR) failed: Permission denied”这样的错误，需要将session目录设置777权限。chmod -R 777 /var/lib/php/session

以此类推，出现“Class 'DOMDocument' not found”，表示xml扩展没有安装

yum search php54w | grep xml

yum install php54w-mbstring.x86_64

二.安装nginx
先看看我们都有哪些版本的Nginx

 [root@localhost ~]# yum search nginx
 Loaded plugins: fastestmirror, refresh-packagekit, security
 Loading mirror speeds from cached hostfile
  * base: mirrors.btte.net
  * extras: mirrors.btte.net
  * updates: mirror.bit.edu.cn
  * webtatic: uk.repo.webtatic.com
 ================================================================ N/S Matched: nginx ================================================================
 nginx16.x86_64 : A high performance web server and reverse proxy server
 nginx18.x86_64 : A high performance web server and reverse proxy server

   Name and summary matches only, use "search all" for everything.

我们选择安装18版本的。

安装的时候发现下载速度奇慢，最后也因为这个安装失败，所以我们现在先替换一下yum源。

 rpm -ivh http://nginx.org/packages/centos/6/noarch/RPMS/nginx-release-centos-6-0.el6.ngx.noarch.rpm

替换完以后再执行安装。这次下载速度快了很多，安装也很顺利。全部安装完以后，开启nginx服务

 [root@localhost yum.repos.d]# service nginx start
 Starting nginx:                                            [  OK  ]

关掉防火墙服务

 [root@localhost yum.repos.d]# service iptables stop
 iptables: Setting chains to policy ACCEPT: filter          [  OK  ]
 iptables: Flushing firewall rules:                         [  OK  ]
 iptables: Unloading modules:                               [  OK  ]

在浏览器中输入虚拟机的ip，当查看到到下图的时候表示Nginx已经安装成功。

三.修改nginx 配置，使其能够识别php脚本

默认安装完nginx以后，是没办法解析php脚本的，需要修改nginx的配置文件才行。

 [root@localhost html]# vim /etc/nginx/nginx.conf

1.添加index.php

2.打开FastCGI部分注释（FastCGI、Nginx、php-fpm、php都有哪些关系？稍后文章会详细介绍这一点）

将/scripts改为$document_root

保存退出，重启nginx服务。

进入/usr/share/nginx/html下写一个php脚本，然后测试看能不能打开

 [root@localhost html]# vim index.php

 <?php
 phpinfo();

保存退出，在浏览器中访问该文件，192.168.71.128/index.php（我的虚拟机IP是71.128），如果看到php信息页就表示已经配置成功。接下来就该配置mysql啦。

四.安装MySQL

安装mysql5.5相关的所有的包

 [root@localhost ~]# yum install mysql55*
 Loaded plugins: fastestmirror, refresh-packagekit, security
 Setting up Install Process
 Loading mirror speeds from cached hostfile
  * base: mirrors.btte.net
  * extras: mirrors.btte.net
  * updates: mirror.bit.edu.cn
  * webtatic: sp.repo.webtatic.com
 Resolving Dependencies
 --> Running transaction check
 ---> Package mysql55w.x86_64 0:5.5.49-1.w6 will be installed
 ---> Package mysql55w-bench.x86_64 0:5.5.49-1.w6 will be installed
 --> Processing Dependency: perl(GD) for package: mysql55w-bench-5.5.49-1.w6.x86_64
 --> Processing Dependency: perl(DBI) for package: mysql55w-bench-5.5.49-1.w6.x86_64
 ---> Package mysql55w-devel.x86_64 0:5.5.49-1.w6 will be installed
 --> Processing Dependency: openssl-devel for package: mysql55w-devel-5.5.49-1.w6.x86_64
 ---> Package mysql55w-embedded.x86_64 0:5.5.49-1.w6 will be installed
 ---> Package mysql55w-embedded-devel.x86_64 0:5.5.49-1.w6 will be installed
 ---> Package mysql55w-libs.x86_64 0:5.5.49-1.w6 will be installed
 --> Processing Dependency: libmysqlclient16 for package: mysql55w-libs-5.5.49-1.w6.x86_64
 ---> Package mysql55w-server.x86_64 0:5.5.49-1.w6 will be installed
 --> Processing Dependency: perl-DBD-MySQL for package: mysql55w-server-5.5.49-1.w6.x86_64
 ---> Package mysql55w-test.x86_64 0:5.5.49-1.w6 will be installed
 --> Processing Dependency: perl(Time::HiRes) for package: mysql55w-test-5.5.49-1.w6.x86_64
 --> Running transaction check
 ---> Package libmysqlclient16.x86_64 0:5.1.69-1.w6 will be installed
 ---> Package openssl-devel.x86_64 0:1.0.1e-42.el6_7.4 will be installed
 --> Processing Dependency: zlib-devel for package: openssl-devel-1.0.1e-42.el6_7.4.x86_64
 --> Processing Dependency: krb5-devel for package: openssl-devel-1.0.1e-42.el6_7.4.x86_64
 ---> Package perl-DBD-MySQL.x86_64 0:4.013-3.el6 will be installed
 ---> Package perl-DBI.x86_64 0:1.609-4.el6 will be installed
 ---> Package perl-GD.x86_64 0:2.44-3.el6 will be installed
 ---> Package perl-Time-HiRes.x86_64 4:1.9721-141.el6_7.1 will be installed
 --> Running transaction check
 ---> Package krb5-devel.x86_64 0:1.10.3-42z1.el6_7 will be installed
 --> Processing Dependency: libselinux-devel for package: krb5-devel-1.10.3-42z1.el6_7.x86_64
 --> Processing Dependency: libcom_err-devel for package: krb5-devel-1.10.3-42z1.el6_7.x86_64
 --> Processing Dependency: keyutils-libs-devel for package: krb5-devel-1.10.3-42z1.el6_7.x86_64
 ---> Package zlib-devel.x86_64 0:1.2.3-29.el6 will be installed
 --> Running transaction check
 ---> Package keyutils-libs-devel.x86_64 0:1.4-5.el6 will be installed
 ---> Package libcom_err-devel.x86_64 0:1.41.12-22.el6 will be installed
 ---> Package libselinux-devel.x86_64 0:2.0.94-5.8.el6 will be installed
 --> Processing Dependency: libsepol-devel >= 2.0.32-1 for package: libselinux-devel-2.0.94-5.8.el6.x86_64
 --> Processing Dependency: pkgconfig(libsepol) for package: libselinux-devel-2.0.94-5.8.el6.x86_64
 --> Running transaction check
 ---> Package libsepol-devel.x86_64 0:2.0.41-4.el6 will be installed
 --> Processing Conflict: mysql55w-libs-5.5.49-1.w6.x86_64 conflicts mysql-libs < 5.5
 --> Finished Dependency Resolution
 Error: mysql55w-libs conflicts with mysql-libs-5.1.73-5.el6_7.1.x86_64
  You could try using --skip-broken to work around the problem
  You could try running: rpm -Va --nofiles --nodigest

倒数第三行，又出现一个冲突，现在我们先卸载掉mysql-libs-5.1.73-5.el6_7.1.x86_64

 [root@localhost ~]# yum remove mysql-libs-5.1.73-5.el6_7.1.x86_64

卸载成功后，再次执行安装命令

 [root@localhost ~]# yum install mysql55*

安装完以后开启mysql服务，查看是否正常

 [root@localhost ~]# service mysqld start

启动成功后，我们需要给mysql的root用户分配登录密码

 [root@localhost ~]# mysqladmin -u root password 'newpassword'

设置完成后就可以登录mysql控制台了

 [root@localhost ~]# mysql -u root -p
 Enter password:
 Welcome to the MySQL monitor.  Commands end with ; or \g.
 Your MySQL connection id is 2
 Server version: 5.5.49 MySQL Community Server (GPL)

 Copyright (c) 2000, 2016, Oracle and/or its affiliates. All rights reserved.

 Oracle is a registered trademark of Oracle Corporation and/or its
 affiliates. Other names may be trademarks of their respective
 owners.

 Type 'help;' or '\h' for help. Type '\c' to clear the current input statement.

 mysql>

登录没问题，至此MySQL也就安装完毕了，接下来要做的就是让php能够连接上MySQL

五、安装php-mysql扩展

1.安装扩展

查看是否有安装php-mysql扩展

 [root@localhost ~]# php -i | grep mysql

命令结果返回空，说明没有安装，那么现在我们就需要安装这些扩展。搜索yum源，找到合适的扩展包

 [root@localhost ~]# yum search all php-mysql
 Loaded plugins: fastestmirror, refresh-packagekit, security
 Loading mirror speeds from cached hostfile
  * base: mirrors.btte.net
  * extras: mirrors.btte.net
  * updates: mirror.bit.edu.cn
  * webtatic: us-east.repo.webtatic.com
 ================================================================ Matched: php-mysql ================================================================
 php-mysql.x86_64 : A module for PHP applications that use MySQL databases
 php54w-mysqlnd.x86_64 : A module for PHP applications that use MySQL databases
 php55w-mysqlnd.x86_64 : A module for PHP applications that use MySQL databases
 php56w-mysqlnd.x86_64 : A module for PHP applications that use MySQL databases
 php70w-mysqlnd.x86_64 : A module for PHP applications that use MySQL databases

安装php54w-mysqlnd，因为我们php是php5.4版本的

 [root@localhost ~]# yum install -y php54w-mysqlnd.x86_64

安装完以后重启php-fpm，再次浏览192.168.71.128/index.php就可以看到mysql扩展啦。

下面就写个简单脚本测试一下php连接mysql的情况。

2.测试扩展
首先登录mysql控制台，在test中创建一张表，并写入几条数据

 mysql> create table person(
     -> id int not null primary key auto_increment,
     -> name char(5) not null
     -> )engine=innodb default charset=utf8;

 mysql> insert into person (name) values ('zhangsan'),('lisi'),('wangwu');

测试表准备好以后，开始写测试脚本

 [root@localhost ~]# cd /usr/share/nginx/html/
 [root@localhost html]# vim mysql.php

 <?php
 try{
         $pdo = new PDO('mysql:host=localhost;dbname=test','root','root');
         $res = $pdo->query('select * from person');
         foreach ($res as $row) {
                 echo '<pre>';print_r($row);
         }
 } catch (PDOException $e) {
         print "Error:".$e->getMessage()."<br/>";
         die;
 }

访问脚本192.168.71.128/mysql.php，如果看到下面内容，说明php-mysql扩展已经没有问题。

六、将lnmp加入开机启动项
经过上面五部的操作，我们的lnmp环境就已经成功搭建完成了，为了后续的使用，我们现在把php-fpm/nginx/mysql都加入到开机启动项中。

 [root@localhost html]# chkconfig php-fpm on
 [root@localhost html]# chkconfig nginx on
 [root@localhost html]# chkconfig mysqld on

注：如果重启机器后发现nginx访问不了了，请检查一下防火墙是不是打开了，因为centos默认防火墙是开机启动的。

至此，lnmp环境就彻底的搭建完成啦，尽情的享受coding吧~