android异步操作类AsyncTask的使用详解

android提供了一套专门用于异步处理的类。即:AynsTask类。使用这个类可以为耗时程序开辟一个新线程进行处理,处理完时返回。

AsyncTask的回调逻辑关系

 1.主线程调用AsynTask子类实例的execute()方法后,首先会调用onPreExecute()方法。onPreExecute()在主线程中运行,可以用来写一些开始提示代码。

 2.之后启动新线程,调用doInBackground()方法,进行异步数据处理。如果在doInBackground()方法异步处理的时候,如果希望通知主线程一些数据(如:处理进度)。这时,可以调用publishProgress()方法。这时,主线程会调用AsynTask子类的onProgressUpdate()方法进行处理。

 3.处理完毕之后异步线程结束,在主线程中调用onPostExecute()方法。onPostExecute()可以进行一些结束提示处理。

下面是一个实例:另开一个线程解析从网络上得到的数据(国家气象局的北京实时天气)

例子的目录结构:


com.asynctask.handler包:

/*===============异步操作类中方法的执行顺序===============*/
//1.生成该类的对象,调条用其execute()方法之后首先执行的是onPreExecute()方法
//2.其次执行 doInBackground(Params...)方法。如果在该方法中每次调用publishProgress(Progress...)方法,都会触发onProgressUpdata(Progress...)方法。
//3.最后执行onPostExecute(Result)方法。

public class MyAsyncTask extends
		AsyncTask<String, Integer, List<Map<String, String>>> {
	private TextView cityname = null;
	private TextView cityid = null;
	private TextView temp = null;
	private TextView weather = null;
	private TextView ptime = null;

	public MyAsyncTask(Context context, TextView cityname, TextView cityid,
			TextView temp, TextView weather, TextView ptime) {
		this.cityname = cityname;
		this.cityid = cityid;
		this.temp = temp;
		this.weather = weather;
		this.ptime = ptime;

	}

	// 此函数在另外一个线程中运行,不能操作UI线程中的控件
	protected List<Map<String, String>> doInBackground(String... params) {
		String path = "http://www.weather.com.cn/data/cityinfo/101010100.html";
		URL url = null;
		HttpURLConnection httpConnection = null;
		List<Map<String, String>> list = new ArrayList<Map<String, String>>();
		HashMap<String, String> map = null;
		//System.out.println("异步操作开始");
		try {
			url = new URL(path);
			httpConnection = (HttpURLConnection) url.openConnection();
			if (httpConnection.getResponseCode() == 200) {
				//System.out.println("网络已连接");
				// 流转换成为字符串
				InputStream inputStream = httpConnection.getInputStream();
				String strResult = "";
				byte[] b = new byte[1024];
				int i = 0;
				while ((i = inputStream.read(b)) != -1) {
					strResult += new String(b);
					b = new byte[1024];
				}

				// 开始解析JSON字符串
				JSONObject jsonObject = new JSONObject(strResult);
				JSONObject jsonObject1 = jsonObject
						.getJSONObject("weatherinfo");

				map = new HashMap<String, String>();
				String city = jsonObject1.getString("city");
				String cityid = jsonObject1.getString("cityid");
				String temp1 = jsonObject1.getString("temp1");
				String temp2 = jsonObject1.getString("temp2");
				String weather = jsonObject1.getString("weather");
				String img1 = jsonObject1.getString("img1");
				String img2 = jsonObject1.getString("img2");
				String ptime = jsonObject1.getString("ptime");

				map.put("city", city);
				map.put("cityid", cityid);
				map.put("temp1", temp1);
				map.put("temp2", temp2);
				map.put("weather", weather);
				map.put("img1", img1);
				map.put("img2", img2);
				map.put("ptime", ptime);
				list.add(map);

				/*
				// 测试
				System.out.println(city);
				System.out.println(cityid);
				System.out.println(temp1);
				System.out.println(temp2);
				System.out.println(weather);
				System.out.println(img1);
				System.out.println(img2);
				System.out.println(ptime);
				*/

			} 
		} catch (Exception e) {
			e.printStackTrace();

		}
		return list;
	}

	// 在doInBackground()方法执行结束之后才开始运行,并且运行在UI线程中,可以对UI线程中的控件进行操作
	protected void onPostExecute(List<Map<String, String>> list) {
		HashMap<String, String> map = new HashMap<String, String>();

		map = (HashMap<String, String>) list.get(0);
		// String city = map.get("city");
		// System.out.println(city);
		cityname.setText(map.get("city"));
		cityid.setText(map.get("cityid"));
		temp.setText(map.get("temp1") + "~" + map.get("temp2"));
		weather.setText(map.get("weather"));
		ptime.setText(map.get("ptime"));

	}

}

com.asynctask.activity包:

public class MainActivity extends Activity {
    
	private TextView cityname;
	private TextView cityid;
	private TextView temp;
	private TextView weather;
	private TextView ptime;
    @Override
    public void onCreate(Bundle savedInstanceState) {
        super.onCreate(savedInstanceState);
        setContentView(R.layout.main);
        
        cityname = (TextView) findViewById(R.id.cityname);
		cityid = (TextView) findViewById(R.id.cityid);
		temp = (TextView) findViewById(R.id.temp);
		weather = (TextView) findViewById(R.id.weather);
		ptime = (TextView) findViewById(R.id.ptime);

        
        MyAsyncTask mAsyncTask = new MyAsyncTask(this,cityname,cityid,temp,weather,ptime);
        mAsyncTask.execute();
    }
}

运行效果图:

android异步操作类AsyncTask的使用详解_第1张图片



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