android提供了一套专门用于异步处理的类。即:AynsTask类。使用这个类可以为耗时程序开辟一个新线程进行处理,处理完时返回。
AsyncTask的回调逻辑关系
1.主线程调用AsynTask子类实例的execute()方法后,首先会调用onPreExecute()方法。onPreExecute()在主线程中运行,可以用来写一些开始提示代码。
2.之后启动新线程,调用doInBackground()方法,进行异步数据处理。如果在doInBackground()方法异步处理的时候,如果希望通知主线程一些数据(如:处理进度)。这时,可以调用publishProgress()方法。这时,主线程会调用AsynTask子类的onProgressUpdate()方法进行处理。
3.处理完毕之后异步线程结束,在主线程中调用onPostExecute()方法。onPostExecute()可以进行一些结束提示处理。
下面是一个实例:另开一个线程解析从网络上得到的数据(国家气象局的北京实时天气)
例子的目录结构:
com.asynctask.handler包:
/*===============异步操作类中方法的执行顺序===============*/ //1.生成该类的对象,调条用其execute()方法之后首先执行的是onPreExecute()方法 //2.其次执行 doInBackground(Params...)方法。如果在该方法中每次调用publishProgress(Progress...)方法,都会触发onProgressUpdata(Progress...)方法。 //3.最后执行onPostExecute(Result)方法。 public class MyAsyncTask extends AsyncTask<String, Integer, List<Map<String, String>>> { private TextView cityname = null; private TextView cityid = null; private TextView temp = null; private TextView weather = null; private TextView ptime = null; public MyAsyncTask(Context context, TextView cityname, TextView cityid, TextView temp, TextView weather, TextView ptime) { this.cityname = cityname; this.cityid = cityid; this.temp = temp; this.weather = weather; this.ptime = ptime; } // 此函数在另外一个线程中运行,不能操作UI线程中的控件 protected List<Map<String, String>> doInBackground(String... params) { String path = "http://www.weather.com.cn/data/cityinfo/101010100.html"; URL url = null; HttpURLConnection httpConnection = null; List<Map<String, String>> list = new ArrayList<Map<String, String>>(); HashMap<String, String> map = null; //System.out.println("异步操作开始"); try { url = new URL(path); httpConnection = (HttpURLConnection) url.openConnection(); if (httpConnection.getResponseCode() == 200) { //System.out.println("网络已连接"); // 流转换成为字符串 InputStream inputStream = httpConnection.getInputStream(); String strResult = ""; byte[] b = new byte[1024]; int i = 0; while ((i = inputStream.read(b)) != -1) { strResult += new String(b); b = new byte[1024]; } // 开始解析JSON字符串 JSONObject jsonObject = new JSONObject(strResult); JSONObject jsonObject1 = jsonObject .getJSONObject("weatherinfo"); map = new HashMap<String, String>(); String city = jsonObject1.getString("city"); String cityid = jsonObject1.getString("cityid"); String temp1 = jsonObject1.getString("temp1"); String temp2 = jsonObject1.getString("temp2"); String weather = jsonObject1.getString("weather"); String img1 = jsonObject1.getString("img1"); String img2 = jsonObject1.getString("img2"); String ptime = jsonObject1.getString("ptime"); map.put("city", city); map.put("cityid", cityid); map.put("temp1", temp1); map.put("temp2", temp2); map.put("weather", weather); map.put("img1", img1); map.put("img2", img2); map.put("ptime", ptime); list.add(map); /* // 测试 System.out.println(city); System.out.println(cityid); System.out.println(temp1); System.out.println(temp2); System.out.println(weather); System.out.println(img1); System.out.println(img2); System.out.println(ptime); */ } } catch (Exception e) { e.printStackTrace(); } return list; } // 在doInBackground()方法执行结束之后才开始运行,并且运行在UI线程中,可以对UI线程中的控件进行操作 protected void onPostExecute(List<Map<String, String>> list) { HashMap<String, String> map = new HashMap<String, String>(); map = (HashMap<String, String>) list.get(0); // String city = map.get("city"); // System.out.println(city); cityname.setText(map.get("city")); cityid.setText(map.get("cityid")); temp.setText(map.get("temp1") + "~" + map.get("temp2")); weather.setText(map.get("weather")); ptime.setText(map.get("ptime")); } }
public class MainActivity extends Activity { private TextView cityname; private TextView cityid; private TextView temp; private TextView weather; private TextView ptime; @Override public void onCreate(Bundle savedInstanceState) { super.onCreate(savedInstanceState); setContentView(R.layout.main); cityname = (TextView) findViewById(R.id.cityname); cityid = (TextView) findViewById(R.id.cityid); temp = (TextView) findViewById(R.id.temp); weather = (TextView) findViewById(R.id.weather); ptime = (TextView) findViewById(R.id.ptime); MyAsyncTask mAsyncTask = new MyAsyncTask(this,cityname,cityid,temp,weather,ptime); mAsyncTask.execute(); } }