[置顶] ORACLE10g及以后的版本expdp错误

最近在学习oracle11g的expdp逻辑备份数据库，遇到以下问题：

bash-4.1$ expdp yjj/123456 dumpfile=dir:yjj.dmp logfile=dir:yjj.log

Export: Release 12.1.0.2.0 - Production on Tue Apr 21 09:49:21 2015

Copyright (c) 1982, 2014, Oracle and/or its affiliates.  All rights reserved.

Connected to: Oracle Database 12c Enterprise Edition Release 12.1.0.2.0 - 64bit Production
With the Partitioning, OLAP, Advanced Analytics and Real Application Testing options
ORA-39002: invalid operation
ORA-39070: Unable to open the log file.
ORA-29283: invalid file operation
ORA-06512: at "SYS.UTL_FILE", line 536
ORA-29283: invalid file operation

在讲解错误原因以及 解决办法之前，先说一下expdp备份需要做的工作：

1. 首先创建目录对象

SQL> create or replace directory dir as '/home/yjj/oraclebackup';

Directory created.

1. 给目录对象赋予权限

SQL> grant read,write on directory dir to yjj;

Grant succeeded.

1. 导出（直接在终端中运行）

bash-4.1$ expdp yjj/123456 dumpfile=dir:yjj.dmp logfile=dir:yjj.log

Export: Release 12.1.0.2.0 - Production on Tue Apr 21 09:51:01 2015

Copyright (c) 1982, 2014, Oracle and/or its affiliates.  All rights reserved.

Connected to: Oracle Database 12c Enterprise Edition Release 12.1.0.2.0 - 64bit Production
With the Partitioning, OLAP, Advanced Analytics and Real Application Testing options
Starting "YJJ"."SYS_EXPORT_SCHEMA_01":  yjj/******** dumpfile=dir:yjj.dmp logfile=dir:yjj.log 
Estimate in progress using BLOCKS method...
Processing object type SCHEMA_EXPORT/TABLE/TABLE_DATA
Total estimation using BLOCKS method: 13.31 MB
Processing object type SCHEMA_EXPORT/PRE_SCHEMA/PROCACT_SCHEMA
Processing object type SCHEMA_EXPORT/TABLE/TABLE
Processing object type SCHEMA_EXPORT/TABLE/COMMENT
Processing object type SCHEMA_EXPORT/PROCEDURE/PROCEDURE
Processing object type SCHEMA_EXPORT/PROCEDURE/ALTER_PROCEDURE
Processing object type SCHEMA_EXPORT/TABLE/INDEX/INDEX
Processing object type SCHEMA_EXPORT/TABLE/CONSTRAINT/CONSTRAINT
Processing object type SCHEMA_EXPORT/TABLE/INDEX/STATISTICS/INDEX_STATISTICS
Processing object type SCHEMA_EXPORT/TABLE/CONSTRAINT/REF_CONSTRAINT
Processing object type SCHEMA_EXPORT/TABLE/STATISTICS/TABLE_STATISTICS
Processing object type SCHEMA_EXPORT/STATISTICS/MARKER
. . exported "YJJ"."LIST"                                2.935 MB   11758 rows
. . exported "YJJ"."SE_FOODPRO"                          914.1 KB    3898 rows
. . exported "YJJ"."SE_MEDICINE"                         906.1 KB    6895 rows
. . exported "YJJ"."SE_TOOLBUSINESS"                     1.495 MB    7273 rows
. . exported "YJJ"."SE_GSP"                              726.4 KB    3988 rows
. . exported "YJJ"."SE_BUSINESS_COM"                     170.6 KB     518 rows
. . exported "YJJ"."SE_HEALTH_CARE"                      103.6 KB     348 rows
. . exported "YJJ"."SE_GMP"                              87.76 KB     611 rows
. . exported "YJJ"."SE_MEDICINETOOL"                     89.53 KB     455 rows
. . exported "YJJ"."SE_PRODUCT_COMP"                     79.08 KB     243 rows
. . exported "YJJ"."SE_TABLECHANGE"                      46.05 KB      68 rows
. . exported "YJJ"."SE_TOOLPRODUCT"                      80.82 KB     239 rows
. . exported "YJJ"."APARTMENT"                           6.031 KB      19 rows
. . exported "YJJ"."MAILBOX"                             13.97 KB      34 rows
. . exported "YJJ"."PAGEVIEW"                            5.875 KB      26 rows
. . exported "YJJ"."PERMISSION"                          5.812 KB       7 rows
. . exported "YJJ"."PICTURE"                             7.648 KB       5 rows
. . exported "YJJ"."SE_CONTRACTPRO"                      24.66 KB      62 rows
. . exported "YJJ"."SE_COSMETIC"                         17.39 KB      26 rows
. . exported "YJJ"."SE_INJECTGMP"                         14.5 KB      22 rows
. . exported "YJJ"."SE_MED_PREPARA_CONTRACT"             9.382 KB       1 rows
. . exported "YJJ"."SE_MED_PREPARA_INSTI"                37.48 KB     120 rows
. . exported "YJJ"."SE_NOINJECTGMP"                      34.88 KB      98 rows
. . exported "YJJ"."SE_ONECATAGORY"                      8.960 KB      18 rows
. . exported "YJJ"."SE_SECOND"                           17.75 KB      59 rows
. . exported "YJJ"."SE_TABLENUM"                         6.281 KB      22 rows
. . exported "YJJ"."SE_VACCIN_COM"                       10.72 KB       2 rows
. . exported "YJJ"."SE_YINGSU"                           27.31 KB     146 rows
. . exported "YJJ"."SQGK"                                12.99 KB       5 rows
. . exported "YJJ"."SUGGESTION"                          8.976 KB       3 rows
. . exported "YJJ"."USER_COLUMN"                         5.562 KB       9 rows
. . exported "YJJ"."USER_PERMISSION"                     5.828 KB       8 rows
. . exported "YJJ"."USER_T"                              8.351 KB      11 rows
. . exported "YJJ"."YCOLUMN"                             11.14 KB     106 rows
Master table "YJJ"."SYS_EXPORT_SCHEMA_01" successfully loaded/unloaded
******************************************************************************
Dump file set for YJJ.SYS_EXPORT_SCHEMA_01 is:
  /home/yjj/oraclebackup/yjj.dmp
Job "YJJ"."SYS_EXPORT_SCHEMA_01" successfully completed at Tue Apr 21 09:51:36 2015 elapsed 0 00:00:35

说明：

1. 其实上面的创建目录对象sql语句不会实际创建目录，可以理解只是在sql环境中声明一个名为dir的目录，赋权限目录也不会实际赋予用户yjj权限。所以需要手动创建目录，手动赋予权限（赋予给谁，赋予要导出数据的你login的那个用户，例子中的是yjj用户）；
2. 笔者就是没有手动赋予yjj权限导致出现本文最开始出现的错误；

chmod 777 oraclebackup

后记：

1. 笔者在网上搜寻错误的时候找到的一些解决办法都是在说

SQL> create or replace directory dir as '/home/yjj/oraclebackup/';

Directory created.

与

SQL> create or replace directory dir as '/home/yjj/oraclebackup';

Directory created.

的区别，笔者亲自测试没有这个区别的，导致错误之处也不在这儿；

1. 相关的博文如下：
   http://www.2cto.com/database/201303/195589.html
   http://blog.163.com/jet_it_life/blog/static/205097083201262431444951/
2. 最后在这片博文中找到错误之处，自己的疏忽
   http://www.linuxidc.com/Linux/2013-12/94524.htm
3. 最后要说的一点是赋予权限那一步，赋予的是你要登入进去数据库的用户（就是要备份的那个用户），所以否则的话，即使在root下运行expdp备份语句也会出错，切记。