oracle 10.2.0.4 rac(ASM) 恢复到单实例文件系统

rac恢复到单实例
源服务器：
rac1：192.168.100.201
rac2：192.168.100.202
目标服务器：
192.168.8.201
主要步骤：
恢复初始化参数文件->修改参数文件->恢复控制文件->resotre数据文件->recover数据文件
1、正确安装单实例数据库
1）查看rac文件环境变量
[oracle@rac2 log]$ cat /etc/profile.d/oraenv.sh
# oracle 10g
export ORACLE_BASE=/oracle/ora10g
export ORACLE_HOME=$ORACLE_BASE/product/db
export CRS_HOME=$ORACLE_BASE/product/crs
export PATH=$CRS_HOME/bin:$ORACLE_HOME/bin:$PATH
export ORACLE_OWNER=oracle
export ORACLE_SID=jscn2
export LD_LIBRARY_PATH=$ORACLE_HOME/lib:/lib:/usr/lib
export NLS_LANG='american_america.ZHS16GBK'
#export NLS_LANG='american_america.AL32UTF8'
umask 022
目标服务器ORACLE_SID不要设置
2）根据这个环境变量创建目标服务器数据库（包括，数据库的安装，升级包安装，数据库不要创建）

2、恢复阶段
1）启动目标数据库到nomount
[oracle@IM-8-201 ~]$ rman target /

Recovery Manager: Release 10.2.0.4.0 - Production on Tue Nov 22 21:45:18 2011

Copyright (c) 1982, 2007, Oracle.  All rights reserved.

connected to target database (not started)

RMAN> startup nomount;

startup failed: ORA-01078: failure in processing system parameters
LRM-00109: could not open parameter file '/oracle/ora10g/product/db/dbs/initjscnora'

starting Oracle instance without parameter file for retrival of spfile
Oracle instance started

Total System Global Area     159383552 bytes

Fixed Size                     2082400 bytes
Variable Size                 67111328 bytes
Database Buffers              83886080 bytes
Redo Buffers                   6303744 bytes

2）从备份集中恢复spfile，并保存成pfile，操作如下
把最近的0级备份和后面的备份文件拷贝到
我们看到备份集有如下
[oracle@rac2 orabak]$ ll
total 756284
-rw-r----- 1 oracle oinstall    622592 Dec  2 16:11 arch_JSCN_20111202_286
-rw-r----- 1 oracle oinstall    266752 Dec  2 16:11 arch_JSCN_20111202_287
-rw-r----- 1 oracle oinstall    140288 Dec  2 16:13 arch_JSCN_20111202_296
-rw-r----- 1 oracle oinstall     36352 Dec  2 16:13 arch_JSCN_20111202_297
-rw-r----- 1 oracle oinstall  16908288 Dec  2 16:13 control_c-2437751542-20111202-00
-rw-r----- 1 oracle oinstall  16908288 Dec  3 15:04 control_c-2437751542-20111203-00
-rw-r----- 1 oracle oinstall  16908288 Dec  3 16:23 control_c-2437751542-20111203-01
-rw-r----- 1 oracle oinstall  16908288 Dec  6 13:23 control_c-2437751542-20111206-00
-rw-r----- 1 oracle oinstall    196608 Dec  2 16:11 lev0_JSCN_20111202_288
-rw-r----- 1 oracle oinstall  32784384 Dec  2 16:11 lev0_JSCN_20111202_289
-rw-r----- 1 oracle oinstall    172032 Dec  2 16:11 lev0_JSCN_20111202_290
-rw-r----- 1 oracle oinstall 388726784 Dec  2 16:12 lev0_JSCN_20111202_291
-rw-r----- 1 oracle oinstall 256327680 Dec  2 16:13 lev0_JSCN_20111202_292
-rw-r----- 1 oracle oinstall   9658368 Dec  2 16:13 lev0_JSCN_20111202_293
-rw-r----- 1 oracle oinstall  15204352 Dec  2 16:13 lev0_JSCN_20111202_294
-rw-r----- 1 oracle oinstall   1818624 Dec  2 16:13 lev0_JSCN_20111202_295

这几个都是最近的备份，红色的为最近备份的控制文件
让我们恢复参数文件
[oracle@IM-8-201 ~]$ rman target /

Recovery Manager: Release 10.2.0.4.0 - Production on Tue Nov 22 22:07:18 2011

Copyright (c) 1982, 2007, Oracle.  All rights reserved.

connected to target database: DUMMY (not mounted)

RMAN> restore spfile to pfile '/home/oracle/initjscn.ora' from '/orabak/lev2_JSCN_20111201_182';

Starting restore at 22-NOV-11
using target database control file instead of recovery catalog
allocated channel: ORA_DISK_1
channel ORA_DISK_1: sid=39 devtype=DISK

channel ORA_DISK_1: autobackup found: /orabak/lev2_JSCN_20111201_182
channel ORA_DISK_1: SPFILE restore from autobackup complete
Finished restore at 22-NOV-11

--查看/home/oracle/initjscn.ora
接下来要做的是个体力活，修改 pfile.ora 中的初始化参数，主要有三方面的修改
1 修改含文件路径的参数，达到符合当前服务器环境的实际情况
2 修改多实例相关的参数
3 内存参数(如果源服务器和目录服务器内存一样大，不用调)
原文件内容如下：

---------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
jscn2.__db_cache_size=1207959552
jscn1.__db_cache_size=1207959552
jscn2.__java_pool_size=16777216
jscn1.__java_pool_size=16777216
jscn2.__large_pool_size=16777216
jscn1.__large_pool_size=16777216
jscn2.__shared_pool_size=352321536
jscn1.__shared_pool_size=352321536
jscn2.__streams_pool_size=0
jscn1.__streams_pool_size=0
*.audit_file_dest='/oracle/ora10g/admin/jscn/adump'
*.background_dump_dest='/oracle/ora10g/admin/jscn/bdump'
*.cluster_database_instances=2
*.cluster_database=true
*.compatible='10.2.0.3.0'
*.control_files='+DATA/jscn/controlfile/current.263.768517111'
*.core_dump_dest='/oracle/ora10g/admin/jscn/cdump'
*.db_block_size=8192
*.db_create_file_dest='+DATA'
*.db_domain=''
*.db_file_multiblock_read_count=8
*.db_name='jscn'
*.dispatchers='(PROTOCOL=TCP) (SERVICE=jscnXDB)'
jscn1.instance_number=1
jscn2.instance_number=2
*.job_queue_processes=10
jscn1.log_archive_dest_1='location=/oraarch1/'
jscn2.log_archive_dest_1='location=/oraarch2/'
jscn1.log_archive_dest_2='service=jscn2'
jscn2.log_archive_dest_2='service=jscn1'
*.open_cursors=300
*.pga_aggregate_target=2512388096
*.processes=1500
*.remote_listener='LISTENERS_JSCN'
*.remote_login_passwordfile='exclusive'
*.sessions=1655
*.sga_target=1610612736
jscn1.standby_archive_dest='/oraarch2/'
jscn2.standby_archive_dest='/oraarch1'
jscn2.thread=2
jscn1.thread=1
*.undo_management='AUTO'
jscn1.undo_tablespace='UNDOTBS1'
jscn2.undo_tablespace='UNDOTBS2'
*.user_dump_dest='/oracle/ora10g/admin/jscn/udump'
---------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------

最终修改完之后，这里的初始化参数如下，比如原来的文件精简不少：
---------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
*.audit_file_dest='/oracle/ora10g/admin/jscn/adump'
*.background_dump_dest='/oracle/ora10g/admin/jscn/bdump'
*.compatible='10.2.0.3.0'
*.control_files='/oracle/ora10g/oradata/jscn/control01.ctl','/oracle/ora10g/oradata/jscn/control01.ctl',
*.core_dump_dest='/oracle/ora10g/admin/jscn/cdump'
*.db_block_size=8192
*.db_domain=''
*.db_file_multiblock_read_count=8
*.db_name='jscn'
*.job_queue_processes=10
*.log_archive_dest_1='location=/oraarch'
*.open_cursors=300
*.pga_aggregate_target=251238809
*.processes=150
*.remote_login_passwordfile='exclusive'
*.sessions=165
*.sga_target=261061273
*.undo_management='AUTO'
undo_tablespace='UNDOTBS1'
*.user_dump_dest='/oracle/ora10g/admin/jscn/udump'
---------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------

现在我们开始恢复了
SQL> create spfile from pfile ='/home/oracle/initjscn.ora';

File created.
SQL> shutdown immediate
-- 下面为碰到问题了
ORACLE instance shut down.
SQL> startup nomount
ORA-07446: sdnfy: bad value '/oracle/ora10g/admin/jscn/udump' for parameter user_dump_dest.
SQL> startup nomount
ORACLE instance started.
ORA-04030: out of process memory when trying to allocate 32 bytes (sqlarea,tmp)

如果碰到以上错误
--1、创建相应的目录

--2、修改pga_aggregate_target为合适的值

--正常情况应该如下
SQL> startup nomount
ORACLE instance started.

Total System Global Area  264241152 bytes
Fixed Size                  2083200 bytes
Variable Size              83887744 bytes
Database Buffers          171966464 bytes
Redo Buffers                6303744 bytes

3）恢复控制文件
[oracle@IM-8-201 ~]$ rman target /

Recovery Manager: Release 10.2.0.4.0 - Production on Tue Nov 22 23:55:44 2011

Copyright (c) 1982, 2007, Oracle.  All rights reserved.

connected to target database: jscn (not mounted)

RMAN> set dbid=2437751542 --设置dbid

executing command: SET DBID

RMAN> restore controlfile from '/orabak/control_c-2437751542-20111202-00'; -- 恢复控制文件

Starting restore at 23-NOV-11
using target database control file instead of recovery catalog
allocated channel: ORA_DISK_1
channel ORA_DISK_1: sid=157 devtype=DISK

channel ORA_DISK_1: restoring control file
channel ORA_DISK_1: restore complete, elapsed time: 00:00:03
output filename=/oracle/ora10g/oradata/jscn/control01.ctl
output filename=/oracle/ora10g/oradata/jscn/control02.ctl
Finished restore at 23-NOV-11

RMAN> alter database mount;

database mounted

4）恢复数据文件
先查看源文件配置
数据文件：
[oracle@rac2 orabak]$ sqlplus / as sysdba
SQL> select file#,name from v$datafile;
 
     FILE# NAME
---------- --------------------------------------------------------------------------------
         1 +DATA/jscn/datafile/system.276.768517007
         2 +DATA/jscn/datafile/undotbs1.280.768517007
         3 +DATA/jscn/datafile/sysaux.277.768517007
         4 +DATA/jscn/datafile/users.281.768517009
         5 +DATA/jscn/datafile/undotbs2.265.768517163
         6 +DATA/jscn/datafile/jscn.279.768561585
         7 +DATA/jscn/datafile/jscndata.274.768561677
         8 +DATA/jscn/datafile/jscnindex.273.768561769
 
临时文件
 SQL> select file#,name from v$tempfile;
 
     FILE# NAME
---------- --------------------------------------------------------------------------------
         1 +DATA/jscn/tempfile/temp.266.768517129
 
日志文件：
SQL> select member from gv$logfile;
 
MEMBER
--------------------------------------------------------------------------------
+DATA/jscn/onlinelog/group_1.278.768517115
+DATA/jscn/onlinelog/group_2.267.768517119
+DATA/jscn/onlinelog/group_3.262.768517183
+DATA/jscn/onlinelog/group_4.261.768517187
 
RMAN 中的 SET 命令可以用来为数据文件和临时文件重命名，这里就使用 set 命令对数据文件和临时文件的路径进行重定义，然后再执行恢复操作，如下：
RMAN>RUN {
SET NEWNAME FOR DATAFILE 1 to '/oracle/ora10g/oradata/jscn/system01.dbf';
SET NEWNAME FOR DATAFILE 2 to '/oracle/ora10g/oradata/jscn/UNDOTBS1.dbf';
SET NEWNAME FOR DATAFILE 3 to '/oracle/ora10g/oradata/jscn/sysaux01.dbf';
SET NEWNAME FOR DATAFILE 4 to '/oracle/ora10g/oradata/jscn/users01.dbf';
SET NEWNAME FOR DATAFILE 5 to '/oracle/ora10g/oradata/jscn/UNDOTBS2.dbf';
SET NEWNAME FOR DATAFILE 6 to '/oracle/ora10g/oradata/jscn/jscn.dbf';
SET NEWNAME FOR DATAFILE 7 to '/oracle/ora10g/oradata/jscn/jscndata.dbf';
SET NEWNAME FOR DATAFILE 8 to '/oracle/ora10g/oradata/jscn/jscnindex.dbf';
SET NEWNAME FOR TEMPFILE 1 to '/oracle/ora10g/oradata/jscn/temp01.dbf';
restore database;
switch datafile all;
SWITCH TEMPFILE ALL;
}
2> 3> 4> 5> 6> 7> 8> 9> 10> 11> 12> 13>

executing command: SET NEWNAME

executing command: SET NEWNAME

executing command: SET NEWNAME

executing command: SET NEWNAME

executing command: SET NEWNAME

executing command: SET NEWNAME

executing command: SET NEWNAME

executing command: SET NEWNAME

Starting restore at 23-NOV-11
allocated channel: ORA_DISK_1
channel ORA_DISK_1: sid=156 devtype=DISK

channel ORA_DISK_1: starting datafile backupset restore
channel ORA_DISK_1: specifying datafile(s) to restore from backup set
restoring datafile 00001 to /oracle/ora10g/oradata/jscn/system01.dbf
restoring datafile 00004 to /oracle/ora10g/oradata/jscn/users01.dbf
restoring datafile 00008 to /oracle/ora10g/oradata/jscn/jscnindex.dbf
channel ORA_DISK_1: reading from backup piece /orabak/lev0_JSCN_20111201_203
channel ORA_DISK_1: restored backup piece 1
piece handle=/orabak/lev0_JSCN_20111201_203 tag=LEV0
channel ORA_DISK_1: restore complete, elapsed time: 00:00:45
channel ORA_DISK_1: starting datafile backupset restore
channel ORA_DISK_1: specifying datafile(s) to restore from backup set
restoring datafile 00005 to /oracle/ora10g/oradata/jscn/UNDOTBS2.dbf
restoring datafile 00006 to /oracle/ora10g/oradata/jscn/jscn.dbf
channel ORA_DISK_1: reading from backup piece /orabak/lev0_JSCN_20111201_205
channel ORA_DISK_1: restored backup piece 1
piece handle=/orabak/lev0_JSCN_20111201_205 tag=LEV0
channel ORA_DISK_1: restore complete, elapsed time: 00:00:25
channel ORA_DISK_1: starting datafile backupset restore
channel ORA_DISK_1: specifying datafile(s) to restore from backup set
restoring datafile 00002 to /oracle/ora10g/oradata/jscn/UNDOTBS1.dbf
restoring datafile 00003 to /oracle/ora10g/oradata/jscn/sysaux01.dbf
restoring datafile 00007 to /oracle/ora10g/oradata/jscn/jscndata.dbf
channel ORA_DISK_1: reading from backup piece /orabak/lev0_JSCN_20111201_204
channel ORA_DISK_1: restored backup piece 1
piece handle=/orabak/lev0_JSCN_20111201_204 tag=LEV0
channel ORA_DISK_1: restore complete, elapsed time: 00:00:35
Finished restore at 23-NOV-11

datafile 1 switched to datafile copy
input datafile copy recid=9 stamp=767941800 filename=/oracle/ora10g/oradata/jscn/system01.dbf
datafile 2 switched to datafile copy
input datafile copy recid=10 stamp=767941800 filename=/oracle/ora10g/oradata/jscn/UNDOTBS1.dbf
datafile 3 switched to datafile copy
input datafile copy recid=11 stamp=767941800 filename=/oracle/ora10g/oradata/jscn/sysaux01.dbf
datafile 4 switched to datafile copy
input datafile copy recid=12 stamp=767941800 filename=/oracle/ora10g/oradata/jscn/users01.dbf
datafile 5 switched to datafile copy
input datafile copy recid=13 stamp=767941800 filename=/oracle/ora10g/oradata/jscn/UNDOTBS2.dbf
datafile 6 switched to datafile copy
input datafile copy recid=14 stamp=767941800 filename=/oracle/ora10g/oradata/jscn/jscn.dbf
datafile 7 switched to datafile copy
input datafile copy recid=15 stamp=767941800 filename=/oracle/ora10g/oradata/jscn/jscndata.dbf
datafile 8 switched to datafile copy
input datafile copy recid=16 stamp=767941800 filename=/oracle/ora10g/oradata/jscn/jscnindex.dbf

5）recover 数据库

SQL> recover database using backup controlfile;
ORA-00279: change 1141856 generated at 12/01/2011 20:50:40 needed for thread 2
ORA-00289: suggestion : /oraarch/2_72_768517114.dbf
ORA-00280: change 1141856 for thread 2 is in sequence #72

Specify log: {<RET>=suggested | filename | AUTO | CANCEL}
CANCEL
Media recovery cancelled.

SQL> alter database backup controlfile to trace;
Database altered.

6）重建控制文件
SQL> shutdown immediate;
ORA-01109: database not open

Database dismounted.
ORACLE instance shut down.
SQL> startup nomount;
ORACLE instance started.

Total System Global Area  264241152 bytes
Fixed Size                  2083200 bytes
Variable Size              83887744 bytes
Database Buffers          171966464 bytes
Redo Buffers                6303744 bytes

SQL> CREATE CONTROLFILE REUSE DATABASE "JSCN" RESETLOGS  ARCHIVELOG
    MAXLOGFILES 192
    MAXLOGMEMBERS 3
    MAXDATAFILES 1024
    MAXINSTANCES 32
    MAXLOGHISTORY 292
LOGFILE
  GROUP 1 '/oracle/ora10g/oradata/jscn/redo01.dbf'  SIZE 50M,
  GROUP 2 '/oracle/ora10g/oradata/jscn/redo02.dbf'  SIZE 50M
-- STANDBY LOGFILE
DATAFILE
  '/oracle/ora10g/oradata/jscn/system01.dbf',
  '/oracle/ora10g/oradata/jscn/UNDOTBS1.dbf',
  '/oracle/ora10g/oradata/jscn/sysaux01.dbf',
  '/oracle/ora10g/oradata/jscn/users01.dbf',
  '/oracle/ora10g/oradata/jscn/UNDOTBS2.dbf',
  '/oracle/ora10g/oradata/jscn/jscn.dbf',
  '/oracle/ora10g/oradata/jscn/jscndata.dbf',
  '/oracle/ora10g/oradata/jscn/jscnindex.dbf'
CHARACTER SET ZHS16GBK

;

ALTER DATABASE ADD LOGFILE THREAD 2
GROUP 3 '/oracle/ora10g/oradata/jscn/redo03.dbf'  SIZE 50M,
GROUP 4 '/oracle/ora10g/oradata/jscn/redo04.dbf'  SIZE 50M;

7）打开数据库

SQL> alter database open resetlogs
  2  ;

Database altered.

SQL> exit
Disconnected from Oracle Database 10g Enterprise Edition Release 10.2.0.4.0 - 64bit Production
With the Partitioning, OLAP, Data Mining and Real Application Testing options
[oracle@IM-8-201 ~]$ sqlplus / as sysdba

SQL*Plus: Release 10.2.0.4.0 - Production on Wed Nov 23 09:43:49 2011

Copyright (c) 1982, 2007, Oracle.  All Rights Reserved.

Connected to:
Oracle Database 10g Enterprise Edition Release 10.2.0.4.0 - 64bit Production
With the Partitioning, OLAP, Data Mining and Real Application Testing options

SQL> conn jscn/jscn
Connected.
SQL> desc nihao;
 Name                                      Null?    Type
 ----------------------------------------- -------- ----------------------------
 ID                                                 NUMBER