题目链接:https://leetcode.com/problems/single-number/
题目:
Given an array of integers, every element appears twice except for one. Find that single one.
Note:
Your algorithm should have a linear runtime complexity. Could you implement it without using extra memory?
思路:
1、用HashMap,时间复杂度O(n),空间复杂度O(n)
2、用位操作,考虑异或的特点:x^x=0,异或满足结合律和交换律,0^x=x。
对数组所有元素异或一次,即n[0]^n[1]^n[2].....运用交换律和结合律可以把相同元素放一起异或结果为0,而0和剩余元素异或不会改变结果,所以
最后得到结果 为出现次数为奇数的元素。空间复杂度为O(1)。
算法1:
public int singleNumber(int[] nums) { Map<Integer, Integer> maps = new HashMap<Integer, Integer>(); for (int i : nums) { if (maps.containsKey(i)) { maps.remove(i); } else { maps.put(i, 1); } } return (int) maps.keySet().toArray()[0]; }
算法2:
public int singleNumber(int[] nums) { int result = 0; for (int i = 0; i < nums.length; i++) { result ^= nums[i]; } return result; }