Python自然语言处理工具汇总

Python 自然语言处理（NLP）工具汇总

NLTK

• 简介：

NLTK 在使用 Python 处理自然语言的工具中处于领先的地位。它提供了 WordNet 这种方便处理词汇资源的接口，以及分类、分词、词干提取、标注、语法分析、语义推理等类库。

• 网站：

Natural Language Toolkit

• 安装：

安装 NLTK:

[root@master ~]# pip install nltk
Collecting nltk
  Downloading nltk-3.2.1.tar.gz (1.1MB)
    100% |████████████████████████████████| 1.1MB 664kB/s
Installing collected packages: nltk
  Running setup.py install for nltk ... done
Successfully installed nltk-3.2.1

• 注意事项：
  安装完以后还要下载nltk语料库才可以使用,下载的是压缩文件,需要解压到nltk_data下面。目录结构如下：

zang@ZANG-PC D:\nltk_data
> ls -al
total 44
drwxrwx---+ 1 Administrators None   0 Oct 25  2015 .
drwxrwx---+ 1 SYSTEM         SYSTEM 0 May 30 10:55 ..
drwxrwx---+ 1 Administrators None   0 Oct 25  2015 chunkers
drwxrwx---+ 1 Administrators None   0 Oct 25  2015 corpora
drwxrwx---+ 1 Administrators None   0 Oct 25  2015 grammers
drwxrwx---+ 1 Administrators None   0 Oct 25  2015 help
drwxrwx---+ 1 Administrators None   0 Oct 25  2015 stemmers
drwxrwx---+ 1 Administrators None   0 Oct 25  2015 taggers
drwxrwx---+ 1 Administrators None   0 Oct 25  2015 tokenizers

Pattern

• 简介：

Pattern是基于web的Python挖掘模块，包含如下工具：
* 数据挖掘：Web服务接口(Google,Twitter,Wikipedia),网络爬虫,HTML DOM 解析。
* 自然语言处理：POS词性标注,n-gram搜索,情感分析,词云。
* 机器学习：向量空间模型(VSM),聚类,分类(KNN,SVM,Perceptron)。
* 网络分析：图中心和可视化。

• 网站：

GitHub主页

• 安装:

[root@master ~]# pip install pattern
Collecting pattern
  Downloading pattern-2.6.zip (24.6MB)
    100% |████████████████████████████████| 24.6MB 43kB/s
Installing collected packages: pattern
  Running setup.py install for pattern ... done
Successfully installed pattern-2.6
[root@master ~]#

TextBlob

• 简介：

  TextBlob 是基于NLTK和pattern的工具, 有两者的特性。如下：

  • 名词短语提前
  • POS标注
  • 情感分析
  • 分类 (Naive Bayes, Decision Tree)
  • 谷歌翻译
  • 分词和分句
  • 词频和短语频率统计
  • 句法解析
  • n-grams模型
  • 词型转换和词干提取
  • 拼写校正
  • 通过词云整合添加新的语言和模型

• 网站：

TextBlob: Simplified Text Processing

• 安装：

[root@master ~]# pip install -U textblob
Collecting textblob
  Downloading textblob-0.11.1-py2.py3-none-any.whl (634kB)
    100% |████████████████████████████████| 634kB 1.1MB/s
Requirement already up-to-date: nltk>=3.1 in /usr/lib/python2.7/site-packages (from textblob)
Installing collected packages: textblob
Successfully installed textblob-0.11.1
[root@master ~]# python -m textblob.download_corpora
[nltk_data] Downloading package brown to /root/nltk_data...
[nltk_data]   Unzipping corpora/brown.zip.
[nltk_data] Downloading package punkt to /root/nltk_data...
[nltk_data]   Unzipping tokenizers/punkt.zip.
[nltk_data] Downloading package wordnet to /root/nltk_data...
[nltk_data]   Unzipping corpora/wordnet.zip.
[nltk_data] Downloading package averaged_perceptron_tagger to
[nltk_data]     /root/nltk_data...
[nltk_data]   Unzipping taggers/averaged_perceptron_tagger.zip.
[nltk_data] Downloading package conll2000 to /root/nltk_data...
[nltk_data]   Unzipping corpora/conll2000.zip.
[nltk_data] Downloading package movie_reviews to /root/nltk_data...
[nltk_data]   Unzipping corpora/movie_reviews.zip.
Finished.

Gensim

• 简介：

Gensim 是一个 Python 库，用于对大型语料库进行主题建模、文件索引、相似度检索等。它可以处理大于内存的输入数据。作者说它是“纯文本上无监督的语义建模最健壮、高效、易用的软件。”

• 网站：

Gensim HomePage

GitHub - piskvorky/gensim: Topic Modelling for Humans

• 安装：

[root@master ~]# pip install -U gensim
Collecting gensim
  Downloading gensim-0.12.4.tar.gz (2.4MB)
    100% |████████████████████████████████| 2.4MB 358kB/s
Collecting numpy>=1.3 (from gensim)
  Downloading numpy-1.11.0-cp27-cp27mu-manylinux1_x86_64.whl (15.3MB)
    100% |████████████████████████████████| 15.3MB 66kB/s
Collecting scipy>=0.7.0 (from gensim)
  Downloading scipy-0.17.1-cp27-cp27mu-manylinux1_x86_64.whl (39.5MB)
    100% |████████████████████████████████| 39.5MB 27kB/s
Requirement already up-to-date: six>=1.5.0 in /usr/lib/python2.7/site-packages/six-1.10.0-py2.7.egg (from gensim)
Collecting smart_open>=1.2.1 (from gensim)
  Downloading smart_open-1.3.3.tar.gz
Collecting boto>=2.32 (from smart_open>=1.2.1->gensim)
  Downloading boto-2.40.0-py2.py3-none-any.whl (1.3MB)
    100% |████████████████████████████████| 1.4MB 634kB/s
Requirement already up-to-date: bz2file in /usr/lib/python2.7/site-packages (from smart_open>=1.2.1->gensim)
Collecting requests (from smart_open>=1.2.1->gensim)
  Downloading requests-2.10.0-py2.py3-none-any.whl (506kB)
    100% |████████████████████████████████| 512kB 1.4MB/s
Installing collected packages: numpy, scipy, boto, requests, smart-open, gensim
  Found existing installation: numpy 1.10.1
    Uninstalling numpy-1.10.1:
      Successfully uninstalled numpy-1.10.1
  Found existing installation: scipy 0.12.1
    DEPRECATION: Uninstalling a distutils installed project (scipy) has been deprecated and will be removed in a future version. This is due to the fact that uninstalling a distutils project will only partially uninstall the project.
    Uninstalling scipy-0.12.1:
      Successfully uninstalled scipy-0.12.1
  Found existing installation: boto 2.38.0
    Uninstalling boto-2.38.0:
      Successfully uninstalled boto-2.38.0
  Found existing installation: requests 2.8.1
    Uninstalling requests-2.8.1:
      Successfully uninstalled requests-2.8.1
  Found existing installation: smart-open 1.3.1
    Uninstalling smart-open-1.3.1:
      Successfully uninstalled smart-open-1.3.1
  Running setup.py install for smart-open ... done
  Found existing installation: gensim 0.12.3
    Uninstalling gensim-0.12.3:
      Successfully uninstalled gensim-0.12.3
  Running setup.py install for gensim ... done
Successfully installed boto-2.40.0 gensim-0.12.4 numpy-1.11.0 requests-2.6.0 scipy-0.17.1 smart-open-1.3.3

PyNLPI

• 简介：

它的全称是：Python 自然语言处理库（Python Natural Language Processing Library，音发作: pineapple） 是一个用于自然语言处理任务库。它集合了各种独立或松散互相关的，那些常见的、不常见的、对NLP 任务有用的模块。PyNLPI 可以用来处理 N 元搜索，计算频率表和分布，建立语言模型。它还可以处理向优先队列这种更加复杂的数据结构，或者像 Beam 搜索这种更加复杂的算法。

• 网站：

Github

PyNLPI HomePage

• 安装：

从Github上下载源码，解压以后编译安装。

[root@master pynlpl-master]# python setup.py install
Preparing build
running install
running bdist_egg
running egg_info
creating PyNLPl.egg-info
writing requirements to PyNLPl.egg-info/requires.txt
writing PyNLPl.egg-info/PKG-INFO
writing top-level names to PyNLPl.egg-info/top_level.txt
writing dependency_links to PyNLPl.egg-info/dependency_links.txt
writing manifest file 'PyNLPl.egg-info/SOURCES.txt'
reading manifest file 'PyNLPl.egg-info/SOURCES.txt'
writing manifest file 'PyNLPl.egg-info/SOURCES.txt'
installing library code to build/bdist.linux-x86_64/egg
running install_lib
running build_py
creating build
creating build/lib
creating build/lib/pynlpl
copying pynlpl/tagger.py -> build/lib/pynlpl
......
byte-compiling build/bdist.linux-x86_64/egg/pynlpl/__init__.py to __init__.pyc
byte-compiling build/bdist.linux-x86_64/egg/pynlpl/mt/__init__.py to __init__.pyc
byte-compiling build/bdist.linux-x86_64/egg/pynlpl/mt/wordalign.py to wordalign.pyc
byte-compiling build/bdist.linux-x86_64/egg/pynlpl/statistics.py to statistics.pyc
creating build/bdist.linux-x86_64/egg/EGG-INFO
copying PyNLPl.egg-info/PKG-INFO -> build/bdist.linux-x86_64/egg/EGG-INFO
copying PyNLPl.egg-info/SOURCES.txt -> build/bdist.linux-x86_64/egg/EGG-INFO
copying PyNLPl.egg-info/dependency_links.txt -> build/bdist.linux-x86_64/egg/EGG-INFO
copying PyNLPl.egg-info/not-zip-safe -> build/bdist.linux-x86_64/egg/EGG-INFO
copying PyNLPl.egg-info/requires.txt -> build/bdist.linux-x86_64/egg/EGG-INFO
copying PyNLPl.egg-info/top_level.txt -> build/bdist.linux-x86_64/egg/EGG-INFO
creating dist
creating 'dist/PyNLPl-0.9.2-py2.7.egg' and adding 'build/bdist.linux-x86_64/egg' to it
removing 'build/bdist.linux-x86_64/egg' (and everything under it)
Processing PyNLPl-0.9.2-py2.7.egg
creating /usr/lib/python2.7/site-packages/PyNLPl-0.9.2-py2.7.egg
Extracting PyNLPl-0.9.2-py2.7.egg to /usr/lib/python2.7/site-packages
Adding PyNLPl 0.9.2 to easy-install.pth file

Installed /usr/lib/python2.7/site-packages/PyNLPl-0.9.2-py2.7.egg
Processing dependencies for PyNLPl==0.9.2
Searching for httplib2>=0.6
Reading https://pypi.python.org/simple/httplib2/
Best match: httplib2 0.9.2
Downloading https://pypi.python.org/packages/ff/a9/5751cdf17a70ea89f6dde23ceb1705bfb638fd8cee00f845308bf8d26397/httplib2-0.9.2.tar.gz#md5=bd1b1445b3b2dfa7276b09b1a07b7f0e
Processing httplib2-0.9.2.tar.gz
Writing /tmp/easy_install-G32Vg8/httplib2-0.9.2/setup.cfg
Running httplib2-0.9.2/setup.py -q bdist_egg --dist-dir /tmp/easy_install-G32Vg8/httplib2-0.9.2/egg-dist-tmp-IgKi70
zip_safe flag not set; analyzing archive contents...
httplib2.__init__: module references __file__
Adding httplib2 0.9.2 to easy-install.pth file

Installed /usr/lib/python2.7/site-packages/httplib2-0.9.2-py2.7.egg
Searching for numpy==1.11.0
Best match: numpy 1.11.0
Adding numpy 1.11.0 to easy-install.pth file

Using /usr/lib64/python2.7/site-packages
Searching for lxml==3.2.1
Best match: lxml 3.2.1
Adding lxml 3.2.1 to easy-install.pth file

Using /usr/lib64/python2.7/site-packages
Finished processing dependencies for PyNLPl==0.9.2

spaCy

• 简介：

这是一个商业的开源软件。结合了Python 和Cython 优异的 NLP 工具。是快速的，最先进的自然语言处理工具。

• 网站：

HomePage

GitHub

• 安装：

[root@master pynlpl-master]# pip install spacy
Collecting spacy
  Downloading spacy-0.101.0-cp27-cp27mu-manylinux1_x86_64.whl (5.7MB)
    100% |████████████████████████████████| 5.7MB 161kB/s
Collecting thinc<5.1.0,>=5.0.0 (from spacy)
  Downloading thinc-5.0.8-cp27-cp27mu-manylinux1_x86_64.whl (1.4MB)
    100% |████████████████████████████████| 1.4MB 287kB/s
Collecting murmurhash<0.27,>=0.26 (from spacy)
  Downloading murmurhash-0.26.4-cp27-cp27mu-manylinux1_x86_64.whl
Collecting cloudpickle (from spacy)
  Downloading cloudpickle-0.2.1-py2.py3-none-any.whl
Collecting plac (from spacy)
  Downloading plac-0.9.1.tar.gz (151kB)
    100% |████████████████████████████████| 153kB 3.2MB/s
Requirement already satisfied (use --upgrade to upgrade): numpy>=1.7 in /usr/lib64/python2.7/site-packages (from spacy)
Requirement already satisfied (use --upgrade to upgrade): six in /usr/lib/python2.7/site-packages/six-1.10.0-py2.7.egg (from spacy)
Collecting cymem<1.32,>=1.30 (from spacy)
  Downloading cymem-1.31.2-cp27-cp27mu-manylinux1_x86_64.whl (66kB)
    100% |████████████████████████████████| 71kB 4.3MB/s
Collecting preshed<0.47,>=0.46.1 (from spacy)
  Downloading preshed-0.46.4-cp27-cp27mu-manylinux1_x86_64.whl (223kB)
    100% |████████████████████████████████| 225kB 2.4MB/s
Collecting sputnik<0.10.0,>=0.9.2 (from spacy)
  Downloading sputnik-0.9.3-py2.py3-none-any.whl
Collecting semver (from sputnik<0.10.0,>=0.9.2->spacy)
  Downloading semver-2.5.0.tar.gz
Installing collected packages: murmurhash, cymem, preshed, thinc, cloudpickle, plac, semver, sputnik, spacy
  Running setup.py install for plac ... done
  Running setup.py install for semver ... done
Successfully installed cloudpickle-0.2.1 cymem-1.31.2 murmurhash-0.26.4 plac-0.9.1 preshed-0.46.4 semver-2.5.0 spacy-0.101.0 sputnik-0.9.3 thinc-5.0.8

Polyglot

• 简介：

Polyglot 支持大规模多语言应用程序的处理。它支持165种语言的分词，196中语言的辨识，40种语言的专有名词识别，16种语言的词性标注，136种语言的情感分析，137种语言的嵌入，135种语言的形态分析，以及69种语言的翻译。特性如下：
Tokenization (165 Languages)
Language detection (196 Languages)
Named Entity Recognition (40 Languages)
Part of Speech Tagging (16 Languages)
Sentiment Analysis (136 Languages)
Word Embeddings (137 Languages)
Morphological analysis (135 Languages)
Transliteration (69 Languages)

• 网站：

Github

• 安装：

[root@master pynlpl-master]# pip install polyglot
Collecting polyglot
  Downloading polyglot-15.10.03-py2.py3-none-any.whl (54kB)
    100% |████████████████████████████████| 61kB 153kB/s
Collecting pycld2>=0.3 (from polyglot)
  Downloading pycld2-0.31.tar.gz (14.3MB)
    100% |████████████████████████████████| 14.3MB 71kB/s
Collecting wheel>=0.23.0 (from polyglot)
  Downloading wheel-0.29.0-py2.py3-none-any.whl (66kB)
    100% |████████████████████████████████| 71kB 4.2MB/s
Collecting futures>=2.1.6 (from polyglot)
  Downloading futures-3.0.5-py2-none-any.whl
Requirement already satisfied (use --upgrade to upgrade): six>=1.7.3 in /usr/lib/python2.7/site-packages/six-1.10.0-py2.7.egg (from polyglot)
Collecting PyICU>=1.8 (from polyglot)
  Downloading PyICU-1.9.3.tar.gz (179kB)
    100% |████████████████████████████████| 184kB 2.9MB/s
Collecting morfessor>=2.0.2a1 (from polyglot)
  Downloading Morfessor-2.0.2alpha3.tar.gz
Installing collected packages: pycld2, wheel, futures, PyICU, morfessor, polyglot
  Running setup.py install for pycld2 ... done
  Running setup.py install for PyICU ... done
  Running setup.py install for morfessor ... done
Successfully installed PyICU-1.9.3 futures-3.0.5 morfessor-2.0.2a3 polyglot-15.10.3 pycld2-0.31 wheel-0.29.0

MontyLingua

• 简介：

MontyLingua 是一个免费的、功能强大的、端到端的英文处理工具。在 MontyLingua 输入原始英文文本 ，输出就会得到这段文本的语义解释。它适用于信息检索和提取，请求处理，问答系统。从英文文本中，它能提取出主动宾元组，形容词、名词和动词短语，人名、地名、事件，日期和时间等语义信息。

• 网站：

HomePage

Github

• 安装：

无

Usage
Webservice
python server.py
The webservice runs on port 8001 at /service by default. For parameters etc see the NIF spec.
Therefore you can curl your query like this
curl “http://localhost:8001/service?nif=true&input-type=text&input=This%20is%20a%20city%20called%20Berlin.”
or simply use your browser to query the target.
Console
python nif.py
But this method is mainly for debugging purposes and supports only hardcoded options.

BLLIP Parser

• 简介：

BLLIP Parser（也叫做 Charniak-Johnson parser）是一个集成了生成成分分析器和最大熵排序的统计自然语言分析器。它包括命令行和python接口。

• 网站：

GitHub

HomePage

• 安装：

[root@master pynlpl-master]# pip install --user bllipparser
Collecting bllipparser
  Downloading bllipparser-2015.12.3.tar.gz (548kB)
    100% |████████████████████████████████| 552kB 1.2MB/s
Requirement already satisfied (use --upgrade to upgrade): six in /usr/lib/python2.7/site-packages/six-1.10.0-py2.7.egg (from bllipparser)
Building wheels for collected packages: bllipparser
  Running setup.py bdist_wheel for bllipparser ... done
  Stored in directory: /root/.cache/pip/wheels/6f/7a/d8/037a4aa0fa275f43e1129008eb7834dc8522ef158d2e96534b
Successfully built bllipparser
Installing collected packages: bllipparser
Successfully installed bllipparser

Quepy

• 简介：

Quepy 是一个 Python 框架，提供了将自然语言问题转换成为数据库查询语言中的查询。它可以方便地自定义自然语言中不同类型的问题和数据库查询。所以，通过 Quepy，仅仅修改几行代码，就可以构建你自己的自然语言查询数据库系统。

• 网站：

GitHub - machinalis/quepy: A python framework to transform natural language questions to queries in a database query language.
Quepy: A Python framework to transform natural language questions to queries.

• 安装

[root@master pynlpl-master]# pip install quepy
Collecting quepy
  Downloading quepy-0.2.tar.gz (42kB)
    100% |████████████████████████████████| 51kB 128kB/s
Collecting refo (from quepy)
  Downloading REfO-0.13.tar.gz
Requirement already satisfied (use --upgrade to upgrade): nltk in /usr/lib/python2.7/site-packages (from quepy)
Collecting SPARQLWrapper (from quepy)
  Downloading SPARQLWrapper-1.7.6.zip
Collecting rdflib>=4.0 (from SPARQLWrapper->quepy)
  Downloading rdflib-4.2.1.tar.gz (889kB)
    100% |████████████████████████████████| 890kB 823kB/s
Collecting keepalive>=0.5 (from SPARQLWrapper->quepy)
  Downloading keepalive-0.5.zip
Collecting isodate (from rdflib>=4.0->SPARQLWrapper->quepy)
  Downloading isodate-0.5.4.tar.gz
Requirement already satisfied (use --upgrade to upgrade): pyparsing in /usr/lib/python2.7/site-packages (from rdflib>=4.0->SPARQLWrapper->quepy)
Collecting html5lib (from rdflib>=4.0->SPARQLWrapper->quepy)
  Downloading html5lib-0.9999999.tar.gz (889kB)
    100% |████████████████████████████████| 890kB 854kB/s
Requirement already satisfied (use --upgrade to upgrade): six in /usr/lib/python2.7/site-packages/six-1.10.0-py2.7.egg (from html5lib->rdflib>=4.0->SPARQLWrapper->quepy)
Building wheels for collected packages: quepy, refo, SPARQLWrapper, rdflib, keepalive, isodate, html5lib
  Running setup.py bdist_wheel for quepy ... done
  Stored in directory: /root/.cache/pip/wheels/c8/04/bf/495b88a68aa5c1e9dd1629b09ab70261651cf517d1b1c27464
  Running setup.py bdist_wheel for refo ... done
  Stored in directory: /root/.cache/pip/wheels/76/97/81/825976cf0a2b9ad759bbec13a649264938dffb52dfd56ac6c8
  Running setup.py bdist_wheel for SPARQLWrapper ... done
  Stored in directory: /root/.cache/pip/wheels/50/fe/25/be6e98daa4f576494df2a18d5e86a182e3d7e0735d062cc984
  Running setup.py bdist_wheel for rdflib ... done
  Stored in directory: /root/.cache/pip/wheels/fb/93/10/4f8a3e95937d8db410a490fa235bd95e0e0d41b5f6274b20e5
  Running setup.py bdist_wheel for keepalive ... done
  Stored in directory: /root/.cache/pip/wheels/16/4f/c1/121ddff67b131a371b66d682feefac055fbdbb9569bfde5c51
  Running setup.py bdist_wheel for isodate ... done
  Stored in directory: /root/.cache/pip/wheels/61/c0/d2/6b4a10c222ba9261ab9872a8f05d471652962284e8c677e5e7
  Running setup.py bdist_wheel for html5lib ... done
  Stored in directory: /root/.cache/pip/wheels/6f/85/6c/56b8e1292c6214c4eb73b9dda50f53e8e977bf65989373c962
Successfully built quepy refo SPARQLWrapper rdflib keepalive isodate html5lib
Installing collected packages: refo, isodate, html5lib, rdflib, keepalive, SPARQLWrapper, quepy
Successfully installed SPARQLWrapper-1.7.6 html5lib-0.9999999 isodate-0.5.4 keepalive-0.5 quepy-0.2 rdflib-4.2.1 refo-0.13

MBSP

• 简介：

MBSP is a text analysis system based on the TiMBL and MBT memory based learning applications developed at CLiPS and ILK. It provides tools for Tokenization and Sentence Splitting, Part of Speech Tagging, Chunking, Lemmatization, Relation Finding and Prepositional Phrase Attachment.
The general English version of MBSP has been trained on data from the Wall Street Journal corpus.

• 网站：

HomePage

Github

• 安装：

下载，解压，编译安装：

[root@master MBSP]# python setup.py install
.....编译的信息.....
.....2分钟左右.....

参考：

• 李岩知乎回答：目前常用的自然语言处理开源项目/开发包有哪些？
• 数盟：用Python做自然语言处理必知的八个工具