使用rman duplicate创建物理active standby dataguard
11g的rman提供duplicate可以快速创建物理dataguard。简单方便，dataguard要求主库和备库的db_name一致，db_unique_name不同，下面是具体步骤
基本环境如下：
主库：hostname:11g1
ip:192.168.56.35
db_name:squan
sid=squan
db_unique_name=squan
备库：
hostname:11g2
ip:192.168.56.106
db_name:squan
sid=suq
db_unique_name=suq
==============================
一、主库的基本步骤：
1.修改数据库为force logging
2.创建密码文件
3.创建standby logfile，standby logfile的组数比联机日志多一组
4.修改tnsname.ora，添加一个到standby数据库的服务命名
5.修改standby的相关参数
具体操作如下：
1.修改数据库为force logging
SQL> alter database force logging; Database altered. 2.创建密码文件
[oracle@11g1 dbs]$ orapwd file=orapwsquan password=manager entries=10
SQL> select * from v$log;
GROUP# THREAD# SEQUENCE# BYTES BLOCKSIZE MEMBERS ARC STATUS FIRST_CHANGE# FIRST_TIM NEXT_CHANGE# NEXT_TIME
---------- ---------- ---------- ---------- ---------- ---------- --- ---------------- ------------- --------- ------------ ---------
1 1 47 52428800 512 1 YES ACTIVE 1170031 24-MAY-14 1172488 24-MAY-14
2 1 48 52428800 512 1 NO CURRENT 1172488 24-MAY-14 2.8147E+14
3.创建standby logfile
SQL> alter database add standby logfile group 3 ('/opt/oracle/oradata/squan/stand_redo03.log') size 50m;
Database altered.
SQL> alter database add standby logfile group 4 ('/opt/oracle/oradata/squan/stand_redo04.log') size 50m;
Database altered.
SQL> alter database add standby logfile group 5 ('/opt/oracle/oradata/squan/stand_redo05.log') size 50m;
Database altered.
4.修改tnsname.ora
[oracle@11g1 admin]$ cat tnsnames.ora
# tnsnames.ora Network Configuration File: /opt/oracle/product/OraHome/network/admin/tnsnames.ora
# Generated by Oracle configuration tools.
SQUAN =
(DESCRIPTION =
(ADDRESS = (PROTOCOL = TCP)(HOST = 11g1)(PORT = 1521))
(CONNECT_DATA =
(SERVER = DEDICATED)
(SERVICE_NAME = squan)
)
)
11g2=
(DESCRIPTION =
(ADDRESS = (PROTOCOL = TCP)(HOST = 11g2)(PORT = 1521))
(CONNECT_DATA =
(SERVER = DEDICATED)
(SERVICE_NAME = suq)
)
)
11g1=
(DESCRIPTION =
(ADDRESS = (PROTOCOL = TCP)(HOST = 11g1)(PORT = 1521))
(CONNECT_DATA =
(SERVER = DEDICATED)
(SERVICE_NAME = squan)
)
)
5.修改standby的相关参数
SQL> alter system set log_archive_config='dg_config=(squan,suq)' scope=both; --罗列dg中的所有的db_unique_name
System altered.
SQL> alter system set log_archive_dest_1='location=/opt/arch valid_for=(all_logfiles,all_roles) db_unique_name=squan' scope=both;
System altered.
SQL> alter system set log_archive_dest_2='service=11g2 lgwr async valid_for=(online_logfiles,primary_role) db_unique_name=suq' scope=both;
System altered.
SQL> alter system set fal_server=squan scope=both;
System altered.
SQL> alter system set fal_client=suq scope=both;
System altered.
SQL> show parameter db_name --如果db_name没有设置，那么需要设置，并且重启数据库生效
NAME TYPE VALUE
------------------------------------ ----------- ------------------------------
db_name string squan
二、备库的基本步骤
1.配置静态监听
2.配置密码文件
3.修改参数文件并启动实例到nomount
具体步骤如下：
1.配置静态监听
[oracle@11g2 admin]$ cat listener.ora
# listener.ora Network Configuration File: /opt/oracle/product/OraHome/network/admin/listener.ora
# Generated by Oracle configuration tools.
SID_LIST_LISTENER =
(SID_LIST =
(SID_DESC =
(SID_NAME = PLSExtProc)
(ORACLE_HOME = /opt/oracle/product/OraHome11204)
(PROGRAM = extproc)
)
(SID_DESC =
(SID_NAME = suq)
(ORACLE_HOME = /opt/oracle/product/OraHome11204)
(GLOBAL_DBNAME=suq)
)
)
LISTENER =
(DESCRIPTION_LIST =
(DESCRIPTION =
(ADDRESS = (PROTOCOL = TCP)(HOST = 11g2)(PORT = 1521))
)
)
ADR_BASE_LISTENER = /opt/oracle
[oracle@11g2 ~]$ lsnrctl status
LSNRCTL for Linux: Version 11.2.0.4.0 - Production on 24-5月 -2014 21:32:21
Copyright (c) 1991, 2013, Oracle. All rights reserved.
正在连接到 (DESCRIPTION=(ADDRESS=(PROTOCOL=TCP)(HOST=11g2)(PORT=1521)))
LISTENER 的 STATUS
------------------------
别名 LISTENER
版本 TNSLSNR for Linux: Version 11.2.0.4.0 - Production
启动日期 24-5月 -2014 18:58:46
正常运行时间 0 天 2 小时 33 分 35 秒
跟踪级别 off
安全性 ON: Local OS Authentication
SNMP OFF
监听程序参数文件 /opt/oracle/product/OraHome11204/network/admin/listener.ora
监听程序日志文件 /opt/oracle/diag/tnslsnr/11g2/listener/alert/log.xml
监听端点概要...
(DESCRIPTION=(ADDRESS=(PROTOCOL=tcp)(HOST=11g2)(PORT=1521)))
服务摘要..
服务 "PLSExtProc" 包含 1 个实例。
实例 "PLSExtProc", 状态 UNKNOWN, 包含此服务的 1 个处理程序...
服务 "suq" 包含 2 个实例。
实例 "suq", 状态 UNKNOWN, 包含此服务的 1 个处理程序...
实例 "suq", 状态 BLOCKED, 包含此服务的 1 个处理程序...
命令执行成功
2.配置密码文件，直接从主库拷贝然后改名 [oracle@11g2 dbs]$ scp 11g1:`pwd`/orapwsquan . The authenticity of host '11g1 (192.168.56.35)' can't be established. RSA key fingerprint is 73:56:4c:3a:01:3f:50:c8:d8:3a:5d:d5:21:00:6a:fe. Are you sure you want to continue connecting (yes/no)? yes Warning: Permanently added '11g1' (RSA) to the list of known hosts. oracle@11g1's password: orapwsquan 100% 2560 2.5KB/s 00:00 [oracle@11g2 dbs]$ mv orapwsquan orapwsuq <pre name="code" class="sql">3.修改参数文件并启动实例到nomount [oracle@11g2 dbs]$ cat initsuq.ora *.__db_cache_size=314572800 *.__java_pool_size=4194304 *.__large_pool_size=4194304 *.__oracle_base='/opt/oracle' #ORACLE_BASE set from environment *.__pga_aggregate_target=490733568 *.__sga_target=583008256 *.__shared_io_pool_size=0 *.__shared_pool_size=239075328 *.__streams_pool_size=8388608 *.audit_file_dest='/opt/oracle/admin/suq/adump' *.audit_trail='db' *.compatible='11.2.0.0.0' *.control_files='/opt/oracle/oradata/suq/control01.ctl','/opt/oracle/flash_recovery_area/squan/control02.ctl'#Restore Controlfile *.db_block_size=8192 *.db_domain='' *.db_name='squan' #db_name需要和主库一致 *.db_unique_name='suq' #db_unique_name必须不同 *.db_recovery_file_dest='/opt/oracle/flash_recovery_area' *.db_recovery_file_dest_size=5218762752 *.diagnostic_dest='/opt/oracle' *.fal_client='SUQ' *.fal_server='SQUAN' *.log_archive_config='dg_config=(squan,suq)' *.log_archive_dest_1='location=/opt/arch valid_for=(all_logfiles,all_roles) db_unique_name=suq' *.log_archive_dest_2='service=11g1 lgwr async valid_for=(online_logfiles,primary_role) db_unique_name=squan' *.memory_target=1073741824 *.open_cursors=300 *.processes=150 *.remote_login_passwordfile='EXCLUSIVE' *.undo_tablespace='UNDOTBS1' *.db_file_name_convert='/opt/oracle/oradata/squan','/opt/oracle/oradata/suq' #设置数据文件名字转换 *.log_file_name_convert='/opt/oracle/oradata/squan','/opt/oracle/oradata/suq' #设置日志文件名字转换 *.standby_file_management='AUTO' #文件自动管理
[oracle@11g2 dbs]$ export ORACLE_SID=suq [oracle@11g2 dbs]$ sqlplus / as sysdba SQL*Plus: Release 11.2.0.4.0 Production on 星期六 5月 24 21:30:45 2014 Copyright (c) 1982, 2013, Oracle. All rights reserved. 已连接到空闲例程。 SQL> startup nomount pfile='initsuq.ora' ORACLE 例程已经启动。 Total System Global Area 1068937216 bytes Fixed Size 2260088 bytes Variable Size 746587016 bytes Database Buffers 314572800 bytes Redo Buffers 5517312 bytes SQL> exit
三、使用duplicate创建standby database
在源端rman连接源库和备库，发起duplicate：
[oracle@11g1 admin]$ rman target /
Recovery Manager: Release 11.2.0.4.0 - Production on Sat May 24 21:50:04 2014
Copyright (c) 1982, 2011, Oracle and/or its affiliates. All rights reserved.
connected to target database: SQUAN (DBID=3808450041)
RMAN> connect auxiliary sys/manager@11g2
connected to auxiliary database: SQUAN (not mounted)
RMAN> duplicate target database for standby from active database;
Starting Duplicate Db at 24-MAY-14
using target database control file instead of recovery catalog
allocated channel: ORA_AUX_DISK_1
channel ORA_AUX_DISK_1: SID=134 device type=DISK
contents of Memory Script:
{
backup as copy reuse
targetfile '/opt/oracle/product/OraHome11204/dbs/orapwsquan' auxiliary format
'/opt/oracle/product/OraHome11204/dbs/orapwsuq' ;
}
executing Memory Script
Starting backup at 24-MAY-14
allocated channel: ORA_DISK_1
channel ORA_DISK_1: SID=26 device type=DISK
Finished backup at 24-MAY-14
contents of Memory Script:
{
backup as copy current controlfile for standby auxiliary format '/opt/oracle/oradata/suq/control01.ctl';
restore clone controlfile to '/opt/oracle/flash_recovery_area/squan/control02.ctl' from
'/opt/oracle/oradata/suq/control01.ctl';
}
executing Memory Script
Starting backup at 24-MAY-14
using channel ORA_DISK_1
channel ORA_DISK_1: starting datafile copy
copying standby control file
output file name=/opt/oracle/product/OraHome11204/dbs/snapcf_squan.f tag=TAG20140524T215011 RECID=7 STAMP=848440211
channel ORA_DISK_1: datafile copy complete, elapsed time: 00:00:03
Finished backup at 24-MAY-14
Starting restore at 24-MAY-14
using channel ORA_AUX_DISK_1
channel ORA_AUX_DISK_1: copied control file copy
Finished restore at 24-MAY-14
contents of Memory Script:
{
sql clone 'alter database mount standby database';
}
executing Memory Script
sql statement: alter database mount standby database
contents of Memory Script:
{
set newname for tempfile 1 to
"/opt/oracle/oradata/suq/temp01.dbf";
switch clone tempfile all;
set newname for datafile 1 to
"/opt/oracle/oradata/suq/system01.dbf";
set newname for datafile 2 to
"/opt/oracle/oradata/suq/sysaux01.dbf";
set newname for datafile 3 to
"/opt/oracle/oradata/suq/undotbs01.dbf";
set newname for datafile 4 to
"/opt/oracle/oradata/suq/users01.dbf";
set newname for datafile 5 to
"/opt/oracle/oradata/suq/test02.dbf";
set newname for datafile 6 to
"/opt/oracle/oradata/suq/test01.dbf";
backup as copy reuse
datafile 1 auxiliary format
"/opt/oracle/oradata/suq/system01.dbf" datafile
2 auxiliary format
"/opt/oracle/oradata/suq/sysaux01.dbf" datafile
3 auxiliary format
"/opt/oracle/oradata/suq/undotbs01.dbf" datafile
4 auxiliary format
"/opt/oracle/oradata/suq/users01.dbf" datafile
5 auxiliary format
"/opt/oracle/oradata/suq/test02.dbf" datafile
6 auxiliary format
"/opt/oracle/oradata/suq/test01.dbf" ;
sql 'alter system archive log current';
}
executing Memory Script
executing command: SET NEWNAME
renamed tempfile 1 to /opt/oracle/oradata/suq/temp01.dbf in control file
executing command: SET NEWNAME
executing command: SET NEWNAME
executing command: SET NEWNAME
executing command: SET NEWNAME
executing command: SET NEWNAME
executing command: SET NEWNAME
Starting backup at 24-MAY-14
using channel ORA_DISK_1
channel ORA_DISK_1: starting datafile copy
input datafile file number=00001 name=/opt/oracle/oradata/squan/system01.dbf
output file name=/opt/oracle/oradata/suq/system01.dbf tag=TAG20140524T215020
channel ORA_DISK_1: datafile copy complete, elapsed time: 00:01:05
channel ORA_DISK_1: starting datafile copy
input datafile file number=00002 name=/opt/oracle/oradata/squan/sysaux01.dbf
output file name=/opt/oracle/oradata/suq/sysaux01.dbf tag=TAG20140524T215020
channel ORA_DISK_1: datafile copy complete, elapsed time: 00:00:55
channel ORA_DISK_1: starting datafile copy
input datafile file number=00003 name=/opt/oracle/oradata/squan/undotbs01.dbf
output file name=/opt/oracle/oradata/suq/undotbs01.dbf tag=TAG20140524T215020
channel ORA_DISK_1: datafile copy complete, elapsed time: 00:00:25
channel ORA_DISK_1: starting datafile copy
input datafile file number=00004 name=/opt/oracle/oradata/squan/users01.dbf
output file name=/opt/oracle/oradata/suq/users01.dbf tag=TAG20140524T215020
channel ORA_DISK_1: datafile copy complete, elapsed time: 00:00:25
channel ORA_DISK_1: starting datafile copy
input datafile file number=00005 name=/opt/oracle/oradata/squan/test02.dbf
output file name=/opt/oracle/oradata/suq/test02.dbf tag=TAG20140524T215020
channel ORA_DISK_1: datafile copy complete, elapsed time: 00:00:03
channel ORA_DISK_1: starting datafile copy
input datafile file number=00006 name=/opt/oracle/oradata/squan/test01.dbf
output file name=/opt/oracle/oradata/suq/test01.dbf tag=TAG20140524T215020
channel ORA_DISK_1: datafile copy complete, elapsed time: 00:00:03
Finished backup at 24-MAY-14
sql statement: alter system archive log current
contents of Memory Script:
{
switch clone datafile all;
}
executing Memory Script
datafile 1 switched to datafile copy
input datafile copy RECID=7 STAMP=848440398 file name=/opt/oracle/oradata/suq/system01.dbf
datafile 2 switched to datafile copy
input datafile copy RECID=8 STAMP=848440398 file name=/opt/oracle/oradata/suq/sysaux01.dbf
datafile 3 switched to datafile copy
input datafile copy RECID=9 STAMP=848440398 file name=/opt/oracle/oradata/suq/undotbs01.dbf
datafile 4 switched to datafile copy
input datafile copy RECID=10 STAMP=848440398 file name=/opt/oracle/oradata/suq/users01.dbf
datafile 5 switched to datafile copy
input datafile copy RECID=11 STAMP=848440398 file name=/opt/oracle/oradata/suq/test02.dbf
datafile 6 switched to datafile copy
input datafile copy RECID=12 STAMP=848440398 file name=/opt/oracle/oradata/suq/test01.dbf
Finished Duplicate Db at 24-MAY-14
四、开启standby日志应用
duplicate完成之后备库数据库启动到mount阶段，这时候就可以开启应用日志，最后再重启打开到read only并应用日志：
SQL> select status from v$Instance; STATUS ------------ MOUNTED SQL> select database_role from v$database; DATABASE_ROLE ---------------- PHYSICAL STANDBY SQL> alter database recover managed standby database disconnect from session; 数据库已更改。 SQL> alter database open read only; alter database open read only * 第 1 行出现错误: ORA-10456: cannot open standby database; media recovery session may be in progress SQL> alter database recover managed standby database cancel; 数据库已更改。 SQL> alter database open read only; 数据库已更改。 SQL> alter database recover managed standby database disconnect from session; 数据库已更改。
查看主库日志传输状态：
SQL> SELECT dest_id,dest_name,status,target,destination,ERROR,db_unique_name FROM v$archive_dest WHERE ROWNUM<3;
DEST_ID DEST_NAME STATUS TARGET DESTINATION ERROR DB_UN
------- -------------------- --------- ------- --------------- ---------- -----
1 LOG_ARCHIVE_DEST_1 VALID PRIMARY /opt/arch squan
2 LOG_ARCHIVE_DEST_2 VALID STANDBY 11g2 suq
查看角色和打开模式：
SQL> select DATABASE_ROLE,PROTECTION_MODE,open_mode from v$database;
DATABASE_ROLE PROTECTION_MODE OPEN_MODE
---------------- -------------------- --------------------
PHYSICAL STANDBY MAXIMUM PERFORMANCE READ ONLY WITH APPLY
开启应用：
SQL> alter database recover managed standby database disconnect from session;
开启实时应用：
SQL>recover managed standby database using current logfile disconnect from session;
关闭应用：
SQL> alter database recover managed standby database cancel;
查看是否有gap:
SQL>SELECT * FROM v$archive_gap;
查看归档日志是否被应用：
SQL>SELECT NAME,thread#,sequence#,first_time,next_time,applied FROM v$archived_log ORDER BY 1,2;
fail over:
SQL> alter database recover managed standby database finish ;
SQL> alter database recover managed standby database finish force;
SQL> alter database commit to switchover to primary;
standby进程状态：
SQL>SELECT pid, PROCESS, STATUS, THREAD#, SEQUENCE#, BLOCK#, BLOCKS FROM V$MANAGED_STANDBY where process='RFS' or process='MRP0';