1,对Imageview使用setTag()方法来解决图片错位问题,这个Tag中设置的是图片的url,然后在加载的时候取得这个url和要加载那position中的url对比,如果不相同就加载,相同就是复用以前的就不加载了
2,对于要加载的图片资源,先在内存缓存中找(原始的方法是使用SoftRefrence,最新的方法是使用android提供的Lrucache),如果找不到,则在本地缓存(可以使用DiskLrucache类)中找(也就是读取原先下载过的本地图片),还找不到,就开启异步线程去下载图片,下载以后,保存在本地,内存缓存也保留一份引用
3,在为imagview装载图片时,先测量需要的图片大小,按比例缩放
4,使用一个Map保存异步线程的引用,key->value为url->AsyncTask,这样可以避免已经开启了线程去加载图片,但是还没有加载完时,又重复开启线程去加载图片的情况
5,在快速滑动的时候不加载图片,取消所有图片加载线程,一旦停下来,继续可见图片的加载线程
下面都是我摘取的网上的一些例子,我分别介绍它们来说明上述的优化思路
第一个例子:
- public class MemoryCache {
-
- private static final String TAG = "MemoryCache";
-
-
-
- private Map<String, Bitmap> cache = Collections
- .synchronizedMap(new LinkedHashMap<String, Bitmap>(10, 1.5f, true));
-
- private long size = 0;
-
- private long limit = 1000000;
-
- public MemoryCache() {
-
- setLimit(Runtime.getRuntime().maxMemory() / 4);
- }
-
- public void setLimit(long new_limit) {
- limit = new_limit;
- Log.i(TAG, "MemoryCache will use up to " + limit / 1024. / 1024. + "MB");
- }
-
- public Bitmap get(String id) {
- try {
- if (!cache.containsKey(id))
- return null;
- return cache.get(id);
- } catch (NullPointerException ex) {
- return null;
- }
- }
-
- public void put(String id, Bitmap bitmap) {
- try {
- if (cache.containsKey(id))
- size -= getSizeInBytes(cache.get(id));
- cache.put(id, bitmap);
- size += getSizeInBytes(bitmap);
- checkSize();
- } catch (Throwable th) {
- th.printStackTrace();
- }
- }
-
-
-
-
-
- private void checkSize() {
- Log.i(TAG, "cache size=" + size + " length=" + cache.size());
- if (size > limit) {
-
- Iterator<Entry<String, Bitmap>> iter = cache.entrySet().iterator();
- while (iter.hasNext()) {
- Entry<String, Bitmap> entry = iter.next();
- size -= getSizeInBytes(entry.getValue());
- iter.remove();
- if (size <= limit)
- break;
- }
- Log.i(TAG, "Clean cache. New size " + cache.size());
- }
- }
-
- public void clear() {
- cache.clear();
- }
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
- long getSizeInBytes(Bitmap bitmap) {
- if (bitmap == null)
- return 0;
- return bitmap.getRowBytes() * bitmap.getHeight();
- }
- }
也可以使用SoftReference,代码会简单很多,但是我推荐上面的方法。
- public class MemoryCache {
-
- private Map<String, SoftReference<Bitmap>> cache = Collections
- .synchronizedMap(new HashMap<String, SoftReference<Bitmap>>());
-
- public Bitmap get(String id) {
- if (!cache.containsKey(id))
- return null;
- SoftReference<Bitmap> ref = cache.get(id);
- return ref.get();
- }
-
- public void put(String id, Bitmap bitmap) {
- cache.put(id, new SoftReference<Bitmap>(bitmap));
- }
-
- public void clear() {
- cache.clear();
- }
-
- }
下面是文件缓存类的代码FileCache.java:
- public class FileCache {
-
- private File cacheDir;
-
- public FileCache(Context context) {
-
-
- if (android.os.Environment.getExternalStorageState().equals(
- android.os.Environment.MEDIA_MOUNTED))
- cacheDir = new File(
- android.os.Environment.getExternalStorageDirectory(),
- "LazyList");
- else
- cacheDir = context.getCacheDir();
- if (!cacheDir.exists())
- cacheDir.mkdirs();
- }
-
- public File getFile(String url) {
-
- String filename = String.valueOf(url.hashCode());
-
-
- File f = new File(cacheDir, filename);
- return f;
-
- }
-
- public void clear() {
- File[] files = cacheDir.listFiles();
- if (files == null)
- return;
- for (File f : files)
- f.delete();
- }
-
- }
最后最重要的加载图片的类,ImageLoader.java:
- public class ImageLoader {
-
- MemoryCache memoryCache = new MemoryCache();
- FileCache fileCache;
- private Map<ImageView, String> imageViews = Collections
- .synchronizedMap(new WeakHashMap<ImageView, String>());
-
- ExecutorService executorService;
-
- public ImageLoader(Context context) {
- fileCache = new FileCache(context);
- executorService = Executors.newFixedThreadPool(5);
- }
-
-
- final int stub_id = R.drawable.stub;
-
-
- public void DisplayImage(String url, ImageView imageView) {
- imageViews.put(imageView, url);
-
-
- Bitmap bitmap = memoryCache.get(url);
- if (bitmap != null)
- imageView.setImageBitmap(bitmap);
- else {
-
- queuePhoto(url, imageView);
- imageView.setImageResource(stub_id);
- }
- }
-
- private void queuePhoto(String url, ImageView imageView) {
- PhotoToLoad p = new PhotoToLoad(url, imageView);
- executorService.submit(new PhotosLoader(p));
- }
-
- private Bitmap getBitmap(String url) {
- File f = fileCache.getFile(url);
-
-
- Bitmap b = decodeFile(f);
- if (b != null)
- return b;
-
-
- try {
- Bitmap bitmap = null;
- URL imageUrl = new URL(url);
- HttpURLConnection conn = (HttpURLConnection) imageUrl
- .openConnection();
- conn.setConnectTimeout(30000);
- conn.setReadTimeout(30000);
- conn.setInstanceFollowRedirects(true);
- InputStream is = conn.getInputStream();
- OutputStream os = new FileOutputStream(f);
- CopyStream(is, os);
- os.close();
- bitmap = decodeFile(f);
- return bitmap;
- } catch (Exception ex) {
- ex.printStackTrace();
- return null;
- }
- }
-
-
- private Bitmap decodeFile(File f) {
- try {
-
- BitmapFactory.Options o = new BitmapFactory.Options();
- o.inJustDecodeBounds = true;
- BitmapFactory.decodeStream(new FileInputStream(f), null, o);
-
-
- final int REQUIRED_SIZE = 70;
- int width_tmp = o.outWidth, height_tmp = o.outHeight;
- int scale = 1;
- while (true) {
- if (width_tmp / 2 < REQUIRED_SIZE
- || height_tmp / 2 < REQUIRED_SIZE)
- break;
- width_tmp /= 2;
- height_tmp /= 2;
- scale *= 2;
- }
-
-
- BitmapFactory.Options o2 = new BitmapFactory.Options();
- o2.inSampleSize = scale;
- return BitmapFactory.decodeStream(new FileInputStream(f), null, o2);
- } catch (FileNotFoundException e) {
- }
- return null;
- }
-
-
- private class PhotoToLoad {
- public String url;
- public ImageView imageView;
-
- public PhotoToLoad(String u, ImageView i) {
- url = u;
- imageView = i;
- }
- }
-
- class PhotosLoader implements Runnable {
- PhotoToLoad photoToLoad;
-
- PhotosLoader(PhotoToLoad photoToLoad) {
- this.photoToLoad = photoToLoad;
- }
-
- @Override
- public void run() {
- if (imageViewReused(photoToLoad))
- return;
- Bitmap bmp = getBitmap(photoToLoad.url);
- memoryCache.put(photoToLoad.url, bmp);
- if (imageViewReused(photoToLoad))
- return;
- BitmapDisplayer bd = new BitmapDisplayer(bmp, photoToLoad);
-
- Activity a = (Activity) photoToLoad.imageView.getContext();
- a.runOnUiThread(bd);
- }
- }
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
- boolean imageViewReused(PhotoToLoad photoToLoad) {
- String tag = imageViews.get(photoToLoad.imageView);
- if (tag == null || !tag.equals(photoToLoad.url))
- return true;
- return false;
- }
-
-
- class BitmapDisplayer implements Runnable {
- Bitmap bitmap;
- PhotoToLoad photoToLoad;
-
- public BitmapDisplayer(Bitmap b, PhotoToLoad p) {
- bitmap = b;
- photoToLoad = p;
- }
-
- public void run() {
- if (imageViewReused(photoToLoad))
- return;
- if (bitmap != null)
- photoToLoad.imageView.setImageBitmap(bitmap);
- else
- photoToLoad.imageView.setImageResource(stub_id);
- }
- }
-
- public void clearCache() {
- memoryCache.clear();
- fileCache.clear();
- }
-
- public static void CopyStream(InputStream is, OutputStream os) {
- final int buffer_size = 1024;
- try {
- byte[] bytes = new byte[buffer_size];
- for (;;) {
- int count = is.read(bytes, 0, buffer_size);
- if (count == -1)
- break;
- os.write(bytes, 0, count);
- }
- } catch (Exception ex) {
- }
- }
- }
上面代码的思路是这样的,首先是一个MemoryCache类,用来缓存图片应用到内存。这个类包含一个Collectiosn.synchronizedMap(new LinkedHashMap<String,Bitmap>(10,1.5f,true))对象,这个对象就是用来保存url和对应的bitmap的,也就是缓存,最后一个参数设置为true的原因,是代表这个map里的元素将按照最近使用次数由少到多排列,即LRU。这样的好处是如果要将缓存中的元素替换,则先遍历出最近最少使用的元素来替换以提高效率 。
另外设置一个缓存的最大值limit,和一个初始值size=0。每次添加图片缓存,Size就增加相应大小,如果增加以后大小超过limit,就遍历LinkedHashMap清楚使用次数最少的缓存,同时减小size值,直到size<limit。
作者还举了一个使用SoftReference的例子,这样做的好处是android会自动替我们回收适当的bitmap缓存。
接下来是文件缓存,如果有SD卡则在SD卡中建一个LazyList的目录存放缓存的图片,没有SD卡就放在系统的缓存目录中,将url的hashCode作为缓存的文件名。这个类只是根据url名创建并返回了一个File类,没有真正的缓存图片,图片缓存在ImageLoader类中,不过这个类要获取FileCache返回的File来做FileOutputStream的目的地.
最后是负责的ImageLoader,这个类有一个线程池,用于管理下载线程。另外有一个WeakHashMap<ImageView, String>用于保存imageview引用和记录Tag,用于图片更新。它先检查缓存,没有则开启一个线程去下载,下载以后图片保存到缓存(内存,文件),然后缩放图像比例,返回一个合适大小的bitmap,最后开启一个线程去跟新UI(方式是imagview.getContext()获取对应的context,然后context调用runOnUIThread()方法)。
另外,在下载线程开启前,图片下载完成后,跟新UI前,都通过WeakHashMap<ImageView, String>获取下载图片的Tag与对应要设置图片imageview的tag比较,防止图片错位。
上述代码完成了基本的优化思路,甚至使用了一个自己定义的缓存类MemoryCache,使管理变得更加清晰,同时有文件缓存,也通过imagview->url的方式避免了图片错位,还开启了异步线程下载图片,但是又开启了一个UI线程去跟新UI。
缺点是开启了UI线程去更新UI,浪费了资源,其实这个可以使用定义一个回调接口实现。另外也没有考虑到重复开启下载线程的问题。
第二个例子:
先贴上主方法的代码:
- package cn.wangmeng.test;
-
- import java.io.IOException;
- import java.io.InputStream;
- import java.lang.ref.SoftReference;
- import java.net.MalformedURLException;
- import java.net.URL;
- import java.util.HashMap;
-
- import android.graphics.drawable.Drawable;
- import android.os.Handler;
- import android.os.Message;
-
- public class AsyncImageLoader {
-
- private HashMap<String, SoftReference<Drawable>> imageCache;
-
- public AsyncImageLoader() {
- imageCache = new HashMap<String, SoftReference<Drawable>>();
- }
-
- public Drawable loadDrawable(final String imageUrl, final ImageCallback imageCallback) {
- if (imageCache.containsKey(imageUrl)) {
- SoftReference<Drawable> softReference = imageCache.get(imageUrl);
- Drawable drawable = softReference.get();
- if (drawable != null) {
- return drawable;
- }
- }
- final Handler handler = new Handler() {
- public void handleMessage(Message message) {
- imageCallback.imageLoaded((Drawable) message.obj, imageUrl);
- }
- };
- new Thread() {
- @Override
- public void run() {
- Drawable drawable = loadImageFromUrl(imageUrl);
- imageCache.put(imageUrl, new SoftReference<Drawable>(drawable));
- Message message = handler.obtainMessage(0, drawable);
- handler.sendMessage(message);
- }
- }.start();
- return null;
- }
-
- public static Drawable loadImageFromUrl(String url) {
- URL m;
- InputStream i = null;
- try {
- m = new URL(url);
- i = (InputStream) m.getContent();
- } catch (MalformedURLException e1) {
- e1.printStackTrace();
- } catch (IOException e) {
- e.printStackTrace();
- }
- Drawable d = Drawable.createFromStream(i, "src");
- return d;
- }
-
- public interface ImageCallback {
- public void imageLoaded(Drawable imageDrawable, String imageUrl);
- }
-
- }
以上代码是实现异步获取图片的主方法,SoftReference是软引用,是为了更好的为了系统回收变量,重复的URL直接返回已有的资源,实现回调函数,让数据成功后,更新到UI线程。
几个辅助类文件:
- package cn.wangmeng.test;
-
- public class ImageAndText {
- private String imageUrl;
- private String text;
-
- public ImageAndText(String imageUrl, String text) {
- this.imageUrl = imageUrl;
- this.text = text;
- }
- public String getImageUrl() {
- return imageUrl;
- }
- public String getText() {
- return text;
- }
- }
- package cn.wangmeng.test;
-
- import android.view.View;
- import android.widget.ImageView;
- import android.widget.TextView;
-
- public class ViewCache {
-
- private View baseView;
- private TextView textView;
- private ImageView imageView;
-
- public ViewCache(View baseView) {
- this.baseView = baseView;
- }
-
- public TextView getTextView() {
- if (textView == null) {
- textView = (TextView) baseView.findViewById(R.id.text);
- }
- return textView;
- }
-
- public ImageView getImageView() {
- if (imageView == null) {
- imageView = (ImageView) baseView.findViewById(R.id.image);
- }
- return imageView;
- }
-
- }
ViewCache是辅助获取adapter的子元素布局
- package cn.wangmeng.test;
-
- import java.util.List;
-
- import cn.wangmeng.test.AsyncImageLoader.ImageCallback;
-
- import android.app.Activity;
- import android.graphics.drawable.Drawable;
- import android.view.LayoutInflater;
- import android.view.View;
- import android.view.ViewGroup;
- import android.widget.ArrayAdapter;
- import android.widget.ImageView;
- import android.widget.ListView;
- import android.widget.TextView;
-
- public class ImageAndTextListAdapter extends ArrayAdapter<ImageAndText> {
-
- private ListView listView;
- private AsyncImageLoader asyncImageLoader;
-
- public ImageAndTextListAdapter(Activity activity, List<ImageAndText> imageAndTexts, ListView listView) {
- super(activity, 0, imageAndTexts);
- this.listView = listView;
- asyncImageLoader = new AsyncImageLoader();
- }
-
- public View getView(int position, View convertView, ViewGroup parent) {
- Activity activity = (Activity) getContext();
-
-
- View rowView = convertView;
- ViewCache viewCache;
- if (rowView == null) {
- LayoutInflater inflater = activity.getLayoutInflater();
- rowView = inflater.inflate(R.layout.image_and_text_row, null);
- viewCache = new ViewCache(rowView);
- rowView.setTag(viewCache);
- } else {
- viewCache = (ViewCache) rowView.getTag();
- }
- ImageAndText imageAndText = getItem(position);
-
-
- String imageUrl = imageAndText.getImageUrl();
- ImageView imageView = viewCache.getImageView();
- imageView.setTag(imageUrl);
- Drawable cachedImage = asyncImageLoader.loadDrawable(imageUrl, new ImageCallback() {
- public void imageLoaded(Drawable imageDrawable, String imageUrl) {
- ImageView imageViewByTag = (ImageView) listView.findViewWithTag(imageUrl);
- if (imageViewByTag != null) {
- imageViewByTag.setImageDrawable(imageDrawable);
- }
- }
- });
- if (cachedImage == null) {
- imageView.setImageResource(R.drawable.default_image);
- }else{
- imageView.setImageDrawable(cachedImage);
- }
-
- TextView textView = viewCache.getTextView();
- textView.setText(imageAndText.getText());
-
- return rowView;
- }
-
- }
上述代码的思路是这样的:AsyncImageLoader类里面,使用了一个HashMap<String, SoftReference<Drawable>>用来缓存,然后有一个异步下载线程,还有一个方法内部的handler,线程下载完成后,会发消息给handler,然后handler调用回调接口imageCallback的imageLoaded()方法,这个方法是在adapter里面实现的,所以也就是在主线程跟新UI了。
而ViewCache类的作用其实就是ViewHolder,ImageAndText是一个bean类。
在adapter中,使用mageView.setTag(imageUrl)为imageview提供一个唯一标识Url,所以先图片下载完成以后,imageCallback的imageLoaded()方法中,就可以调用listview的findViewWithTag(imageUrl)来找到对应的imageview,从而不用担心错误的问题,这个方法比较巧妙。
缺点是没有实现文件缓存,另外也没有解决出现多个线程下载同一张图片的问题。