oracle11g如何将dataguard的主库数据恢复到oracle单机实例？
需要将dataguard的主库数据恢复到oracle单机实例中，所以记录下详细过程
1，从线上重新拉一个参数文件出来，copy到测试环境
SQL> create pfile='/oracle/pfile01.ora'from spfile;
File created.
SQL>
然后根据复制来的参数文件再在测试库上建立spfile
create spfile frompfile='/data/pfile01.ora';
SQL> create spfile frompfile='/data/impdp/pfile01.ora';
File created.
SQL> 然后将测试库启动到nomount
SQL> startup nomount
ORA-00845: MEMORY_TARGET not supported onthis system
SQL>
2，恢复控制文件
restore controlfile to ‘/home/oradata/orcstu/control01.ctl’ from’/data/impdp/c-3391761643-20151126-01’
RMAN> restore controlfile to '/home/oradata/orcstu/control01.ctl' from'/data/impdp/c-3391761643-20151126-01'
2> ;
Starting restore at 26-NOV-15
using channel ORA_DISK_1
channel ORA_DISK_1: restoring control file
channel ORA_DISK_1: restore complete, elapsed time: 00:00:01
Finished restore at 26-NOV-15
RMAN>
RMAN> restore controlfile to '/oracle/app/oracle/flash_recovery_area/orcstu/control02.ctl' from '/data/impdp/c-3391761643-20151126-01';
Starting restore at 26-NOV-15
using channel ORA_DISK_1
channel ORA_DISK_1: restoring control file
channel ORA_DISK_1: restore complete, elapsed time: 00:00:01
Finished restore at 26-NOV-15
RMAN> 3，注册归档
要将db状态改成mount才行
RMAN> alter database mount;
database mounted
released channel: ORA_DISK_1
RMAN> 在新控制文件中注册数据文件备份和归档备份
catalog start with'/data/impdp/2015-11-26/';
RMAN> catalog start with'/data/impdp/2015-11-26/';
Starting implicit crosscheck backup at 26-NOV-15
allocated channel: ORA_DISK_1
channel ORA_DISK_1: SID=767 device type=DISK
Crosschecked 97 objects
Finished implicit crosscheck backup at 26-NOV-15
Starting implicit crosscheck copy at 26-NOV-15
using channel ORA_DISK_1
Crosschecked 2 objects
Finished implicit crosscheck copy at 26-NOV-15
searching for all files in the recovery area
cataloging files...
no files cataloged
searching for all files that match the pattern /data/impdp/2015-11-26/
List of Files Unknown to the Database
=====================================
File Name: /data/impdp/2015-11-26/rman_backup.log
File Name: /data/impdp/2015-11-26/arch_orcstu_20151126_5036.bak
File Name: /data/impdp/2015-11-26/full_orcstu_20151126_5037.bak
File Name: /data/impdp/2015-11-26/arch_orcstu_20151126_5038.bak
Do you really want to catalog the above files (enter YES or NO)? YES
cataloging files...
cataloging done
List of Cataloged Files
=======================
File Name: /data/impdp/2015-11-26/arch_orcstu_20151126_5036.bak
File Name: /data/impdp/2015-11-26/full_orcstu_20151126_5037.bak
File Name: /data/impdp/2015-11-26/arch_orcstu_20151126_5038.bak
List of Files Which Where Not Cataloged
=======================================
File Name: /data/impdp/2015-11-26/rman_backup.log
RMAN-07517: Reason: The file header is corrupted
RMAN> 4，开始恢复整个库
因为前面恢复了整个spfile已经controlfile，所以接下来恢复所有库的话，就不用带参数，直接恢复restore database就可以 ;
RMAN> restore database;
Starting restore at 26-NOV-15
using channel ORA_DISK_1
channel ORA_DISK_1: starting datafile backup set restore
channel ORA_DISK_1: specifying datafile(s) to restore from backup set
channel ORA_DISK_1: restoring datafile 00001 to /home/oradata/orcstu/system01.dbf
channel ORA_DISK_1: restoring datafile 00002 to /home/oradata/orcstu/sysaux01.dbf
channel ORA_DISK_1: restoring datafile 00003 to /home/oradata/orcstu/undotbs01.dbf
channel ORA_DISK_1: restoring datafile 00004 to /home/oradata/orcstu/users01.dbf
channel ORA_DISK_1: restoring datafile 00005 to /home/oradata/orcstu/orcstuk01.dbf
channel ORA_DISK_1: restoring datafile 00006 to /home/oradata/orcstu/plas01.dbf
channel ORA_DISK_1: restoring datafile 00007 to /home/oradata/orcstu/pl01.dbf
channel ORA_DISK_1: restoring datafile 00008 to /home/oradata/orcstu/help01.dbf
channel ORA_DISK_1: restoring datafile 00009 to /home/oradata/orcstu/adobelc01.dbf
channel ORA_DISK_1: restoring datafile 00010 to /home/oradata/orcstu/sms01.dbf
channel ORA_DISK_1: restoring datafile 00011 to /home/oradata/orcstu/plcrm01.dbf
channel ORA_DISK_1: restoring datafile 00012 to /home/oradata/orcstu/orcstuk02.dbf
channel ORA_DISK_1: restoring datafile 00013 to /home/oradata/orcstu/datagm01.dbf
channel ORA_DISK_1: reading from backup piece /data/impdp/2015-11-26/full_orcstu_20151126_5037.bak
channel ORA_DISK_1: piece handle=/data/impdp/2015-11-26/full_orcstu_20151126_5037.bak tag=TAG20151126T030008
channel ORA_DISK_1: restored backup piece 1
channel ORA_DISK_1: restore complete, elapsed time: 00:32:50
Finished restore at 26-NOV-15
RMAN> 5，recover数据库
RMAN> recover database;
Starting recover at 26-NOV-15
using channel ORA_DISK_1
starting media recovery
channel ORA_DISK_1: starting archived log restore to default destination
channel ORA_DISK_1: restoring archived log
archived log thread=1 sequence=39674
channel ORA_DISK_1: reading from backup piece /data/impdp/2015-11-26/arch_orcstu_20151126_5038.bak
channel ORA_DISK_1: piece handle=/data/impdp/2015-11-26/arch_orcstu_20151126_5038.bak tag=TAG20151126T032346
channel ORA_DISK_1: restored backup piece 1
channel ORA_DISK_1: restore complete, elapsed time: 00:00:03
archived log file name=/oracle/app/oracle/flash_recovery_area/archivelog1_39674_821708334.dbf thread=1 sequence=39674
unable to find archived log
archived log thread=1 sequence=39675
RMAN-00571: ===========================================================
RMAN-00569: =============== ERROR MESSAGE STACK FOLLOWS ===============
RMAN-00571: ===========================================================
RMAN-03002: failure of recover command at 11/26/2015 21:48:13
RMAN-06054: media recovery requesting unknown archived log for thread 1 with sequence 39675 and starting SCN of 11688009482
RMAN>
后台alert日志：
1 , 2 , 3 , 4 , 5 , 6 , 7 , 8 , 9 , 10 , 11 , 12 , 13
Completed: alter database recover datafile list
1 , 2 , 3 , 4 , 5 , 6 , 7 , 8 , 9 , 10 , 11 , 12 , 13
alter database recover if needed
start until cancel using backup controlfile
Media Recovery Start
started logmerger process
Parallel Media Recovery started with 4 slaves
ORA-279 signalled during: alter database recover if needed
start until cancel using backup controlfile
...
alter database recover logfile '/oracle/app/oracle/flash_recovery_area/archivelog1_39674_821708334.dbf'
Media Recovery Log /oracle/app/oracle/flash_recovery_area/archivelog1_39674_821708334.dbf
ORA-279 signalled during: alter database recover logfile '/oracle/app/oracle/flash_recovery_area/archivelog1_39674_821708334.dbf'...
Thu Nov 26 21:48:13 2015
alter database recover cancel
Media Recovery Canceled
Completed: alter database recover cancel可见，出先此错误的原因是恢复需要的归档日志记录在控制文件或恢复目录中找不到。解决方法分两种情况：
1.如果相关的日志存在且可用的话，就将此日志记录添加到控制文件或恢复目录中。
2.如果相关的日志已经被删除了或不可用了，那么就按照错误的提示scn将数据库恢复到此scn，这里是11688009482。也就是说此时数据库只能进行不完全恢复了，在打开数据库时得使用resetlogs打开。
这里就只恢复到11688009482这个scn点为止：
recover database until scn 11688009482;
RMAN> recover database until scn 11688009482;
Starting recover at 26-NOV-15
using channel ORA_DISK_1
starting media recovery
media recovery complete, elapsed time: 00:00:01
Finished recover at 26-NOV-15
RMAN> 6，打开数据库
RMAN> alter database open resetlogs;
database opened
RMAN>
修改密码
SQL> alter user orcstuk identified by "pd141287l118";
User altered.
SQL> exit
7，远程连接报错
C:\Users\Administrator>tnsping TEST2_180.60
TNS Ping Utility for 32-bit Windows: Version 11.2.0.1.0 - Production on 26-NOV-2
015 21:59:33
Copyright (c) 1997, 2010, Oracle. All rights reserved.
Used parameter files:
D:\app\Administrator\product\11.2.0\client_2\network\admin\sqlnet.ora
Used TNSNAMES adapter to resolve the alias
Attempting to contact (DESCRIPTION = (ADDRESS_LIST = (ADDRESS = (PROTOCOL = TCP)
(HOST = 12.18.10.6)(PORT = 1521))) (CONNECT_DATA = (SID = orcstu)))
TNS-12535: TNS:operation timed out
C:\Users\Administrator>解决方案：关闭oracle数据库的防火墙。
8，取消dg设置成单机oracle
看到后台不停的报错日志：
Error 12154 received logging on to the standby
Errors in file /oracle/app/oracle/diag/rdbms/pdunq/orcstu/trace/orcstu_arc2_13889.trc:
ORA-12154: TNS:could not resolve the connect identifier specified
PING[ARC2]: Heartbeat failed to connect to standby 'PD_DG'. Error is 12154.
Thu Nov 26 22:48:02 2015
Error 12154 received logging on to the standby
Errors in file /oracle/app/oracle/diag/rdbms/pdunq/orcstu/trace/orcstu_arc2_13889.trc:
ORA-12154: TNS:could not resolve the connect identifier specified
PING[ARC2]: Heartbeat failed to connect to standby 'PD_DG'. Error is 12154.
经过分析，是因为我的rman备份是从dg环境中的primary上获取的，备份的时候自然而然就带上了dg传输归档日志到standby的功能，所以将rman备份恢复到这台单机的时候，就会在dg归档日志传输的时候报错了，因为单机嘛。解决办法，关闭归档的日志传输，如下所示：
SQL> ALTER system SET log_archive_dest_state_2 ='defer';
System altered.
SQL> 这样就停止了oracle dg归档日志传输，后台不会再报错了。