维护常用sql

--查看表空间的名称及大小
--m
select t.tablespace_name, round(sum(bytes / (1024 * 1024)), 0) ts_size   
  from dba_tablespaces t, dba_data_files d   
where t.tablespace_name = d.tablespace_name   
group by t.tablespace_name;

--查看表空间物理文件的名称及大小
  select tablespace_name, file_id, file_name,
  round(bytes/(1024*1024),0) total_space
  from dba_data_files
  order by tablespace_name;
--查看回滚段名称及大小
  select segment_name, tablespace_name, r.status,
  (initial_extent/1024) InitialExtent,(next_extent/1024) NextExtent,
  max_extents, v.curext CurExtent
  From dba_rollback_segs r, v$rollstat v
  Where r.segment_id = v.usn(+)
  order by segment_name ;
--查看控制文件
  select name from v$controlfile;
--、查看日志文件
  select member from v$logfile;
--查看表空间的使用情况
  select sum(bytes)/(1024*1024) as free_space,tablespace_name
  from dba_free_space
  group by tablespace_name;
  SELECT A.TABLESPACE_NAME,A.BYTES TOTAL,B.BYTES USED, C.BYTES FREE,
  (B.BYTES*100)/A.BYTES "% USED",(C.BYTES*100)/A.BYTES "% FREE"
  FROM SYS.SM$TS_AVAIL A,SYS.SM$TS_USED B,SYS.SM$TS_FREE C
  WHERE A.TABLESPACE_NAME=B.TABLESPACE_NAME AND A.TABLESPACE_NAME=C.TABLESPACE_NAME;
--查看数据库库对象
  select owner, object_type, status, count(*) count# from all_objects group by owner, object_type, status;
--、查看数据库的版本
  Select version FROM Product_component_version
  Where SUBSTR(PRODUCT,1,6)='Oracle';
--、查看数据库的创建日期和归档方式
  Select Created, Log_Mode, Log_Mode From V$Database;
--、捕捉运行很久的SQL
  column username format a12
  column opname format a16
  column progress format a8
  select username,sid,opname,
  round(sofar*100 / totalwork,0) || '%' as progress,
  time_remaining,sql_text
  from v$session_longops , v$sql
  where time_remaining <> 0
  and sql_address = address
  and sql_hash_value = hash_value
  /

--、查看数据表的参数信息
  SELECT partition_name, high_value, high_value_length, tablespace_name,
  pct_free, pct_used, ini_trans, max_trans, initial_extent,
  next_extent, min_extent, max_extent, pct_increase, FREELISTS,
  freelist_groups, LOGGING, BUFFER_POOL, num_rows, blocks,
  empty_blocks, avg_space, chain_cnt, avg_row_len, sample_size,
  last_analyzed
  FROM dba_tab_partitions
  --WHERE table_name = :tname AND table_owner = :towner
  ORDER BY partition_position
--查看还没提交的事务
  select * from v$locked_object;
  select * from v$transaction;
--查找object为哪些进程所用
  select
  p.spid,
  s.sid,
  s.serial# serial_num,
  s.username user_name,
  a.type object_type,
  s.osuser os_user_name,
  a.owner,
  a.object object_name,
  decode(sign(48 - command),
  1,
  to_char(command), 'Action Code #' || to_char(command) ) action,
  p.program oracle_process,
  s.terminal terminal,
  s.program program,
  s.status session_status
  from v$session s, v$access a, v$process p
  where s.paddr = p.addr and
  s.type = 'USER' and
  a.sid = s.sid and
  a.object='SUBSCRIBER_ATTR'
  order by s.username, s.osuser

--耗资源的进程(top session)

select s.schemaname schema_name,
       decode(sign(48 - command),
              1,
                to_char(command),
              'Action Code #' || to_char(command)) action,
       status   session_status,
       s.osuser os_user_name,
       s.sid,
       p.spid,
       s.serial# serial_num,
         nvl(s.username, '[Oracle process]') user_name,
       s.terminal terminal,
         s.program program,
       st.value criteria_value
  from v$sesstat st,
       v$session s,
       v$process p   where st.sid = s.sid and st.statistic# = to_number('38') and ('ALL' = 'ALL'   or s.status = 'ALL') and p.addr = s.paddr
order by st.value desc, p.spid asc, s.username asc, s.osuser asc;



查看锁(lock)情况
  select /*+ RULE */ ls.osuser os_user_name, ls.username user_name,
  decode(ls.type, ’RW’, ’Row wait enqueue lock’, ’TM’, ’DML enqueue lock’, ’TX’,
  ’Transaction enqueue lock’, ’UL’, ’User supplied lock’) lock_type,
  o.object_name object, decode(ls.lmode, 1, null, 2, ’Row Share’, 3,
  ’Row Exclusive’, 4, ’Share’, 5, ’Share Row Exclusive’, 6, ’Exclusive’, null)
  lock_mode, o.owner, ls.sid, ls.serial# serial_num, ls.id1, ls.id2
  from sys.dba_objects o, ( select s.osuser, s.username, l.type,
  l.lmode, s.sid, s.serial#, l.id1, l.id2 from v$session s,
  v$lock l where s.sid = l.sid ) ls where o.object_id = ls.id1 and o.owner
  <> ’SYS’ order by o.owner, o.object_name
17、查看等待(wait)情况
  SELECT v$waitstat.class, v$waitstat.count count, SUM(v$sysstat.value) sum_value
  FROM v$waitstat, v$sysstat WHERE v$sysstat.name IN (’db block gets’,
  ’consistent gets’) group by v$waitstat.class, v$waitstat.count
18、查看sga情况
  SELECT NAME, BYTES FROM SYS.V_$SGASTAT ORDER BY NAME ASC
19、查看catched object
  SELECT owner, name, db_link, namespace,
  type, sharable_mem, loads, executions,
  locks, pins, kept FROM v$db_object_cache
20、查看V$SQLAREA
  SELECT SQL_TEXT, SHARABLE_MEM, PERSISTENT_MEM, RUNTIME_MEM, SORTS,
  VERSION_COUNT, LOADED_VERSIONS, OPEN_VERSIONS, USERS_OPENING, EXECUTIONS,
  USERS_EXECUTING, LOADS, FIRST_LOAD_TIME, INVALIDATIONS, PARSE_CALLS, DISK_READS,
  BUFFER_GETS, ROWS_PROCESSED FROM V$SQLAREA
  21、查看object分类数量
  select decode (o.type#,1,’INDEX’ , 2,’TABLE’ , 3 , ’CLUSTER’ , 4, ’VIEW’ , 5 ,
  ’SYNONYM’ , 6 , ’SEQUENCE’ , ’OTHER’ ) object_type , count(*) quantity from
  sys.obj$ o where o.type# > 1 group by decode (o.type#,1,’INDEX’ , 2,’TABLE’ , 3
  , ’CLUSTER’ , 4, ’VIEW’ , 5 , ’SYNONYM’ , 6 , ’SEQUENCE’ , ’OTHER’ ) union select
  ’COLUMN’ , count(*) from sys.col$ union select ’DB LINK’ , count(*) from
  22、按用户查看object种类
  select u.name schema, sum(decode(o.type#, 1, 1, NULL)) indexes,
  sum(decode(o.type#, 2, 1, NULL)) tables, sum(decode(o.type#, 3, 1, NULL))
  clusters, sum(decode(o.type#, 4, 1, NULL)) views, sum(decode(o.type#, 5, 1,
  NULL)) synonyms, sum(decode(o.type#, 6, 1, NULL)) sequences,
  sum(decode(o.type#, 1, NULL, 2, NULL, 3, NULL, 4, NULL, 5, NULL, 6, NULL, 1))
  others from sys.obj$ o, sys.user$ u where o.type# >= 1 and u.user# =
  o.owner# and u.name <> ’PUBLIC’ group by u.name order by
  sys.link$ union select ’CONSTRAINT’ , count(*) from sys.con$

23、有关connection的相关信息
  1)查看有哪些用户连接
  select s.osuser os_user_name, decode(sign(48 - command), 1, to_char(command),
  ’Action Code #’ || to_char(command) ) action, p.program oracle_process,
  status session_status, s.terminal terminal, s.program program,
  s.username user_name, s.fixed_table_sequence activity_meter, ’’ query,
  0 memory, 0 max_memory, 0 cpu_usage, s.sid, s.serial# serial_num
  from v$session s, v$process p where s.paddr=p.addr and s.type = ’USER’
  order by s.username, s.osuser
  2)根据v.sid查看对应连接的资源占用等情况
  select n.name,
  v.value,
  n.class,
  n.statistic#
  from v$statname n,
  v$sesstat v
  where v.sid = 71 and
  v.statistic# = n.statistic#
  order by n.class, n.statistic#
  3)根据sid查看对应连接正在运行的sql
  select /*+ PUSH_SUBQ */
  command_type,
  sql_text,
  sharable_mem,
  persistent_mem,
  runtime_mem,
  sorts,
  version_count,
  loaded_versions,
  open_versions,
  users_opening,
  executions,
  users_executing,
  loads,
  first_load_time,
  invalidations,
  parse_calls,
  disk_reads,
  buffer_gets,
  rows_processed,
  sysdate start_time,
  sysdate finish_time,
  ’>’ || address sql_address,
  ’N’ status
  from v$sqlarea
  where address = (select sql_address from v$session where sid = 71)
----、查询表空间使用情况
select a.tablespace_name "表空间名称",
         100 - round((nvl(b.bytes_free, 0) / a.bytes_alloc) * 100, 2) "占用率(%)",
         round(a.bytes_alloc / 1024 / 1024, 2) "容量(M)",
         round(nvl(b.bytes_free, 0) / 1024 / 1024, 2) "空闲(M)",
         round((a.bytes_alloc - nvl(b.bytes_free, 0)) / 1024 / 1024, 2) "使用(M)",
         Largest "最大扩展段(M)",
         to_char(sysdate, 'yyyy-mm-dd hh24:mi:ss') "采样时间"   from (select f.tablespace_name,
                                                                                   sum(f.bytes) bytes_alloc,
                                                                                   sum(decode(f.autoextensible,
                                                                                                'YES',
                                                                                                f.maxbytes,
                                                                                                'NO',
                                                                                                f.bytes)) maxbytes   from dba_data_files f   group by tablespace_name) a,
          (select f.tablespace_name,
                      sum(f.bytes) bytes_free   from dba_free_space f   group by tablespace_name) b,
          (select round(max(ff.length) * 16 / 1024, 2) Largest,
                      ts.name tablespace_name   from sys.fet$ ff,
                    sys.file$ tf,
                    sys.ts$ ts   where ts.ts# = ff.ts# and ff.file# = tf.relfile# and ts.ts# = tf.ts#   group by ts.name,
                    tf.blocks) c   where a.tablespace_name = b.tablespace_name and a.tablespace_name = c.tablespace_name;
--- 查询表空间的碎片程度
  select tablespace_name,count(tablespace_name) from dba_free_space group by tablespace_name
  having count(tablespace_name)>10;
  alter tablespace name coalesce;
  alter table name deallocate unused;
  create or replace view ts_blocks_v as
  select tablespace_name,block_id,bytes,blocks,'free space' segment_name from dba_free_space
  union all
  select tablespace_name,block_id,bytes,blocks,segment_name from dba_extents;
  select * from ts_blocks_v;
  select tablespace_name,sum(bytes),max(bytes),count(block_id) from dba_free_space
  group by tablespace_name;



---如何查看数据库中某用户,正在运行什么SQL语句?

SELECT SQL_TEXT FROM V$SQL_TEXT T, V$SESSION S WHERE T.ADDRESS=S.SQL_ADDRESS
  AND T.HASH_VALUE=S.SQL_HASH_VALUE
  AND S.MACHINE=’XXXXX’ OR USERNAME='XXXXX'

--(1) 查询oracle 的物理结构
--1.1. 查看数据文件
SQL> select name from v$datafile;
NAME
---------------------------------------------
/u05/dbf/PROD/system_01.dbf/u05/dbf/PROD/system_01.dbf  (系统数据文件)
/u06/dbf/PROD/temp_01.dbf    (临时数据文件)
/u04/dbf/PROD/users_01.dbf  (用户数据文件)
/u09/dbf/PROD/rbs_01.dbf     (回滚数据文件)
/u06/dbf/PROD/applsys_indx_01.dbf  (索引数据文件)
数据文件是ORACLE中最重要的物理文件

--1.2.查询控制文件信息
 SQL>select * from  V$Controlfile
--1.3  查看日志组
   SQL>select * from V$Log
--1.4.  查看具体的日志成员文件
 SQL>select * from  v$logfile
---1.5  通过以下SQL 找到 报警日至文件的路径
 select value from v$parameter where name ='background_dump_dest'
--1.6  通过以下SQL找到用户跟踪文件的路径
 select value from v$parameter where name ='user_dump_dest'


--(2) 查询安全信息
---2.1 显示示用户信息
 SQL>selelct * from DBA_Users  Where Username =’system’
--2.2 显示角色信息
 SQL> Select *from Dba_Roles
--2.2  显示表空间限额的信息
 SQL> select Tablespace_Name,Username,Bytes,max_bytes 
 SQL> from dba_ts_quotas;
--2.4  显示开工文件和相关资源限制设置的信息
 SQL> Select profile,resource_name,limit
 SQL> from Dba_profiles;
--2.5 显示当前用户拥有的所有的表
   SQL> Select * From Tab;
--2.6  查看内部系统表的SQL
 select * from v$fixed_view_definition

--3 查询oracle 的系统环境变量 
--3.1.查找全局共享缓冲区(SGA)
 SQL> select * from v$sga;
 NAME VALUE
 -------------------- ---------
 Fixed Size 39816
 Variable Size 259812784
 Database Buffers 1.049E+09
 Redo Buffers 327680
 更详细的信息可以参考V$sgastat、V$buffer_pool
 对于保存在共享池中的SQL语句,可以从V$Sqltext、v$Sqlarea中查询到

---3.2清空Share_pool,保留Data buffer
 SQL> alter system flush SHARED_POOL;
 System altered.

---3.3. .运行以下语句可以得到系统SCN号
 SQL> select max(ktuxescnw * power(2, 32) + ktuxescnb) scn from x$ktuxe;
    SCN
 ----------
   31014
---3.4 查询数据块可用空间大小。
 Select kvisval,kvistag,kvisdsc from sys.x$kvis;

--3.5检查当前oracle 的连接类型:
 select  server 
 from   v$session
 where audisid=USERENV(‘SESSIONID’);
 如果 输出
 SERVER
 ―――――――――――
 DEDICATED

 说明当前的oracle 连接实用的是专用服务器连接 ,而不是MTS多线程服务器(SHARED)

---3.6.  查看数据数据字典的SQL
 select * from dict

---3.7检查后台线程的状态
Select name,Description
From V$BGPROCESS
Where Paddr<>’00’         (进程地址不等于’00’)
  输出结果类似:
name    description
--------    ---------------------------------
  Pmon     Process Cleanup
  Dbwo     db Writer Process 0
  Lgwr      Redo Etc
  Ckpt       checkpoint
        。。。 。。。
---3.8 显示表结构
  desc  tablename(任意表名);
 输出结果类似:
   name            null?          Type
---------------------------- --------------------  ------------------
   ID            Not Null            Number(30)

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