oracle笔记二(pl/sql 编程方面)

--====================================================
  --======================================= 二.pl/sql 编程方面
  --======================================================
  1.自治事务:8i以上版本,不影响主事务。
  在存储过程的is\as
  后面声明PRAGMA AUTONOMOUS_TRANSACTION;
  自治事务防止嵌套提交,使事务在自己的事务区内提交或回滚不会影响其他的事务。
  2、包
   包说明(package specification),包头,存放关于包的内容的信息,定义包的用户可见的过程、
   函数,数据类型和变量
   create or replace package tt_aa as
   v1 varchar2(10);
   v2 varchar2(10);
   v3 number;
   v4 boolean;
   procedure proc1(x number);
   procedure proc2(y varchar2);
   procedure proc3(z number);
   function my_add(x number,y number) return number;
   end;
   包主体(package body)是可选的
   create or replace package body tt_aa as
   procedure proc1(x number) as
   begin
   v1:=to_char(x);
   end;
   procedure proc2(y varchar2) as
   begin
   v2:=y;
   end;
   procedure proc3(z number) as
   begin
   v1:=z;
   end;
   procedure proc4(x number,y number) return number as
   begin
   return x+y;
   end;
   end;
  
   调用
   begin
   tt_aa.proc1(6);
   dbms_output.put_line(to_char(tt_aa.my_add(1,3));
   end;
  3、动态sql(使用dbms_sql)
   create or replace procedure my_execute(sql_string in varchar2) as
   v_cursor number;
   v_numrows interger;
   begin
   v_cursor:=dbms_sql.open_cursor;
   dbms_sql.parse(v_cursor,sql_string,dbms_sql.v7);
   v_numrows:=dbms_sql.execute(v_cursor);
   dbms_sql.close_cursor(v_cursor);
   end;
  
   则可以
   sql>exec my_execute('select * from tab');
   sql>exec my_execute('insert into test value'||'('||'''ddd'''||')');
   sql>exec my_execute('commit');
  
   对于查询方面的可以如下方式:
   比如想用游标查询一个表,但是这个表是分月的,每个月可能表名都会改变。
   create or replace procedure proc_test as
   v_curid integer;
   v_result integer;
   v_strSql varchar2(255);
   v_userid okcai.userid%type;
   v_username okcai.username%type;
   begin
   v_strSql := 'select * from okcai_'||to_char(sysdate,'yyyymm');
   v_curid := dbms_sql.open_cursor;
   dbms_sql.parse(v_curid,v_strSql,dbms_sql.v7);
   dbms_sql.define_column(v_curid,1,v_userid);
   dbms_sql.define_column(v_curid,2,v_username,10); --必须指定大小
   v_result := dbms_sql.execute(v_curid);
   loop
   if dbms_sql.fetch_rows(v_curid) = 0 then
   exit; --没有了 ,退出循环
   end if;
   dbms_sql.column_value(v_curid,1,v_userid);
   dbms_sql.column_value(v_curid,2,v_username);
   dbms_output.put_line(v_userid);
   dbms_output.put_line(v_username);
   end loop;
   dbms_sql.close(v_curid);
   end;
  4、用EXECUTE IMMEDIATE
   <1>. 在PL/SQL运行DDL语句
   begin
   execute immediate 'set role all';
   end;
   <2>. 给动态语句传值(USING 子句)
   declare
   l_depnam varchar2(20) := 'testing';
   l_loc varchar2(10) := 'Dubai';
   begin
   execute immediate 'insert into dept values (:1, :2, :3)'
   using 50, l_depnam, l_loc;
   commit;
   end;
   <3>. 从动态语句检索值(INTO子句)
   declare
   l_cnt varchar2(20);
   begin
   execute immediate 'select count(1) from emp'
   into l_cnt;
   dbms_output.put_line(l_cnt);
   end;
   <4>. 动态调用例程.例程中用到的绑定变量参数必须指定参数类型.黓认为IN类型,其它类型必须显式指定
  declare
   l_routin varchar2(100) := 'gen2161.get_rowcnt';
   l_tblnam varchar2(20) := 'emp';
   l_cnt number;
   l_status varchar2(200);
  begin
   execute immediate 'begin ' || l_routin || '(:2, :3, :4); end;'
   using in l_tblnam, out l_cnt, in out l_status;
   if l_status != 'OK' then
   dbms_output.put_line('error');
   end if;
  end;
   <5>. 将返回值传递到PL/SQL记录类型;同样也可用%rowtype变量
   declare
   type empdtlrec is record (empno number(4),
   ename varchar2(20),
   deptno number(2));
   empdtl empdtlrec;
   begin
   execute immediate 'select empno, ename, deptno ' ||
   'from emp where empno = 7934'
   into empdtl;
   end;
   <6>. 传递并检索值.INTO子句用在USING子句前
   declare
   l_dept pls_integer := 20;
   l_nam varchar2(20);
   l_loc varchar2(20);
   begin
   execute immediate 'select dname, loc from dept where deptno = :1'
   into l_nam, l_loc
   using l_dept ;
   end;
   <7>. 多行查询选项.对此选项用insert语句填充临时表,用临时表进行进一步的处理,也可以用REF cursors纠正此缺憾.
   declare
   l_sal pls_integer := 2000;
   begin
   execute immediate 'insert into temp(empno, ename) ' ||
   ' select empno, ename from emp ' ||
   ' where sal > :1'
   using l_sal;
   commit;
   end;
   <8>. 完成update的returning功能
   update可以用returning返回修改以后的值。比如:
   UPDATE employees
   SET job_id =’SA_MAN’, salary = salary + 1000, department_id = 140
   WHERE last_name = ’Jones’
   RETURNING salary*0.25, last_name, department_id
   INTO :bnd1, :bnd2, :bnd3;
   用execute immediate来完成的时候,可以用
   declare
   l_sal pls_integer;
   begin
   execute immediate 'update employees SET salary = salary + 1000 where last_name=''okcai'' RETURNING INTO :1'
   returning into v_sql;
   commit;
   end;
  
  5、用ref cursor来完成动态游标的功能
  declare
  type ct is ref cursor;
  cc ct;
  v_notify acc_woff_notify%rowtype;
  begin
  open cc for 'select * from acc_woff_notify';
  loop
   fetch cc into v_notify;
   exit when cc%notfound;
   dbms_output.put_line(v_notify.done_code);
  end loop;
  close cc;
  end;
  
  6、重新编译
   对失效的过程
   sql>exec dbms_utility.compile_schema(schema);
   如:
   sql>exec dbms_utility.compile_schema(scott);
  7.存储过程使用table类型
  <1>.字符串数组
  declare
  type regionType is table of varchar2(3) index by binary_integer;
  v_listRegion regionType;
  i number(2):=0;
  begin
  v_listRegion(1):='571';
  v_listRegion(2):='572';
  v_listRegion(3):='573';
  v_listRegion(4):='574';
  v_listRegion(5):='575';
  v_listRegion(6):='576';
  v_listRegion(7):=null;
  i := 1;
  while i<= v_listRegion.last loop
   dbms_output.put_line( v_listRegion(i) );
   i := v_listRegion.next(i);
  end loop;
  end;
  <2>.rowtype数组
  declare
  type CmUserType is table of cm_user%rowtype index by binary_integer;
  v_listUser CmUserType;
  i number(5):=0;
  r_user cm_user%rowtype;
  begin
  i := 1;
  for r_user in (select * from cm_user where rownum<=5) loop
   v_listUser(i):= r_user;
   i := i + 1;
  end loop;
  i := 1;
  while i<= v_listUser.last loop
   dbms_output.put_line( v_listUser(i).bill_id );
   i := v_listUser.next(i);
  end loop;
  end;
  <3>. record数组
  declare
  type recCmUserType is record (bill_id cm_user.bill_id%type,cust_name varchar2(25));
  type CmUserType is table of recCmUserType index by binary_integer;
  v_listUser CmUserType;
  i number(5):=0;
  r_user cm_user%rowtype;
  begin
  i := 1;
  for r_user in (select * from cm_user where rownum<=5) loop
   v_listUser(i).bill_id:= r_user.bill_id;
   v_listUser(i).cust_name:= '客户'||i;
   i := i + 1;
  end loop;
  i := 1;
  while i<= v_listUser.last loop
   dbms_output.put_line( v_listUser(i).bill_id );
   dbms_output.put_line( v_listUser(i).cust_name );
   i := v_listUser.next(i);
  end loop;
  end;
  8、存储函数和过程
  
   查看函数和过程的状态
   SQL>select object_name,status from user_objects where object_type='FUNCTION';
   SQL>select object_name,status from user_objects where object_type='PROCEDURE';
  
   查看函数和过程的源代码
   SQL>set long 1000
   SQL>set pagesize 0
  SQL>set trimspool on
   SQL>select text from all_source where owner=user and name=upper('&plsql_name');
  
  9、触发器
  
   查看触发器
   set long 50000;
   set heading off;
   set pagesize 2000;
   select
   'create or replace trigger "' ||
   trigger_name || '"' || chr(10)||
   decode( substr( trigger_type, 1, 1 ),
   'A', 'AFTER', 'B', 'BEFORE', 'I', 'INSTEAD OF' ) ||
   chr(10) ||
   triggering_event || chr(10) ||
   'ON "' || table_owner || '"."' ||
   table_name || '"' || chr(10) ||
   decode( instr( trigger_type, 'EACH ROW' ), 0, null,
   'FOR EACH ROW' ) || chr(10) ,
   trigger_body
   from user_triggers;
  10. 加密ORACLE的存储过程
  用wrap命令,如:
   下列存储过程内容放在AA.SQL文件中
   create or replace procedure testCCB(i in number) as
   begin
   dbms_output.put_line('输入参数是'||to_char(i));
   end;
   SQL>wrap iname=a.sql;
   PL/SQL Wrapper: Release 8.1.7.0.0 - Production on Tue Nov 27 22:26:48 2001
   Copyright (c) Oracle Corporation 1993, 2000. All Rights Reserved.
   Processing a.sql to a.plb
   提示a.sql转换为a.plb,这就是加密了的脚本,执行a.plb即可生成加密了的存储过程
   运行a.plb
   SQL> @a.plb ;
  11.怎么样利用游标更新数据
  cursor c1 is
  select * from tablename
   where name is null for update [of column]
  ...
  update tablename set column = ...
  where current of c1;
  但是如果这种方式打开以后做了commit,则下次fetch会报ora-01002错误
  12.怎样自定义异常
  pragma_exception_init(exception_name,error_number);
  如果立即抛出异常
  raise_application_error(error_number,error_msg,true|false);
  其中number从-20000到-20999,错误信息最大2048B
  异常变量
  SQLCODE 错误代码
  SQLERRM 错误信息
  13.在pl/sql中执行DDL语句
  <1>、8i以下版本dbms_sql包
  <2>、8i以上版本还可以用
  execute immediate sql;
  dbms_utility.exec_ddl_statement('sql');
  14.用java写存储过程包
  <1>
  create or replace and compile
  java source
  named "CHelloWorld" as
  public class HelloWorld
  {
   public static String print()
   {
   return System.out.println("Hello,World");
   }
  };
  /
  <2>
  create or replace function my_helloWorld return varchar2
  as language java
  name 'HelloWorld.print() return java.lang.String';
  /
  <3>
  select my_helloWorld from dual;

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