Cygwin-安装和配置ssh服务

Cygwin介绍：

Cygwin是一个在windows平台上运行的类UNIX模拟环境，它对于学习UNIX/Linux操作环境，或者从UNIX到Windows的应用程序移植，或者进行某些特殊的开发工作，尤其是使用GNU工具集在Windows上进行嵌入式系统开发，非常有用。

因为要学习hadoop分布式文件系统，想在window下模拟linux环境进行部署。所以想到用cygwin工具。

先将几个我在安装过程中遇到的问题：

1.安装时最好明确自己要安装那些服务，根据自己的实际需要而定，我一次安装就因为漏选了openssh，后来重装了，

2.重装可以不用先卸载，直接点击setup.exe,进行安装，

3.那个选择下载站点就选默认的就好了http://mirrons.163.com。

4.安装ssh服务时配置无密码是总是出错

错误如下：删掉.ssh文件夹，用密码登陆也是不成功。试了好几次，也重装了cygwin64位还是无效，最后安装cygwin32位的才可以。

 Administrator@L ~
 $  cd ~/.ssh

 Administrator@L~/.ssh
 $ ssh localhost
 Administrator@localhost's password:
       2 [main] sshd 3804 D:\SofeWare\cygwin\usr\sbin\sshd.exe: *** fatal error - NtCreateEvent(lock): 0xC0000058
 Connection to localhost closed.

注意配置 ssh的时候，yes/no的选择要小心点，不小心就会出错。

 Administrator@L ~
 $ ssh-host-config

 *** Info: Generating missing SSH host keys
 ssh-keygen: generating new host keys: RSA1 RSA DSA ECDSA ED25519
 *** Info: Creating default /etc/ssh_config file
 *** Info: Creating default /etc/sshd_config file

 *** Info: StrictModes is set to 'yes' by default.
 *** Info: This is the recommended setting, but it requires that the POSIX
 *** Info: permissions of the user's home directory, the user's .ssh
 *** Info: directory, and the user's ssh key files are tight so that
 *** Info: only the user has write permissions.
 *** Info: On the other hand, StrictModes don't work well with default
 *** Info: Windows permissions of a home directory mounted with the
 *** Info: 'noacl' option, and they don't work at all if the home
 *** Info: directory is on a FAT or FAT32 partition.
 *** Query: Should StrictModes be used? (yes/no) no

 *** Info: Privilege separation is set to 'sandbox' by default since
 *** Info: OpenSSH 6.1.  This is unsupported by Cygwin and has to be set
 *** Info: to 'yes' or 'no'.
 *** Info: However, using privilege separation requires a non-privileged account
 *** Info: called 'sshd'.
 *** Info: For more info on privilege separation read /usr/share/doc/openssh/README.privsep.
 *** Query: Should privilege separation be used? (yes/no) no
 *** Info: Updating /etc/sshd_config file

 *** Query: Do you want to install sshd as a service?
 *** Query: (Say "no" if it is already installed as a service) (yes/no) yes
 *** Query: Enter the value of CYGWIN for the daemon: [] ntsec
 *** Info: On Windows Server 2003, Windows Vista, and above, the
 *** Info: SYSTEM account cannot setuid to other users -- a capability
 *** Info: sshd requires.  You need to have or to create a privileged
 *** Info: account.  This script will help you do so.

 *** Info: It's not possible to use the LocalSystem account for services
 *** Info: that can change the user id without an explicit password
 *** Info: (such as passwordless logins [e.g. public key authentication]
 *** Info: via sshd) when having to create the user token from scratch.
 *** Info: For more information on this requirement, see
 *** Info: https://cygwin.com/cygwin-ug-net/ntsec.html#ntsec-nopasswd1

 *** Info: If you want to enable that functionality, it's required to create
 *** Info: a new account with special privileges (unless such an account
 *** Info: already exists). This account is then used to run these special
 *** Info: servers.

 *** Info: Note that creating a new user requires that the current account
 *** Info: have Administrator privileges itself.

 *** Info: No privileged account could be found.

 *** Info: This script plans to use 'cyg_server'.
 *** Info: 'cyg_server' will only be used by registered services.
 *** Query: Do you want to use a different name? (yes/no) no
 *** Query: Create new privileged user account 'LYX\cyg_server' (Cygwin name: 'cyg_server')? (yes/no) no
 *** ERROR: There was a serious problem creating a privileged user.
 *** Query: Do you want to proceed anyway? (yes/no) no

 Administrator@L ~
 $ ssh-host-config

 *** Info: Generating missing SSH host keys
 *** Query: Overwrite existing /etc/ssh_config file? (yes/no) yes
 *** Info: Creating default /etc/ssh_config file
 *** Query: Overwrite existing /etc/sshd_config file? (yes/no) yes
 *** Info: Creating default /etc/sshd_config file

 *** Info: StrictModes is set to 'yes' by default.
 *** Info: This is the recommended setting, but it requires that the POSIX
 *** Info: permissions of the user's home directory, the user's .ssh
 *** Info: directory, and the user's ssh key files are tight so that
 *** Info: only the user has write permissions.
 *** Info: On the other hand, StrictModes don't work well with default
 *** Info: Windows permissions of a home directory mounted with the
 *** Info: 'noacl' option, and they don't work at all if the home
 *** Info: directory is on a FAT or FAT32 partition.
 *** Query: Should StrictModes be used? (yes/no) yes

 *** Info: Privilege separation is set to 'sandbox' by default since
 *** Info: OpenSSH 6.1.  This is unsupported by Cygwin and has to be set
 *** Info: to 'yes' or 'no'.
 *** Info: However, using privilege separation requires a non-privileged account
 *** Info: called 'sshd'.
 *** Info: For more info on privilege separation read /usr/share/doc/openssh/README.privsep.
 *** Query: Should privilege separation be used? (yes/no) no
 *** Info: Updating /etc/sshd_config file

 *** Query: Do you want to install sshd as a service?
 *** Query: (Say "no" if it is already installed as a service) (yes/no) yes
 *** Query: Enter the value of CYGWIN for the daemon: [] netsec
 *** Info: On Windows Server 2003, Windows Vista, and above, the
 *** Info: SYSTEM account cannot setuid to other users -- a capability
 *** Info: sshd requires.  You need to have or to create a privileged
 *** Info: account.  This script will help you do so.

 *** Info: It's not possible to use the LocalSystem account for services
 *** Info: that can change the user id without an explicit password
 *** Info: (such as passwordless logins [e.g. public key authentication]
 *** Info: via sshd) when having to create the user token from scratch.
 *** Info: For more information on this requirement, see
 *** Info: https://cygwin.com/cygwin-ug-net/ntsec.html#ntsec-nopasswd1

 *** Info: If you want to enable that functionality, it's required to create
 *** Info: a new account with special privileges (unless such an account
 *** Info: already exists). This account is then used to run these special
 *** Info: servers.

 *** Info: Note that creating a new user requires that the current account
 *** Info: have Administrator privileges itself.

 *** Info: No privileged account could be found.

 *** Info: This script plans to use 'cyg_server'.
 *** Info: 'cyg_server' will only be used by registered services.
 *** Query: Do you want to use a different name? (yes/no) yes
 *** Query: Enter the new user name: l
 *** Query: Reenter: l

 *** Query: Create new privileged user account 'LYX\lyx' (Cygwin name: 'l')? (yes/no) yes
 *** Info: Please enter a password for new user lyx.  Please be sure
 *** Info: that this password matches the password rules given on your system.
 *** Info: Entering no password will exit the configuration.
 *** Query: Please enter the password:
 *** Query: Reenter:

 *** Warning: Creating the user 'l' failed!  Reason:
 ▒û▒▒▒▒▒▒▒▒▒▒▒▒ƿ▒▒Բ▒ͬ▒▒

 ▒▒▒▒▒ NET HELPMSG 2253 ▒Ի▒ø▒▒▒İ▒▒▒▒▒


 *** ERROR: There was a serious problem creating a privileged user.
 *** Query: Do you want to proceed anyway? (yes/no) yes
 *** Warning: Expected privileged user 'lyx' does not exist.
 *** Warning: Defaulting to 'SYSTEM'

 *** Info: The sshd service has been installed under the LocalSystem
 *** Info: account (also known as SYSTEM). To start the service now, call
 *** Info: `net start sshd' or `cygrunsrv -S sshd'.  Otherwise, it
 *** Info: will start automatically after the next reboot.

 *** Warning: Host configuration exited with 1 errors or warnings!
 *** Warning: Make sure that all problems reported are fixed,
 *** Warning: then re-run ssh-host-config.

 Administrator@LYX ~
 $ ssh localhost
 The authenticity of host 'localhost (::1)' can't be established.
 ECDSA key fingerprint is SHA256:5/i9vvXBBfiqhzLrekd9uqPPhKz7NC+9zNwcWLn+qhk.
 Are you sure you want to continue connecting (yes/no)? yes
 Warning: Permanently added 'localhost' (ECDSA) to the list of known hosts.
 Administrator@localhost's password:

 Administrator@LYX ~
 $ who
 Administrator pty1         2015-07-24 09:39 (::1)

安装教材：

网上安装教材很多，我就不赘述了。

在windows系统中通过cygwin安装hadoop：http://my.oschina.net/u/570654/blog/112757

按照这篇安装cygwin就可以。