spring中事务管理的几种方式

前段时间对Spring的事务配置做了比较深入的研究，在此之间对Spring的事务配置虽说也配置过，但是一直没有一个清楚的认识。通过这次的学习发觉Spring的事务配置只要把思路理清，还是比较好掌握的。

    总结如下：

    Spring配置文件中关于事务配置总是由三个组成部分，分别是DataSource、TransactionManager和代理机制这三部分，无论哪种配置方式，一般变化的只是代理机制这部分。

    DataSource、TransactionManager这两部分只是会根据数据访问方式有所变化，比如使用Hibernate进行数据访问时，DataSource实际为SessionFactory，TransactionManager的实现为HibernateTransactionManager。

具体如下图：

  根据代理机制的不同，总结了五种Spring事务的配置方式，配置文件如下：

    第一种方式：每个Bean都有一个代理

 <?xml version="1.0" encoding="UTF-8"?>
 <beans xmlns="http://www.springframework.org/schema/beans"
     xmlns:xsi="http://www.w3.org/2001/XMLSchema-instance"
     xmlns:context="http://www.springframework.org/schema/context"
     xmlns:aop="http://www.springframework.org/schema/aop"
     xsi:schemaLocation="http://www.springframework.org/schema/beans
            http://www.springframework.org/schema/beans/spring-beans-2.5.xsd
            http://www.springframework.org/schema/context
            http://www.springframework.org/schema/context/spring-context-2.5.xsd
            http://www.springframework.org/schema/aop http://www.springframework.org/schema/aop/spring-aop-2.5.xsd">

     <bean id="sessionFactory"
             class="org.springframework.orm.hibernate3.LocalSessionFactoryBean">
         <property name="configLocation" value="classpath:hibernate.cfg.xml" />
         <property name="configurationClass" value="org.hibernate.cfg.AnnotationConfiguration" />
     </bean>

     <!-- 定义事务管理器（声明式的事务） -->
     <bean id="transactionManager"
         class="org.springframework.orm.hibernate3.HibernateTransactionManager">
         <property name="sessionFactory" ref="sessionFactory" />
     </bean>

     <!-- 配置DAO -->
     <bean id="userDaoTarget" class="com.bluesky.spring.dao.UserDaoImpl">
         <property name="sessionFactory" ref="sessionFactory" />
     </bean>

     <bean id="userDao"
         class="org.springframework.transaction.interceptor.TransactionProxyFactoryBean">
            <!-- 配置事务管理器 -->
            <property name="transactionManager" ref="transactionManager" />
         <property name="target" ref="userDaoTarget" />
          <property name="proxyInterfaces" value="com.bluesky.spring.dao.GeneratorDao" />
         <!-- 配置事务属性 -->
         <property name="transactionAttributes">
             <props>
                 <prop key="*">PROPAGATION_REQUIRED</prop>
             </props>
         </property>
     </bean>
 </beans>

 第二种方式：所有Bean共享一个代理基类

 <?xml version="1.0" encoding="UTF-8"?>
 <beans xmlns="http://www.springframework.org/schema/beans"
     xmlns:xsi="http://www.w3.org/2001/XMLSchema-instance"
     xmlns:context="http://www.springframework.org/schema/context"
     xmlns:aop="http://www.springframework.org/schema/aop"
     xsi:schemaLocation="http://www.springframework.org/schema/beans
            http://www.springframework.org/schema/beans/spring-beans-2.5.xsd
            http://www.springframework.org/schema/context
            http://www.springframework.org/schema/context/spring-context-2.5.xsd
            http://www.springframework.org/schema/aop http://www.springframework.org/schema/aop/spring-aop-2.5.xsd">

     <bean id="sessionFactory"
             class="org.springframework.orm.hibernate3.LocalSessionFactoryBean">
         <property name="configLocation" value="classpath:hibernate.cfg.xml" />
         <property name="configurationClass" value="org.hibernate.cfg.AnnotationConfiguration" />
     </bean>

     <!-- 定义事务管理器（声明式的事务） -->
     <bean id="transactionManager"
         class="org.springframework.orm.hibernate3.HibernateTransactionManager">
         <property name="sessionFactory" ref="sessionFactory" />
     </bean>

     <bean id="transactionBase"
             class="org.springframework.transaction.interceptor.TransactionProxyFactoryBean"
             lazy-init="true" abstract="true">
         <!-- 配置事务管理器 -->
         <property name="transactionManager" ref="transactionManager" />
         <!-- 配置事务属性 -->
         <property name="transactionAttributes">
             <props>
                 <prop key="*">PROPAGATION_REQUIRED</prop>
             </props>
         </property>
     </bean>

     <!-- 配置DAO -->
     <bean id="userDaoTarget" class="com.bluesky.spring.dao.UserDaoImpl">
         <property name="sessionFactory" ref="sessionFactory" />
     </bean>

     <bean id="userDao" parent="transactionBase" >
         <property name="target" ref="userDaoTarget" />
     </bean>
 </beans>

 

第三种方式：使用拦截器

 <?xml version="1.0" encoding="UTF-8"?>
 <beans xmlns="http://www.springframework.org/schema/beans"
     xmlns:xsi="http://www.w3.org/2001/XMLSchema-instance"
     xmlns:context="http://www.springframework.org/schema/context"
     xmlns:aop="http://www.springframework.org/schema/aop"
     xsi:schemaLocation="http://www.springframework.org/schema/beans
            http://www.springframework.org/schema/beans/spring-beans-2.5.xsd
            http://www.springframework.org/schema/context
            http://www.springframework.org/schema/context/spring-context-2.5.xsd
            http://www.springframework.org/schema/aop http://www.springframework.org/schema/aop/spring-aop-2.5.xsd">

     <bean id="sessionFactory"
             class="org.springframework.orm.hibernate3.LocalSessionFactoryBean">
         <property name="configLocation" value="classpath:hibernate.cfg.xml" />
         <property name="configurationClass" value="org.hibernate.cfg.AnnotationConfiguration" />
     </bean>

     <!-- 定义事务管理器（声明式的事务） -->
     <bean id="transactionManager"
         class="org.springframework.orm.hibernate3.HibernateTransactionManager">
         <property name="sessionFactory" ref="sessionFactory" />
     </bean>

     <bean id="transactionInterceptor"
         class="org.springframework.transaction.interceptor.TransactionInterceptor">
         <property name="transactionManager" ref="transactionManager" />
         <!-- 配置事务属性 -->
         <property name="transactionAttributes">
             <props>
                 <prop key="*">PROPAGATION_REQUIRED</prop>
             </props>
         </property>
     </bean>

     <bean class="org.springframework.aop.framework.autoproxy.BeanNameAutoProxyCreator">
         <property name="beanNames">
             <list>
                 <value>*Dao</value>
             </list>
         </property>
         <property name="interceptorNames">
             <list>
                 <value>transactionInterceptor</value>
             </list>
         </property>
     </bean>

     <!-- 配置DAO -->
     <bean id="userDao" class="com.bluesky.spring.dao.UserDaoImpl">
         <property name="sessionFactory" ref="sessionFactory" />
     </bean>
 </beans>

 

第四种方式：使用tx标签配置的拦截器

 <?xml version="1.0" encoding="UTF-8"?>
 <beans xmlns="http://www.springframework.org/schema/beans"
     xmlns:xsi="http://www.w3.org/2001/XMLSchema-instance"
     xmlns:context="http://www.springframework.org/schema/context"
     xmlns:aop="http://www.springframework.org/schema/aop"
     xmlns:tx="http://www.springframework.org/schema/tx"
     xsi:schemaLocation="http://www.springframework.org/schema/beans
            http://www.springframework.org/schema/beans/spring-beans-2.5.xsd
            http://www.springframework.org/schema/context
            http://www.springframework.org/schema/context/spring-context-2.5.xsd
            http://www.springframework.org/schema/aop http://www.springframework.org/schema/aop/spring-aop-2.5.xsd
            http://www.springframework.org/schema/tx http://www.springframework.org/schema/tx/spring-tx-2.5.xsd">

     <context:annotation-config />
     <context:component-scan base-package="com.bluesky" />

     <bean id="sessionFactory"
             class="org.springframework.orm.hibernate3.LocalSessionFactoryBean">
         <property name="configLocation" value="classpath:hibernate.cfg.xml" />
         <property name="configurationClass" value="org.hibernate.cfg.AnnotationConfiguration" />
     </bean>

     <!-- 定义事务管理器（声明式的事务） -->
     <bean id="transactionManager"
         class="org.springframework.orm.hibernate3.HibernateTransactionManager">
         <property name="sessionFactory" ref="sessionFactory" />
     </bean>

     <tx:advice id="txAdvice" transaction-manager="transactionManager">
         <tx:attributes>
             <tx:method name="*" propagation="REQUIRED" />
         </tx:attributes>
     </tx:advice>

     <aop:config>
         <aop:pointcut id="interceptorPointCuts"
             expression="execution(* com.bluesky.spring.dao.*.*(..))" />
         <aop:advisor advice-ref="txAdvice"
             pointcut-ref="interceptorPointCuts" />
     </aop:config>
 </beans>

 

第五种方式：全注解

 <?xml version="1.0" encoding="UTF-8"?>
 <beans xmlns="http://www.springframework.org/schema/beans"
     xmlns:xsi="http://www.w3.org/2001/XMLSchema-instance"
     xmlns:context="http://www.springframework.org/schema/context"
     xmlns:aop="http://www.springframework.org/schema/aop"
     xmlns:tx="http://www.springframework.org/schema/tx"
     xsi:schemaLocation="http://www.springframework.org/schema/beans
            http://www.springframework.org/schema/beans/spring-beans-2.5.xsd
            http://www.springframework.org/schema/context
            http://www.springframework.org/schema/context/spring-context-2.5.xsd
            http://www.springframework.org/schema/aop http://www.springframework.org/schema/aop/spring-aop-2.5.xsd
            http://www.springframework.org/schema/tx http://www.springframework.org/schema/tx/spring-tx-2.5.xsd">

     <context:annotation-config />
     <context:component-scan base-package="com.bluesky" />

     <tx:annotation-driven transaction-manager="transactionManager"/>

     <bean id="sessionFactory"
             class="org.springframework.orm.hibernate3.LocalSessionFactoryBean">
         <property name="configLocation" value="classpath:hibernate.cfg.xml" />
         <property name="configurationClass" value="org.hibernate.cfg.AnnotationConfiguration" />
     </bean>

     <!-- 定义事务管理器（声明式的事务） -->
     <bean id="transactionManager"
         class="org.springframework.orm.hibernate3.HibernateTransactionManager">
         <property name="sessionFactory" ref="sessionFactory" />
     </bean>

 </beans>

 

此时在DAO上需加上@Transactional注解，如下

 package com.bluesky.spring.dao;

 import java.util.List;

 import org.hibernate.SessionFactory;
 import org.springframework.beans.factory.annotation.Autowired;
 import org.springframework.orm.hibernate3.support.HibernateDaoSupport;
 import org.springframework.stereotype.Component;

 import com.bluesky.spring.domain.User;

 @Transactional
 @Component("userDao")
 public class UserDaoImpl extends HibernateDaoSupport implements UserDao {

     public List<User> listUsers() {
         return this.getSession().createQuery("from User").list();
     }


 }