OpenStack如何创建固定IP的虚拟机
题记
昨天同事有一个需求，希望我创建一个固定IP的虚拟机，因为他的代码写死IP了，所以不好修改，我的云环境是OpenStack，但是OpenStack的虚拟机都是通过DHCP获得，那么如何
创建一个固定IP的虚拟机呢？
环境
OpenStack icehouse
网络模式：FlatDHCP
步骤
首先需要说明一下，OpenStack不支持，你创建一个其他VM后，然后手动更改配置文件设置IP，这个VM是无法访问的。
1、先查看OpenStack子网的IP范围，由于我使用了扁平DHCP，子网范围135-200,如果设置的IP地址不在该范围内，也无法访问。
root@controller:~# neutron subnet-list
+--------------------------------------+------+-----------------+------------------------------------------------------+
| id | name | cidr | allocation_pools |
+--------------------------------------+------+-----------------+------------------------------------------------------+
| 68e5be93-03a4-42c5-8867-5ea2eb81246f | | 192.168.12.0/24 | {"start": "192.168.12.135", "end": "192.168.12.200"} |
+--------------------------------------+------+-----------------+------------------------------------------------------+
2、创建VM之前，我们需要创建一个端口（该端口需要了解在哪个租户下，哪个网络和子网下，设置什么IP）
查看租户信息，我直接使用admin租户
root@controller:~# keystone tenant-list +----------------------------------+---------+---------+ | id | name | enabled | +----------------------------------+---------+---------+ | 98061d7393bb48d1b5f4b4014e04d5dc | admin | True | | 20d00699486c498eac7a81e21e40c7fe | demo | True | | b09e7002151b4053aebcfea714ddc46b | service | True | +----------------------------------+---------+---------+
查看网络和内网信息
root@controller:~# neutron net-list +--------------------------------------+------------+------------------------------------------------------+ | id | name | subnets | +--------------------------------------+------------+------------------------------------------------------+ | dfb6737c-99ec-4956-b560-71769d1cc595 | sharednet1 | 68e5be93-03a4-42c5-8867-5ea2eb81246f 192.168.12.0/24 | +--------------------------------------+------------+------------------------------------------------------+
通过命令创建固定IP，例如192.168.12.150
neutron port-create --tenant-id 98061d7393bb48d1b5f4b4014e04d5dc（租户ID） --fixed-ip subnet_id=68e5be93-03a4-42c5-8867-5ea2eb81246f（子网ID）,ip_address=192.168.12.150（固定IP） dfb6737c-99ec-4956-b560-71769d1cc595（网络ID）
root@controller:~# neutron port-create --tenant-id 98061d7393bb48d1b5f4b4014e04d5dc --fixed-ip subnet_id=68e5be93-03a4-42c5-8867-5ea2eb81246f,ip_address=192.168.12.150 dfb6737c-99ec-4956-b560-71769d1cc595
Created a new port:
+-----------------------+---------------------------------------------------------------------------------------+
| Field | Value |
+-----------------------+---------------------------------------------------------------------------------------+
| admin_state_up | True |
| allowed_address_pairs | |
| binding:host_id | |
| binding:profile | {} |
| binding:vif_details | {} |
| binding:vif_type | unbound |
| binding:vnic_type | normal |
| device_id | |
| device_owner | |
| fixed_ips | {"subnet_id": "68e5be93-03a4-42c5-8867-5ea2eb81246f", "ip_address": "192.168.12.150"} |
| id | 8bbe4913-e82b-4719-aab9-bf856ffb10be |
| mac_address | fa:16:3e:44:79:cf |
| name | |
| network_id | dfb6737c-99ec-4956-b560-71769d1cc595 |
| security_groups | e9943728-0046-40e1-a2be-d97caa68aab9 |
| status | DOWN |
| tenant_id | 98061d7393bb48d1b5f4b4014e04d5dc |
+-----------------------+---------------------------------------------------------------------------------------+
接下来我们要创建VM，创建VM，我们需要使用哪个镜像，哪个云主机配置信息，设置哪个端口绑定，所以我们需要查看
镜像列表
root@controller:~# nova image-list +--------------------------------------+------------+--------+--------+ | ID | Name | Status | Server | +--------------------------------------+------------+--------+--------+ | 7725f89f-d537-4aa6-8532-1a1f8951532f | cirros | ACTIVE | | | e3c7c952-db4c-42ae-b429-8b8521b3bde7 | idesktop | ACTIVE | | | a8e84028-06a7-4d9e-9bb8-ea3152752104 | ubuntu1404 | ACTIVE | | +--------------------------------------+------------+--------+--------+
云主机配置列表
root@controller:~# nova flavor-list +--------------------------------------+-----------+-----------+------+-----------+------+-------+-------------+-----------+ | ID | Name | Memory_MB | Disk | Ephemeral | Swap | VCPUs | RXTX_Factor | Is_Public | +--------------------------------------+-----------+-----------+------+-----------+------+-------+-------------+-----------+ | 1 | m1.tiny | 512 | 1 | 0 | | 1 | 1.0 | True | | 2 | m1.small | 2048 | 20 | 0 | | 1 | 1.0 | True | | 3 | m1.medium | 4096 | 40 | 0 | | 2 | 1.0 | True | | 4 | m1.large | 8192 | 80 | 0 | | 4 | 1.0 | True | | 5 | m1.xlarge | 16384 | 160 | 0 | | 8 | 1.0 | True | | b40e993f-196a-4854-8383-79a608a1d7dd | MQ | 4096 | 20 | 0 | | 2 | 1.0 | True | +--------------------------------------+-----------+-----------+------+-----------+------+-------+-------------+-----------+
然后通过以下命令创建云主机
nova boot --flavor MQ（云主机配置） --image a8e84028-06a7-4d9e-9bb8-ea3152752104（镜像） --security_group default （安全组）--nic port-id=8bbe4913-e82b-4719-aab9-bf856ffb10be（端口映射） test150（VM名称）
root@controller:~# nova boot --flavor MQ --image a8e84028-06a7-4d9e-9bb8-ea3152752104 --security_group default --nic port-id=8bbe4913-e82b-4719-aab9-bf856ffb10be test150
+--------------------------------------+---------------------------------------------------+
| Property | Value |
+--------------------------------------+---------------------------------------------------+
| OS-DCF:diskConfig | MANUAL |
| OS-EXT-AZ:availability_zone | nova |
| OS-EXT-SRV-ATTR:host | - |
| OS-EXT-SRV-ATTR:hypervisor_hostname | - |
| OS-EXT-SRV-ATTR:instance_name | instance-00000010 |
| OS-EXT-STS:power_state | 0 |
| OS-EXT-STS:task_state | scheduling |
| OS-EXT-STS:vm_state | building |
| OS-SRV-USG:launched_at | - |
| OS-SRV-USG:terminated_at | - |
| accessIPv4 | |
| accessIPv6 | |
| adminPass | Rdk3WD3g5EQx |
| config_drive | |
| created | 2016-11-02T09:08:59Z |
| flavor | MQ (b40e993f-196a-4854-8383-79a608a1d7dd) |
| hostId | |
| id | 2c9efb18-18aa-4fce-bb41-ef8a900ea1fa |
| image | ubuntu1404 (a8e84028-06a7-4d9e-9bb8-ea3152752104) |
| key_name | - |
| metadata | {} |
| name | test150 |
| os-extended-volumes:volumes_attached | [] |
| progress | 0 |
| security_groups | default |
| status | BUILD |
| tenant_id | 98061d7393bb48d1b5f4b4014e04d5dc |
| updated | 2016-11-02T09:09:00Z |
| user_id | f46ec9dacf2741e2a2f8789788785950 |
+--------------------------------------+---------------------------------------------------+
创建之后查看端口信息，已经开启
查看虚拟机信息