微服务之Swagger

Swagger使用

1. Swagger UI

按以下步骤配置，项目启动后访问：
http://localhost:8080/swagger-ui.html

1.1 添加依赖

    <dependency> <groupId>io.springfox</groupId> <artifactId>springfox-swagger2</artifactId> <version>2.2.2</version> </dependency> <dependency> <groupId>io.springfox</groupId> <artifactId>springfox-swagger-ui</artifactId> <version>2.2.2</version> </dependency>

1.2 配置类

@Configuration @EnableSwagger2 public class Swagger2 { public static final String SWAGGER_SCAN_BASE_PACKAGE = "abc.boot.examples.web"; public static final String VERSION = "1.0.0"; @Bean public Docket createRestApi() { return new Docket(DocumentationType.SWAGGER_2) .apiInfo(apiInfo()) .select() .apis(RequestHandlerSelectors.basePackage(SWAGGER_SCAN_BASE_PACKAGE))//api接口包扫描路径 .paths(PathSelectors.any())//可以根据url路径设置哪些请求加入文档，忽略哪些请求 .build(); } private ApiInfo apiInfo() { return new ApiInfoBuilder() .title("Swagger2 接口文档示例")//设置文档的标题 .description("更多内容请关注：http://www.abc.com")//设置文档的描述->1.Overview .version(VERSION)//设置文档的版本信息-> 1.1 Version information .contact(new Contact("ABC Boot", "http://www.abc.comt", ""))//设置文档的联系方式->1.2 Contact information .termsOfServiceUrl("www.abc.com")//设置文档的License信息->1.3 License information .build(); } }

1.3 注解使用

@ApiOperation

@ApiOperation(value="获取用户列表", notes="获取所有用户列表",produces = "application/json") @RequestMapping(value="/users", method= RequestMethod.GET) public List<User> getUserList() { List<User> r = new ArrayList<User>(users.values()); return r; }

@ApiResponses

@ApiOperation(value="获取用户详细信息", notes="根据url的id来获取用户详细信息",produces = "application/json") // ApiResponses 增加返回结果的描述 @ApiResponses(value = {@ApiResponse(code = 405,message = "Invalid input",response = Integer.class)}) (1) @ApiImplicitParam(name = "id",value = "用户ID",dataType = "int",paramType = "path") (2) @RequestMapping(value="/users/{id}", method= RequestMethod.GET) public User getUser(@PathVariable Integer id) { return users.get(id); }

(1) 在默认Response的基础上增加新的Response说明
(2) 使用ApiImplicitParam描述接口参数

@ApiImplicitParams

@ApiOperation(value="更新用户名称", notes="更新指定用户的名称") @RequestMapping(value="/users/{id}", method= RequestMethod.POST) @ApiImplicitParams({ （1） @ApiImplicitParam(name = "id",value = "用户ID",paramType = "path",dataType = "int"), (2) @ApiImplicitParam(name = "userName",value = "用户名称",paramType = "form",dataType = "string") }) public void updateUserName(@PathVariable Integer id,@RequestParam String userName){ User u = users.get(id); u.setName(userName); }

(1) 使用ApiImplicitParams描述多个参数
(2) 使用ApiImplicitParam时，需要指定paramType,这样也便于swagger ui 生成参数的输入格式。

paramType 有五个可选值 ： path, query, body, header, form

@ApiParam

@ApiOperation(value="创建用户-传递简单对象", notes="传递简单对象",produces = "application/json") @RequestMapping(value="/users-1", method= RequestMethod.POST) //可以不加ApiParam注解，需要给参数添加描述时可以使用这个注解，或者使用ApiImplicitParams注解 (1) public Map postUser(@RequestParam String userName,@ApiParam("地址") @RequestParam(required = false) String address) { User user = new User(); user.setId(Math.round(10)); user.setName(userName); user.setAddress(address); users.put(user.getId(), user); return ImmutableMap.of("user",user); }

(1) 使用ApiParam描述接口参数

ApiImplicitParam 与 ApiParam 的区别
ApiImplicitParam: This is the only way to define parameters when using Servlets or other non-JAX-RS environments.

• 对Servlets或者非 JAX-RS的环境，只能使用 ApiImplicitParam。
• 在使用上，ApiImplicitParam比ApiParam具有更少的代码侵入性，只要写在方法上就可以了，但是需要提供具体的属性才能配合swagger ui解析使用。
• ApiParam只需要较少的属性，与swagger ui配合更好。

传递复杂对象 By ModelAttribute

@ApiOperation(value="创建用户-传递复杂对象", notes="传递复杂对象DTO, url参数拼接",produces = "application/json") @RequestMapping(value="/users-2", method= RequestMethod.POST) //传递对象推荐使用ModelAttribute注解 public Map postUser2(@ModelAttribute User user) { (1) users.put(user.getId(),user); return ImmutableMap.of("user",user); }

(1) ModelAttribute 是Spring mvc的注解，这里Swagger可以解析这个注解，获得User的属性描述

@ApiModel

@ApiModel(value = "User", description = "用户对象") public class User { @ApiModelProperty(value = "ID") private Integer id; @ApiModelProperty(value = "姓名") private String name; @ApiModelProperty(value = "地址") private String address; @ApiModelProperty(value = "年龄",access = "hidden") private int age; @ApiModelProperty(value = "性别") private int sex; ....... }

传递复杂对象 By RequestBody

@ApiOperation(value="创建用户-传递复杂对象", notes="传递复杂对象DTO，json格式传递数据",produces = "application/json") @RequestMapping(value="/users-3", method= RequestMethod.POST) //json格式传递对象使用RequestBody注解 public User postUser3(@RequestBody User user) { users.put(user.getId(),user); return user; }

PathVariable

@ApiOperation(value="删除用户- PathVariable", notes="根据url的id来指定删除对象") @RequestMapping(value="/users/{id}", method = RequestMethod.DELETE) public void deleteUser(@PathVariable Integer id) { (1) users.remove(id); }

(1) PathVariable是Spring 的注解，对于这种简单的参数，就可以不用写ApiParam来描述接口参数。

数组的描述

@ApiOperation(value="删除用户-传递数组", notes="删除对象，传递数组") @RequestMapping(value="/users/deleteByIds", method = RequestMethod.DELETE) public void deleteUser(@ApiParam("用户ID数组") @RequestParam Integer[] ids) { (1) for (int id:ids){ users.remove(id); } }

(1) 这里用ApiParam为数组参数添加描述

1.4 可选配置

在application.properties中加入以下配置，用于设置测试请求的host，默认在swagger ui上做请求测试时都是以/users/1为路径发送请求。
如果需要改变请求的根路径，就需要配置这个参数：
springfox.documentation.swagger.v2.host = yourapp.abc.com

配置获取api docs json数据的请求路径 ，默认为/v2/api-docs：
springfox.documentation.swagger.v2.path = /api

2. springfox-staticdocs 生成静态文档

springfox

2.1 Maven 配置

<dependency> <groupId>io.springfox</groupId> <artifactId>springfox-staticdocs</artifactId> <version>2.2.2</version> <scope>test</scope> </dependency>

2.2 生成json文件

编写Junit测试，这样在测试环节就可以将api-docs的json数据写入文档，便于下一步生成asciidoc文件。

@WebAppConfiguration @RunWith(SpringJUnit4ClassRunner.class) @SpringBootTest(classes = DemoBootApplication.class) public class Swagger2MarkupTest { @Autowired private WebApplicationContext context; private MockMvc mockMvc; @Before public void setUp() { this.mockMvc = MockMvcBuilders.webAppContextSetup(this.context).build(); } @Test public void createSpringfoxSwaggerJson() throws Exception { String outputDir = "src/docs/json"; //将api-docs的json数据写入文件 MvcResult mvcResult = this.mockMvc.perform(get("/v2/api-docs") .accept(MediaType.APPLICATION_JSON)) .andExpect(status().isOk()) .andReturn(); MockHttpServletResponse response = mvcResult.getResponse(); String swaggerJson = response.getContentAsString(); Files.createDirectories(Paths.get(outputDir)); try (BufferedWriter writer = Files.newBufferedWriter(Paths.get(outputDir, "swagger.json"), StandardCharsets.UTF_8)) { writer.write(swaggerJson); } } }

2.3 配置Maven Plugin

配置以下两个插件：
swagger2markup-maven-plugin，该插件将json文件转为asciidoc
asciidoctor-maven-plugin, 该插件将asciidoc转为html/pdf

执行Maven命令 ： mvn swagger2markup:convertSwagger2markup process-resources

生成的html文档存储在src\main\resources\META-INF\resources\docs目录下。
启动DemoBootApplication，直接访问http://localhost:8080/docs/index.html。

<pluginRepositories> <pluginRepository> <id>jcenter-snapshots</id> <name>jcenter</name> <url>http://oss.jfrog.org/artifactory/oss-snapshot-local/</url> </pluginRepository> <pluginRepository> <snapshots> <enabled>false</enabled> </snapshots> <id>jcenter-releases</id> <name>jcenter</name> <url>http://jcenter.bintray.com</url> </pluginRepository> </pluginRepositories> <build> <plugins> <!-- First, use the swagger2markup plugin to generate asciidoc --> <plugin> <groupId>io.github.swagger2markup</groupId> <artifactId>swagger2markup-maven-plugin</artifactId> <version>${swagger2markup.plugin.version}</version> <dependencies> <dependency> <groupId>io.github.swagger2markup</groupId> <artifactId>swagger2markup-import-files-ext</artifactId> <version>${swagger2markup.extension.version}</version> </dependency> <dependency> <groupId>io.github.swagger2markup</groupId> <artifactId>swagger2markup</artifactId> <version>${swagger2markup.version}</version> </dependency> </dependencies> <configuration> <!--The URL or file path to the Swagger specification--> <swaggerInput>${swagger.input}</swaggerInput> <outputDir>${generated.asciidoc.directory}</outputDir> <config> <!--设置输出文件的语言：ASCIIDOC, MARKDOWN, CONFLUENCE_MARKUP--> <swagger2markup.markupLanguage>ASCIIDOC</swagger2markup.markupLanguage> <!--设置目录的展现方式--> <swagger2markup.pathsGroupedBy>TAGS</swagger2markup.pathsGroupedBy> <!--扩展Overview的内容，可以增加一些自定义的内容--> <!--<swagger2markup.extensions.dynamicOverview.contentPath>${project.basedir}/src/docs/asciidoc/extensions/overview</swagger2markup.extensions.dynamicOverview.contentPath> <swagger2markup.extensions.dynamicDefinitions.contentPath>${project.basedir}/src/docs/asciidoc/extensions/definitions</swagger2markup.extensions.dynamicDefinitions.contentPath> <swagger2markup.extensions.dynamicPaths.contentPath>${project.basedir}/src/docs/asciidoc/extensions/paths</swagger2markup.extensions.dynamicPaths.contentPath> <swagger2markup.extensions.dynamicSecurity.contentPath>${project.basedir}src/docs/asciidoc/extensions/security</swagger2markup.extensions.dynamicSecurity.contentPath>--> </config> </configuration> <executions> <execution> <phase>generate-sources</phase> <goals> <goal>convertSwagger2markup</goal> </goals> </execution> </executions> </plugin> <!-- Run the generated asciidoc through Asciidoctor to generate other documentation types, such as PDFs or HTML5 --> <plugin> <groupId>org.asciidoctor</groupId> <artifactId>asciidoctor-maven-plugin</artifactId> <version>1.5.3</version> <!-- Include Asciidoctor PDF for pdf generation --> <dependencies> <dependency> <groupId>org.asciidoctor</groupId> <artifactId>asciidoctorj-pdf</artifactId> <version>1.5.0-alpha.11</version> </dependency> <!-- Comment this section to use the default jruby artifact provided by the plugin --> <dependency> <groupId>org.jruby</groupId> <artifactId>jruby-complete</artifactId> <version>${jruby.version}</version> </dependency> <!-- Comment this section to use the default AsciidoctorJ artifact provided by the plugin --> <dependency> <groupId>org.asciidoctor</groupId> <artifactId>asciidoctorj</artifactId> <version>${asciidoctorj.version}</version> </dependency> </dependencies> <!-- Configure generic document generation settings --> <configuration> <!--默认指向 ${basedir}/src/main/asciidoc--> <sourceDirectory>${asciidoctor.input.directory}</sourceDirectory> <!--an override to process a single source file; 默认指向 ${sourceDirectory} 中的所有文件--> <!--<sourceDocumentName>index.adoc</sourceDocumentName>--> <attributes> <doctype>book</doctype> <toc>left</toc> <toclevels>3</toclevels> <numbered></numbered> <hardbreaks></hardbreaks> <sectlinks></sectlinks> <sectanchors></sectanchors> <generated>${generated.asciidoc.directory}</generated> </attributes> </configuration> <!-- Since each execution can only handle one backend, run separate executions for each desired output type --> <executions> <execution> <id>output-html</id> <phase>generate-resources</phase> <goals> <goal>process-asciidoc</goal> </goals> <configuration> <backend>html5</backend> <outputDirectory>${asciidoctor.html.output.directory}</outputDirectory> </configuration> </execution> <!-- 生成PDF --> <!--<execution> <id>output-pdf</id> <phase>generate-resources</phase> <goals> <goal>process-asciidoc</goal> </goals> <configuration> <backend>pdf</backend> <outputDirectory>${asciidoctor.pdf.output.directory}</outputDirectory> </configuration> </execution>--> </executions> </plugin> </plugins> </build>

3. 其他说明

3.1 如何修改/v2/api-docs路径？

swagger-ui是通过获取接口的json数据渲染页面的，即通过swagger的注解将生成接口的描述服务，默认地址为/v2/api-docs,如果需要改变这个请求地址，可以在properties中配置springfox.documentation.swagger.v2.path。

3.2 如何设置所有请求的统一前缀？

默认请求都是以 / 根路径开始，如果我们的应用不是部署在根路径，比如以/platform部署，则可以通过一下方式设置请求的统一前缀。

@Bean public Docket createV1RestApi() { return new Docket(DocumentationType.SWAGGER_2) .apiInfo(apiInfo()) .select() .apis(RequestHandlerSelectors.basePackage(SWAGGER_SCAN_BASE_PACKAGE)) .paths(PathSelectors.any()) .build() .pathMapping("/platform"); // 在这里可以设置请求的统一前缀 }

3.3 接口文档中1.4和1.5的信息生成

接口文档中的 1.4和 1.5 则通过以下方式生成：
1.4 URI scheme
// 可以通过在properties中设置 springfox.documentation.swagger.v2.host属性
Host : localhost

// 待确认
BasePath : /

该Host也是swagger-ui发送测试请求的Host, 通常我们会将将接口文档部署在测试服务器，这样就需要设置Host，
否则请求都是通过localhost发送，请求不到测试服务器的接口。

1.5 Tags
@Api(value = "/v1/users",tags = "Users",description = "用户接口V1")
tags由Api注解的tags标签设置，如果不设置，则以类名作为tag

3.4 设置响应对象的Example

通过ApiModelProperty注解的example属性设置响应对象的示例：

@ApiModelProperty(value = "ID",example = "1") private Integer id; @ApiModelProperty(value = "姓名",example = "Admin") private String name; @ApiModelProperty(value = "地址",example = "171") private String address; @ApiModelProperty(value = "年龄",access = "hidden",example = "20") private int age; @ApiModelProperty(value = "性别",example = "1") private int sex; @ApiModelProperty(value = "生日",example = "2000-10-22")

链接

springfox文档

http://www.jianshu.com/p/b730b969b6a2