Xtrabackup&Innobackupex备份和恢复

环境:CentOs5.4,mysql5.1.48,percona xtrabackup/innobackupex 1.6.5

目前DB中只有一个DB/test和一张table:对其备份和恢复测试:

物理备份工具之xtrabckup(version:1.6.5)
备份过程:
1.全量备份(All DB)
./xtrabackup --defaults-file=/opt/mysql/my.cnf --backup --target-dir=/opt/xtrabackup_full

2.2次增量备份
./xtrabackup --defaults-file=/opt/mysql/my.cnf --backup --target-dir=/opt/xtrabackup_incr1 --incremental-base=/opt/xtrabackup_full
./xtrabackup --defaults-file=/opt/mysql/my.cnf --backup --target-dir=/opt/xtrabackup_incr2 --incremental-base=/opt/xtrabackup_incr1

3.备份*.frm,ib_logfile*,binlog
cp -rp /path/*.frm ib_logfile* binlog /data/log_files
恢复过程:
备份目录依次如下：
/opt/xtrabackup_full
/opt/xtrabackup_incr1
/opt/xtrabackup_incr2
1.service mysqld stop
2.rm -f /path/test/t.ibd #删除test库下t.idb表数据文件
3.copy t.frm 到 /path/test/下
4.prepare备份集
4.1,./xtrackup --defaults-file=/opt/mysql/my.cnf --apply-log-only --prepare --target-dir=/opt/xtrabackup_full #
加选项:--apply-log-only作用是:只应用redo log，不对数据的rollback，起到先合并事务日志#
4.2,./xtrbackup --defaults-file=/opt/mysql/my.cnf --apply-log-only --prepare --target-dir=/opt/xtrabckup_full in-cremental-dir=/opt/xtrabackup_incr1 #增量备份incr1文件事务日志应用且合并到full backup文件中#
4.3,./xtrabackup --defaults-file=/opt/mysql/my.cnf --prepare --target-dir=/opt/xtrabackup_full incremental-dir=/opt/
xtrabackup_incr2 #最后一个增量备份incr2事务日志应用且合并到full backup文件，同时rollback操作,保证数据完整和一致#
5.copy /xtrabackup_full/test/t.ibd 到 数据库/test/ 目录下
6.chown -R mysql.mysql /test/t.ibd
7.service mysqld start
8.dblink->use test;验证恢复数据;

innobackupex备份/恢复过程:
备份:
1.全量备份
./innobackupex --host=192.168.0.66 --port=3306 --user=root --password='123456' /opt/innobackup_full/allDB/ --defaults-file=/opt/mysql/my.cnf  [--databases=test] --no-timestamp
其中/opt/innobackup_full是存在目录，allDB是备份中命令自己创建,可变名称;

2.增量备份
./innobackupex --host=192.168.0.66 --port=3306 --user=root --password='123456' /opt/innobackup_full/incr1/ --defaults-file=/opt/mysql/my.cnf --incremental --incremental-basedir=/opt/innobackup_full/allDB/ [--databases=test] --no-timestamp
./innobackupex --host=192.168.0.66 --port=3306 --user=root --password='123456' /opt/innobackup_full/incr2/ --defaults-file=/opt/mysql/my.cnf --incremental --incremental-basedir=/opt/innobackup_full/incr1/ [--databases=test] --no-timestamp

恢复:
备份文件目录依次如下:
/opt/innobackup_full/allDB/
/opt/innobackup_full/incr1/
/opt/innobackup_full/incr2/
恢复开启前,
1.The datadir must be empty; 
Percona XtraBackup innobackupex --copy-back option will not copy over existing files. 
2.Also it’s important to note that MySQL server needs to be shut down before restore is performed. 
You can’t restore to a datadir of a running mysqld instance (except when importing a partial backup).
3.开始恢复prepare:
--apply-log,--redo-only 作用:merging all incrementals into full backup files except the last one
./innobackupex --host=192.168.0.66 --port=3306 --user=root --password='123456'  --apply-log --redo-only /opt/innobackup_full/allDB/ --defaults-file=/opt/mysql/my.cnf  [--databases=test]
./innobackupex --host=192.168.0.66 --port=3306 --user=root --password='123456'  --apply-log --redo-only /opt/innobackup_full/allDB/ --defaults-file=/opt/mysql/my.cnf  --databases=test --incremental-dir=/opt/innobackup_full/incr1/
./innobackupex --host=192.168.0.66 --port=3306 --user=root --password='123456'  --apply-log [--redo-only] /opt/innobackup_full/allDB/ --defaults-file=/opt/mysql/my.cnf  --databases=test --incremental-dir=/opt/innobackup_full/incr2/
./innobackupex --host=192.168.0.66 --port=3306 --user=root --password='123456'  --apply-log  /opt/innobackup_full/allDB/ --defaults-file=/opt/mysql/my.cnf  [--databases=test]
4.copy回备份数据库
Restoring Incremental Backups with innobackupex
./innobackupex --host=192.168.0.66 --port=3306 --user=root --password='123456' --copy-back /opt/innobackup_full/allDB/
这一步，完全可以通过OS级别的cp,rsync替换--copy-back自动copy文件;
5.grant mysql privileges;
chown -R mysql:mysql /path/data

注意1: 
The datadir must be empty; 
Percona XtraBackup innobackupex --copy-back option will not copy over existing files. 
Also it’s important to note that MySQL server needs to be shut down before restore is performed. 
You can’t restore to a datadir of a running mysqld instance (except when importing a partial backup).

注意2:
Note --redo-only should be used when merging all incrementals except the last one

--copy-back可能会出现的问题:
Original data directory is not empty! at /xtrabackup21/xtrabackup-1.6.5/bin/innobackupex line 538.