Oracle维护常用SQL语句汇总

如何远程判断Oracle数据库的安装平台
  select * from v$version;
  查看表空间的使用情况
  select sum(bytes)/(1024*1024) as free_space,tablespace_name
  from dba_free_space
  group by tablespace_name;
  SELECT A.TABLESPACE_NAME,A.BYTES TOTAL,B.BYTES USED, C.BYTES FREE,
  (B.BYTES*100)/A.BYTES "% USED",(C.BYTES*100)/A.BYTES "% FREE"
  FROM SYS.SM$TS_AVAIL A,SYS.SM$TS_USED B,SYS.SM$TS_FREE C
  WHERE A.TABLESPACE_NAME=B.TABLESPACE_NAME AND A.TABLESPACE_NAME=C.TABLESPACE_NAME;
  1、查看表空间的名称及大小
  select t.tablespace_name, round(sum(bytes/(1024*1024)),0) ts_size
  from dba_tablespaces t, dba_data_files d
  where t.tablespace_name = d.tablespace_name
  group by t.tablespace_name;
  2、查看表空间物理文件的名称及大小
  select tablespace_name, file_id, file_name,
  round(bytes/(1024*1024),0) total_space
  from dba_data_files
  order by tablespace_name;
  3、查看回滚段名称及大小
  select segment_name, tablespace_name, r.status,
  (initial_extent/1024) InitialExtent,(next_extent/1024) NextExtent,
  max_extents, v.curext CurExtent
  From dba_rollback_segs r, v$rollstat v
  Where r.segment_id = v.usn(+)
  order by segment_name ;
  4、查看控制文件
  select name from v$controlfile;
  5、查看日志文件
  select member from v$logfile;
  6、查看表空间的使用情况
  select sum(bytes)/(1024*1024) as free_space,tablespace_name
  from dba_free_space
  group by tablespace_name;
  SELECT A.TABLESPACE_NAME,A.BYTES TOTAL,B.BYTES USED, C.BYTES FREE,
  (B.BYTES*100)/A.BYTES "% USED",(C.BYTES*100)/A.BYTES "% FREE"
  FROM SYS.SM$TS_AVAIL A,SYS.SM$TS_USED B,SYS.SM$TS_FREE C
  WHERE A.TABLESPACE_NAME=B.TABLESPACE_NAME AND A.TABLESPACE_NAME=C.TABLESPACE_NAME;
  7、查看数据库库对象
  select owner, object_type, status, count(*) count# from all_objects group by owner, object_type, status;
  8、查看数据库的版本 
  Select version FROM Product_component_version
  Where SUBSTR(PRODUCT,1,6)='Oracle';
  9、查看数据库的创建日期和归档方式
  Select Created, Log_Mode, Log_Mode From V$Database;
  10、如何远程判断Oracle数据库的安装平台
  select * from v$version;
  11、查看数据表的参数信息
  SELECT partition_name, high_value, high_value_length, tablespace_name,
  pct_free, pct_used, ini_trans, max_trans, initial_extent,
  next_extent, min_extent, max_extent, pct_increase, FREELISTS,
  freelist_groups, LOGGING, BUFFER_POOL, num_rows, blocks,
  empty_blocks, avg_space, chain_cnt, avg_row_len, sample_size,
  last_analyzed
  FROM dba_tab_partitions
  --WHERE table_name = :tname AND table_owner = :towner
  ORDER BY partition_position
  12、查看还没提交的事务
  select * from v$locked_object;
  select * from v$transaction;
  14、回滚段查看
  select rownum, sys.dba_rollback_segs.segment_name Name, v$rollstat.extents
  Extents, v$rollstat.rssize Size_in_Bytes, v$rollstat.xacts XActs,
  v$rollstat.gets Gets, v$rollstat.waits Waits, v$rollstat.writes Writes,
  sys.dba_rollback_segs.status status from v$rollstat, sys.dba_rollback_segs,
  v$rollname where v$rollname.name(+) = sys.dba_rollback_segs.segment_name and
  v$rollstat.usn (+) = v$rollname.usn order by rownum
  15、捕捉运行很久的SQL
  column username format a12
  column opname format a16
  column progress format a8
  select username,sid,opname,
  round(sofar*100 / totalwork,0) || '%' as progress,
  time_remaining,sql_text
  from v$session_longops , v$sql
  where time_remaining <> 0
  and sql_address = address
  and sql_hash_value = hash_value
  /
  16。查看数据表的参数信息
  SELECT partition_name, high_value, high_value_length, tablespace_name,
  pct_free, pct_used, ini_trans, max_trans, initial_extent,
  next_extent, min_extent, max_extent, pct_increase, FREELISTS,
  freelist_groups, LOGGING, BUFFER_POOL, num_rows, blocks,
  empty_blocks, avg_space, chain_cnt, avg_row_len, sample_size,
  last_analyzed
  FROM dba_tab_partitions
  --WHERE table_name = :tname AND table_owner = :towner
  ORDER BY partition_position
  17。查找object为哪些进程所用
  select
  p.spid,
  s.sid,
  s.serial# serial_num,
  s.username user_name,
  a.type object_type,
  s.osuser os_user_name,
  a.owner,
  a.object object_name,
  decode(sign(48 - command),
  1,
  to_char(command), 'Action Code #' || to_char(command) ) action,
  p.program oracle_process,
  s.terminal terminal,
  s.program program,
  s.status session_status
  from v$session s, v$access a, v$process p
  where s.paddr = p.addr and
  s.type = 'USER' and
  a.sid = s.sid and
  a.object='SUBSCRIBER_ATTR'
  order by s.username, s.osuser
  18。耗资源的进程(top session)
  select s.schemaname schema_name, decode(sign(48 - command), 1,
  to_char(command), 'Action Code #' || to_char(command) ) action, status
  session_status, s.osuser os_user_name, s.sid, p.spid , s.serial# serial_num,
  nvl(s.username, '[Oracle process]') user_name, s.terminal terminal,
  s.program program, st.value criteria_value from v$sesstat st, v$session s , v$process p
  where st.sid = s.sid and st.statistic# = to_number('38') and ('ALL' = 'ALL'
  or s.status = 'ALL') and p.addr = s.paddr order by st.value desc, p.spid asc, s.username asc, s.osuser asc
  19。查看锁(lock)情况
  select /*+ RULE */ ls.osuser os_user_name, ls.username user_name,
  decode(ls.type, 'RW', 'Row wait enqueue lock', 'TM', 'DML enqueue lock', 'TX',
  'Transaction enqueue lock', 'UL', 'User supplied lock') lock_type,
  o.object_name object, decode(ls.lmode, 1, null, 2, 'Row Share', 3,
  'Row Exclusive', 4, 'Share', 5, 'Share Row Exclusive', 6, 'Exclusive', null)
  lock_mode, o.owner, ls.sid, ls.serial# serial_num, ls.id1, ls.id2
  from sys.dba_objects o, ( select s.osuser, s.username, l.type,
  l.lmode, s.sid, s.serial#, l.id1, l.id2 from v$session s,
  v$lock l where s.sid = l.sid ) ls where o.object_id = ls.id1 and o.owner
  <> 'SYS' order by o.owner, o.object_name
  根据sid查是哪台电脑的链接
  column osuser format a15
  column username format a10
  column machine format a30
  select osuser,machine,username,sid,serial# from v$session where sid='128';
  根据sid查对应的sql
  select SID,SQL_TEXT from v$open_cursor where SID='128';

 

20。查看等待(wait)情况
  SELECT v$waitstat.class, v$waitstat.count count, SUM(v$sysstat.value) sum_value
  FROM v$waitstat, v$sysstat WHERE v$sysstat.name IN ('db block gets',
  'consistent gets') group by v$waitstat.class, v$waitstat.count
  21。查看sga情况
  SELECT NAME, BYTES FROM SYS.V_$SGASTAT ORDER BY NAME ASC
  22。查看catched object
  SELECT owner, name, db_link, namespace,
  type, sharable_mem, loads, executions,
  locks, pins, kept FROM v$db_object_cache
  23。查看V$SQLAREA
  SELECT SQL_TEXT, SHARABLE_MEM, PERSISTENT_MEM, RUNTIME_MEM, SORTS,
  VERSION_COUNT, LOADED_VERSIONS, OPEN_VERSIONS, USERS_OPENING, EXECUTIONS,
  USERS_EXECUTING, LOADS, FIRST_LOAD_TIME, INVALIDATIONS, PARSE_CALLS, DISK_READS,
  BUFFER_GETS, ROWS_PROCESSED FROM V$SQLAREA
  24。查看object分类数量
  select decode (o.type#,1,'INDEX' , 2,'TABLE' , 3 , 'CLUSTER' , 4, 'VIEW' , 5 ,
  'SYNONYM' , 6 , 'SEQUENCE' , 'OTHER' ) object_type , count(*) quantity from
  sys.obj$ o where o.type# > 1 group by decode (o.type#,1,'INDEX' , 2,'TABLE' , 3
  , 'CLUSTER' , 4, 'VIEW' , 5 , 'SYNONYM' , 6 , 'SEQUENCE' , 'OTHER' ) union select
  'COLUMN' , count(*) from sys.col$ union select 'DB LINK' , count(*) from
  25。按用户查看object种类
  select u.name schema, sum(decode(o.type#, 1, 1, NULL)) indexes,
  sum(decode(o.type#, 2, 1, NULL)) tables, sum(decode(o.type#, 3, 1, NULL))
  clusters, sum(decode(o.type#, 4, 1, NULL)) views, sum(decode(o.type#, 5, 1,
  NULL)) synonyms, sum(decode(o.type#, 6, 1, NULL)) sequences,
  sum(decode(o.type#, 1, NULL, 2, NULL, 3, NULL, 4, NULL, 5, NULL, 6, NULL, 1))
  others from sys.obj$ o, sys.user$ u where o.type# >= 1 and u.user# =
  o.owner# and u.name <> 'PUBLIC' group by u.name order by
  sys.link$ union select 'CONSTRAINT' , count(*) from sys.con$
  26。有关connection的相关信息
  1)查看有哪些用户连接
  select s.osuser os_user_name, decode(sign(48 - command), 1, to_char(command),
  'Action Code #' || to_char(command) ) action, p.program oracle_process,
  status session_status, s.terminal terminal, s.program program,
  s.username user_name, s.fixed_table_sequence activity_meter, '' query,
  0 memory, 0 max_memory, 0 cpu_usage, s.sid, s.serial# serial_num
  from v$session s, v$process p where s.paddr=p.addr and s.type = 'USER'
  order by s.username, s.osuser
  2)根据v.sid查看对应连接的资源占用等情况
  select n.name,
  v.value,
  n.class,
  n.statistic#
  from v$statname n,
  v$sesstat v
  where v.sid = 71 and
  v.statistic# = n.statistic#
  order by n.class, n.statistic#
  3)根据sid查看对应连接正在运行的sql
  select /*+ PUSH_SUBQ */
  command_type,
  sql_text,
  sharable_mem,
  persistent_mem,
  runtime_mem,
  sorts,
  version_count,
  loaded_versions,
  open_versions,
  users_opening,
  executions,
  users_executing,
  loads,
  first_load_time,
  invalidations,
  parse_calls,
  disk_reads,
  buffer_gets,
  rows_processed,
  sysdate start_time,
  sysdate finish_time,
  '>' || address sql_address,
  'N' status
  from v$sqlarea
  where address = (select sql_address from v$session where sid = 71)
  27.查询表空间使用情况
  select a.tablespace_name "表空间名称",
  100-round((nvl(b.bytes_free,0)/a.bytes_alloc)*100,2) "占用率(%)",
  round(a.bytes_alloc/1024/1024,2) "容量(M)",
  round(nvl(b.bytes_free,0)/1024/1024,2) "空闲(M)",
  round((a.bytes_alloc-nvl(b.bytes_free,0))/1024/1024,2) "使用(M)",
  Largest "最大扩展段(M)",
  to_char(sysdate,'yyyy-mm-dd hh24:mi:ss') "采样时间"
  from (select f.tablespace_name,
  sum(f.bytes) bytes_alloc,
  sum(decode(f.autoextensible,'YES',f.maxbytes,'NO',f.bytes)) maxbytes
  from dba_data_files f
  group by tablespace_name) a,
  (select f.tablespace_name,
  sum(f.bytes) bytes_free
  from dba_free_space f
  group by tablespace_name) b,
  (select round(max(ff.length)*16/1024,2) Largest,
  ts.name tablespace_name
  from sys.fet$ ff, sys.file$ tf,sys.ts$ ts
  where ts.ts#=ff.ts# and ff.file#=tf.relfile# and ts.ts#=tf.ts#
  group by ts.name, tf.blocks) c
  where a.tablespace_name = b.tablespace_name and a.tablespace_name = c.tablespace_name
  28. 查询表空间的碎片程度
  select tablespace_name,count(tablespace_name) from dba_free_space group by tablespace_name
  having count(tablespace_name)>10;
  alter tablespace name coalesce;
  alter table name deallocate unused;
  create or replace view ts_blocks_v as
  select tablespace_name,block_id,bytes,blocks,'free space' segment_name from dba_free_space
  union all
  select tablespace_name,block_id,bytes,blocks,segment_name from dba_extents;
  select * from ts_blocks_v;
  select tablespace_name,sum(bytes),max(bytes),count(block_id) from dba_free_space
  group by tablespace_name;
  29。查询有哪些数据库实例在运行
  select inst_name from v$active_instances;
  30. 查找oracle性能瓶颈sql
  select sql_text,spid,v$session.program,process from
  v$sqlarea,v$session,v$process
  where v$sqlarea.address=v$session.sql_address
  and v$sqlarea.hash_value=v$session.sql_hash_value
  and v$session.paddr=v$process.addr
  and v$process.spid in (操作系统PID);
  select sid,event,p1,p1text from v$session_wait;
  31. 找出最耗资源的sql
  select * from v$process where spid='2796';
  select sql_hash_value,machine,username,program from v$session where PAddr='63B7A584';
  select * from v$sqltext where hash_value='833203018';
  select * from v$sql where hash_value='833203018';
  select * from v$sqlarea where hash_value='833203018';
  SELECT a.username,a.machine,a.program,a.sid,a.serial#,a.status,c.piece,c.sql_text FROM v$session a,v$process b,v$sqltext c WHERE b.spid='2796' AND b.addr=a.paddr AND a.sql_address=c.address(+) ORDER BY c.piece要找出最耗资源的sql,我们可以首先使用top等工具,找到最好资源的进程(记住进程号),例如,操作系统进程号为2796,然后根据这个进程号(v$process.spid)在v$process中找到进程地址(v$process.addr),然后根据这个地址在 v$session中找到相应的sid(v$session.sid),然后根据这个sid找到相应的hash alue(v$session. sql_hash_value),然后根据这个hash alue在v$sqltext,$sql,v$sqlarea等视图中找到对应的sql语句(sql_text)。
  select * from v$process where spid='2796';
  select sql_hash_value,machine,username,program from v$session where PAddr='63B7A584';
  select * from v$sqltext where hash_value='833203018';
  select * from v$sql where hash_value='833203018';
  select * from v$sqlarea where hash_value='833203018';
  SELECT a.username,a.machine,a.program,a.sid,a.serial#,a.status,c.piece,c.sql_text FROM v$session a,v$process b,v$sqltext c WHERE b.spid='2796' AND b.addr=a.paddr AND a.sql_address=c.address(+) ORDER BY c.piece

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