POI操作EXCEL技巧

1.创建工作簿 (WORKBOOK)

     HSSFWorkbook wb = new HSSFWorkbook();

     FileOutputStream fileOut = new FileOutputStream("workbook.xls");

    wb.write(fileOut);

    fileOut.close();

 2.创建工作表（SHEET）

     HSSFWorkbook wb = new HSSFWorkbook();

     HSSFSheet sheet1 = wb.createSheet("new sheet");

     HSSFSheet sheet2 = wb.createSheet("second sheet");

     FileOutputStream fileOut = new FileOutputStream("workbook.xls");

    wb.write(fileOut);

    fileOut.close();

 3.创建单元格(CELL)

     HSSFWorkbook wb = new HSSFWorkbook();

     HSSFSheet sheet = wb.createSheet("new sheet");

     // Create a row and put some cells in it. Rows are 0 based.

     HSSFRow row = sheet.createRow((short)0);

     // Create a cell and put a value in it.

     HSSFCell cell = row.createCell((short)0);

     cell.setCellValue(1);

     // Or do it on one line.

     row.createCell((short)1).setCellValue(1.2);

     row.createCell((short)2).setCellValue("This is a string");

     row.createCell((short)3).setCellValue(true);

     // Write the output to a file

     FileOutputStream fileOut = new FileOutputStream("workbook.xls");

    wb.write(fileOut);

    fileOut.close();

 4.创建指定单元格式的单元格

     HSSFWorkbook wb = new HSSFWorkbook();

     HSSFSheet sheet = wb.createSheet("new sheet");

     // Create a row and put some cells in it. Rows are 0 based.

     HSSFRow row = sheet.createRow((short)0);

     // Create a cell and put a date value in it.  The first cell is not styled

     // as a date.

     HSSFCell cell = row.createCell((short)0);

     cell.setCellValue(new Date());

     // we style the second cell as a date (and time).  It is important to

     // create a new cell style from the workbook otherwise you can end up

     // modifying the built in style and effecting not only this cell but other cells.

    HSSFCellStyle cellStyle = wb.createCellStyle();

     cellStyle.setDataFormat(HSSFDataFormat.getBuiltinFormat("m/d/yy h:mm"));

     cell = row.createCell((short)1);

     cell.setCellValue(new Date());

    cell.setCellStyle(cellStyle);

     // Write the output to a file

     FileOutputStream fileOut = new FileOutputStream("workbook.xls");

    wb.write(fileOut);

    fileOut.close();

 5. 单元格的不同格式

     HSSFWorkbook wb = new HSSFWorkbook();

     HSSFSheet sheet = wb.createSheet("new sheet");

     HSSFRow row = sheet.createRow((short)2);

     row.createCell((short) 0).setCellValue(1.1);

     row.createCell((short) 1).setCellValue(new Date());

     row.createCell((short) 2).setCellValue("a string");

     row.createCell((short) 3).setCellValue(true);

     row.createCell((short) 4).setCellType(HSSFCell.CELL_TYPE_ERROR);

     // Write the output to a file

     FileOutputStream fileOut = new FileOutputStream("workbook.xls");

    wb.write(fileOut);

    fileOut.close();

 6.单元格的不通对齐方式

     public static void main(String[] args)

             throws IOException

    {

         HSSFWorkbook wb = new HSSFWorkbook();

         HSSFSheet sheet = wb.createSheet("new sheet");

         HSSFRow row = sheet.createRow((short) 2);

         createCell(wb, row, (short) 0, HSSFCellStyle.ALIGN_CENTER);

         createCell(wb, row, (short) 1, HSSFCellStyle.ALIGN_CENTER_SELECTION);

         createCell(wb, row, (short) 2, HSSFCellStyle.ALIGN_FILL);

         createCell(wb, row, (short) 3, HSSFCellStyle.ALIGN_GENERAL);

         createCell(wb, row, (short) 4, HSSFCellStyle.ALIGN_JUSTIFY);

         createCell(wb, row, (short) 5, HSSFCellStyle.ALIGN_LEFT);

         createCell(wb, row, (short) 6, HSSFCellStyle.ALIGN_RIGHT);

         // Write the output to a file

         FileOutputStream fileOut = new FileOutputStream("workbook.xls");

        wb.write(fileOut);

        fileOut.close();

    }

     /**

     * Creates a cell and aligns it a certain way.

     *

     * @param wb        the workbook

     * @param row       the row to create the cell in

     * @param column    the column number to create the cell in

     * @param align     the alignment for the cell.

     */

     private static void createCell(HSSFWorkbook wb, HSSFRow row, short column, short align)

    {

        HSSFCell cell = row.createCell(column);

         cell.setCellValue("Align It");

        HSSFCellStyle cellStyle = wb.createCellStyle();

        cellStyle.setAlignment(align);

        cell.setCellStyle(cellStyle);

    }

 7.单元格的边框设置

Working with borders

     HSSFWorkbook wb = new HSSFWorkbook();

     HSSFSheet sheet = wb.createSheet("new sheet");

     // Create a row and put some cells in it. Rows are 0 based.

     HSSFRow row = sheet.createRow((short) 1);

     // Create a cell and put a value in it.

     HSSFCell cell = row.createCell((short) 1);

     cell.setCellValue(4);

     // Style the cell with borders all around.

    HSSFCellStyle style = wb.createCellStyle();

    style.setBorderBottom(HSSFCellStyle.BORDER_THIN);

    style.setBottomBorderColor(HSSFColor.BLACK.index);

    style.setBorderLeft(HSSFCellStyle.BORDER_THIN);

    style.setLeftBorderColor(HSSFColor.GREEN.index);

    style.setBorderRight(HSSFCellStyle.BORDER_THIN);

    style.setRightBorderColor(HSSFColor.BLUE.index);

    style.setBorderTop(HSSFCellStyle.BORDER_MEDIUM_DASHED);

    style.setTopBorderColor(HSSFColor.BLACK.index);

    cell.setCellStyle(style);

     // Write the output to a file

     FileOutputStream fileOut = new FileOutputStream("workbook.xls");

    wb.write(fileOut);

    fileOut.close();

 8.填充和颜色设置

     HSSFWorkbook wb = new HSSFWorkbook();

     HSSFSheet sheet = wb.createSheet("new sheet");

     // Create a row and put some cells in it. Rows are 0 based.

     HSSFRow row = sheet.createRow((short) 1);

     // Aqua background

    HSSFCellStyle style = wb.createCellStyle();

    style.setFillBackgroundColor(HSSFColor.AQUA.index);

    style.setFillPattern(HSSFCellStyle.BIG_SPOTS);

     HSSFCell cell = row.createCell((short) 1);

     cell.setCellValue("X");

    cell.setCellStyle(style);

     // Orange "foreground", foreground being the fill foreground not the font color.

    style = wb.createCellStyle();

    style.setFillForegroundColor(HSSFColor.ORANGE.index);

    style.setFillPattern(HSSFCellStyle.SOLID_FOREGROUND);

     cell = row.createCell((short) 2);

     cell.setCellValue("X");

    cell.setCellStyle(style);

     // Write the output to a file

     FileOutputStream fileOut = new FileOutputStream("workbook.xls");

    wb.write(fileOut);

    fileOut.close();

 9.合并单元格操作

     HSSFWorkbook wb = new HSSFWorkbook();

     HSSFSheet sheet = wb.createSheet("new sheet");

     HSSFRow row = sheet.createRow((short) 1);

     HSSFCell cell = row.createCell((short) 1);

     cell.setCellValue("This is a test of merging");

     sheet.addMergedRegion(new Region(1,(short)1,1,(short)2));

     // Write the output to a file

     FileOutputStream fileOut = new FileOutputStream("workbook.xls");

    wb.write(fileOut);

    fileOut.close();

 10.字体设置

     HSSFWorkbook wb = new HSSFWorkbook();

     HSSFSheet sheet = wb.createSheet("new sheet");

     // Create a row and put some cells in it. Rows are 0 based.

     HSSFRow row = sheet.createRow((short) 1);

     // Create a new font and alter it.

    HSSFFont font = wb.createFont();

     font.setFontHeightInPoints((short)24);

     font.setFontName("Courier New");

     font.setItalic(true);

     font.setStrikeout(true);

     // Fonts are set into a style so create a new one to use.

    HSSFCellStyle style = wb.createCellStyle();

    style.setFont(font);

     // Create a cell and put a value in it.

     HSSFCell cell = row.createCell((short) 1);

     cell.setCellValue("This is a test of fonts");

    cell.setCellStyle(style);

     // Write the output to a file

     FileOutputStream fileOut = new FileOutputStream("workbook.xls");

    wb.write(fileOut);

    fileOut.close();

 11.自定义颜色

     HSSFWorkbook wb = new HSSFWorkbook();

    HSSFSheet sheet = wb.createSheet();

     HSSFRow row = sheet.createRow((short) 0);

     HSSFCell cell = row.createCell((short) 0);

     cell.setCellValue("Default Palette");

     //apply some colors from the standard palette,

     // as in the previous examples.

     //we'll use red text on a lime background

    HSSFCellStyle style = wb.createCellStyle();

    style.setFillForegroundColor(HSSFColor.LIME.index);

    style.setFillPattern(HSSFCellStyle.SOLID_FOREGROUND);

    HSSFFont font = wb.createFont();

    font.setColor(HSSFColor.RED.index);

    style.setFont(font);

    cell.setCellStyle(style);

     //save with the default palette

     FileOutputStream out = new FileOutputStream("default_palette.xls");

    wb.write(out);

    out.close();

     //now, let's replace RED and LIME in the palette

     // with a more attractive combination

     // (lovingly borrowed from freebsd.org)

     cell.setCellValue("Modified Palette");

     //creating a custom palette for the workbook

    HSSFPalette palette = wb.getCustomPalette();

     //replacing the standard red with freebsd.org red

    palette.setColorAtIndex(HSSFColor.RED.index,

             (byte) 153,  //RGB red (0-255)

             (byte) 0,    //RGB green

             (byte) 0     //RGB blue

    );

     //replacing lime with freebsd.org gold

     palette.setColorAtIndex(HSSFColor.LIME.index, (byte) 255, (byte) 204, (byte) 102);

     //save with the modified palette

     // note that wherever we have previously used RED or LIME, the

     // new colors magically appear

     out = new FileOutputStream("modified_palette.xls");

    wb.write(out);

    out.close();

 12.读和重写EXCEL文件

    POIFSFileSystem fs      =

             new POIFSFileSystem(new FileInputStream("workbook.xls"));

     HSSFWorkbook wb = new HSSFWorkbook(fs);

     HSSFSheet sheet = wb.getSheetAt(0);

     HSSFRow row = sheet.getRow(2);

     HSSFCell cell = row.getCell((short)3);

     if (cell == null)

         cell = row.createCell((short)3);

    cell.setCellType(HSSFCell.CELL_TYPE_STRING);

     cell.setCellValue("a test");

     // Write the output to a file

     FileOutputStream fileOut = new FileOutputStream("workbook.xls");

    wb.write(fileOut);

    fileOut.close();

 13.在EXCEL单元格中使用自动换行

     HSSFWorkbook wb = new HSSFWorkbook();

    HSSFSheet s = wb.createSheet();

     HSSFRow r = null;

     HSSFCell c = null;

    HSSFCellStyle cs = wb.createCellStyle();

    HSSFFont f = wb.createFont();

    HSSFFont f2 = wb.createFont();

    cs = wb.createCellStyle();

    cs.setFont( f2 );

     //Word Wrap MUST be turned on

     cs.setWrapText( true );

     r = s.createRow( (short) 2 );

     r.setHeight( (short) 0x349 );

     c = r.createCell( (short) 2 );

    c.setCellType( HSSFCell.CELL_TYPE_STRING );

     c.setCellValue( "Use \n with word wrap on to create a new line" );

    c.setCellStyle( cs );

     s.setColumnWidth( (short) 2, (short) ( ( 50 * 8 ) / ( (double) 1 / 20 ) ) );

     FileOutputStream fileOut = new FileOutputStream( "workbook.xls" );

    wb.write( fileOut );

    fileOut.close();

 14.数字格式自定义

     HSSFWorkbook wb = new HSSFWorkbook();

     HSSFSheet sheet = wb.createSheet("format sheet");

    HSSFCellStyle style;

    HSSFDataFormat format = wb.createDataFormat();

    HSSFRow row;

    HSSFCell cell;

     short rowNum = 0;

     short colNum = 0;

    row = sheet.createRow(rowNum++);

    cell = row.createCell(colNum);

     cell.setCellValue(11111.25);

    style = wb.createCellStyle();

     style.setDataFormat(format.getFormat("0.0"));

    cell.setCellStyle(style);

    row = sheet.createRow(rowNum++);

    cell = row.createCell(colNum);

     cell.setCellValue(11111.25);

    style = wb.createCellStyle();

     style.setDataFormat(format.getFormat("#,##0.0000"));

    cell.setCellStyle(style);

     FileOutputStream fileOut = new FileOutputStream("workbook.xls");

    wb.write(fileOut);

    fileOut.close();

 15.调整工作单位置

     HSSFWorkbook wb = new HSSFWorkbook();

     HSSFSheet sheet = wb.createSheet("format sheet");

    HSSFPrintSetup ps = sheet.getPrintSetup();

     sheet.setAutobreaks(true);

     ps.setFitHeight((short)1);

     ps.setFitWidth((short)1);



     // Create various cells and rows for spreadsheet.

     FileOutputStream fileOut = new FileOutputStream("workbook.xls");

    wb.write(fileOut);

    fileOut.close();

 16.设置打印区域

     HSSFWorkbook wb = new HSSFWorkbook();

     HSSFSheet sheet = wb.createSheet("Sheet1");

     wb.setPrintArea(0, "$A$1:$C$2");

     //sets the print area for the first sheet

     //Alternatively:

     //wb.setPrintArea(0, 0, 1, 0, 0) is equivalent to using the name reference (See the JavaDocs for more details)

     // Create various cells and rows for spreadsheet.

     FileOutputStream fileOut = new FileOutputStream("workbook.xls");

    wb.write(fileOut);

    fileOut.close();

 17.标注脚注

     HSSFWorkbook wb = new HSSFWorkbook();

     HSSFSheet sheet = wb.createSheet("format sheet");

    HSSFFooter footer = sheet.getFooter()

     footer.setRight( <s