Listener、Filter、Servlet都有一个初始化的过程,对应的方法分别为:
contextInitialized(ServletContextEvent arg0)
init(FilterConfig filterConfig)
init(ServletConfig config)
那么它们的初始化顺序是什么呢?
Listener > Filter > Servlet
TestServlet.java
package com.cos; import java.io.IOException; import javax.servlet.GenericServlet; import javax.servlet.ServletConfig; import javax.servlet.ServletException; import javax.servlet.ServletRequest; import javax.servlet.ServletResponse; public class TestServlet extends GenericServlet { @Override public void init(ServletConfig config){ System.out.println("Servlet 初始化 。。。"); } @Override public void service(ServletRequest arg0, ServletResponse arg1) throws ServletException, IOException { System.out.println("Servlet service 。。。"); } }
TestFilter.java
package com.cos; import java.io.IOException; import javax.servlet.Filter; import javax.servlet.FilterChain; import javax.servlet.FilterConfig; import javax.servlet.ServletException; import javax.servlet.ServletRequest; import javax.servlet.ServletResponse; public class TestFilter implements Filter{ public void init(FilterConfig filterConfig) throws ServletException { System.out.println("Filter 初始化。。。"); } public void doFilter(ServletRequest request, ServletResponse response, FilterChain chain) throws IOException, ServletException { System.out.println("doFilter 。。。"); chain.doFilter(request, response); } public void destroy() { System.out.println("Filter 销毁。。。"); } }
TestListener.java
package com.cos; import javax.servlet.ServletContextEvent; import javax.servlet.ServletContextListener; public class TestListener implements ServletContextListener{ public void contextInitialized(ServletContextEvent arg0) { System.out.println("Listener 初始化。。。"); } public void contextDestroyed(ServletContextEvent arg0) { System.out.println("Listener 销毁。。。"); } }
web.xml
<?xml version="1.0" encoding="UTF-8"?> <web-app version="2.5" xmlns="http://java.sun.com/xml/ns/javaee" xmlns:xsi="http://www.w3.org/2001/XMLSchema-instance" xsi:schemaLocation="http://java.sun.com/xml/ns/javaee http://java.sun.com/xml/ns/javaee/web-app_2_5.xsd"> <servlet> <servlet-name>s</servlet-name> <servlet-class>com.cos.TestServlet</servlet-class> </servlet> <servlet-mapping> <servlet-name>s</servlet-name> <url-pattern>/login</url-pattern> </servlet-mapping> <filter> <filter-name>f</filter-name> <filter-class>com.cos.TestFilter</filter-class> </filter> <filter-mapping> <filter-name>f</filter-name> <url-pattern>/*</url-pattern> </filter-mapping> <listener> <listener-class>com.cos.TestListener</listener-class> </listener> </web-app>
启动tomcat后,在控制台里以此打印出:
Listener 初始化。。。
Filter 初始化。。。
信息: Server startup in 675 ms
可以看出Listener的初始化最早,Filter次之。他俩的初始化都是在容器启动完成之前初始化的。
Servlet没有初始化,原因是没有匹配的请求进来。
如果想要servlet自动初始化,需要在指定的servlet中配置<load-on-startup>参数,没有此标签,默认启动时servlet不进行初始化。
初始化的顺序跟Listener、Filter、Servlet在web.xml中的顺序无关
而多个Filter或多个Servlet的时候,谁的mapping在前面,谁先初始化。
如果web.xml中配置了<context-param>,初始化顺序:
context-param > Listener > Filter > Servlet