Groovy Tip 34 Groovy语言的here-docs

Groovy Tip 34 Groovy语言的here-docs

Groovy语言对Java字符串的改变,除了String对象的很多新功能,最大的好处就是引入了Gstring的概念,这些都在前面的文字中有过详细的阐述。除此之外,Groovy语言还引入了here-docs的概念,这就是本篇将要谈到的。

简单来说,here-docs就是用来解决字符串换行的问题。

在Java语言中,字符串换行有两种解决方法。

一种是通过"+"号连接,这种本身对字符串没有换行,因为字符串本身太长,通过换行来方便我们的阅读。这种场合最常用的是sql语句。如下:

private static final String sql = "select t.qdbid as itemdbid, "+

"t.itemtype as itemlev, "+

"t.itemname as itemname, "+

"t.sourceid as parentid "+

"from t_sp_qcddvbase t "+

"where t.yearmonth=? and "+

"t.isview LIKE '%Y%' "+

"order by t.itemtype, t.qdbid";

我们可能都写过了类似于上面的sql语句,在上面的语句中,为了方便我们的阅读,我们不得不为了一句sql语句,输入多个"+"号,还有多对引号。这大大的降低了我们的编码效率。同时,由于每一行的字符串都需要引号和"+"号连接,所以阅读性也并不是太好。

在Groovy语言中,我们引入了here-docs的概念,所谓"here-docs",在Groovy语言中,就是由三对双引号引起来的,可以换行的字符串。例如,使用"here-docs",我们就可以把上面的sql语句写成下面的样子:

private static final String sql = """select t.qdbid as itemdbid,

t.itemtype as itemlev,

t.itemname as itemname,

t.sourceid as parentid

from t_sp_qcddvbase t

where t.yearmonth=? and

t.isview LIKE '%Y%'

order by t.itemtype, t.qdbid""";

可以看到,使用"here-docs"的阅读性就比上面的Java语言的方式要强得多。而且编码也方便了很多。

同时,"here-docs"中的换行也是字符串中的真正换行。曾经,我们在Java语言中要用到字符串的换行,就必须借助于"\n"字符串。比如,一个网上书店的通知单的编码可能是如下的样子:

String name = "Wallace";

String sex = "male";

String[] books = new String[]{"Groovy in action","Grails in action"};

String time = "2009-05-20";

StringBuffer sb = new StringBuffer();

sb.append("Dear ");

if("male".equalsIgnoreCase(sex))

{

sb.append("Mr.");

}

else if("female".equalsIgnoreCase(sex))

{

sb.append("Ms.");

}

sb.append(name).append(",\n ");

sb.append("You has bought ");

sb.append(books.length).append(" books: ");

for(int i=0;i<books.length;i++)

{

sb.append(books[i]).append(",");

}

sb.append(" You will receive it at ").append(time);

sb.append("\n");

sb.append(" Thank You!");

System.out.println(sb.toString());

运行结果为:

Dear Mr.Wallace,

You has bought 2 books: Groovy in action,Grails in action, You will receive it at 2009-05-20

Thank You!

可以看到,编码十分的繁琐,代码的阅读性也很差。如果使用"here-docs"的话,编码将会是如下的样子:

String name = "Wallace"

String sex = "male"

String[] books = ["Groovy in action","Grails in action"]

String time = "2009-05-20"

def mrms = sex=='male'?'Mr':'Ms'

def bookNames = books.join(',')

def letter =

"""Dear ${mrms}.${name},

You has bought ${books.size()} books: ${bookNames}, You will receive it at $time

Thank You!"""

println letter

运行结果为:

Dear Mr.Wallace,

You has bought 2 books: Groovy in action,Grails in action, You will receive it at 2009-05-20

Thank You!

可以看到,由于"here-docs"也支持Gstring,所以使用"here-docs"对多行字符串进行编码,无论是代码量上,还是可读性上,都强了很多。

最后,值得注意的是,由于"here-docs"也是字符串,同样可以进行字符串的各种操作,请看如下的一个生成html标签的代码:

def list = ['Groovy in action','Grails in action']

def name = 'select1'

def select =

"""<select name="${name}">

"""

StringBuffer sb = new StringBuffer()

list.each{

sb <<" <option>${it}</option>\n"

}

select = select+sb.toString()

select = select+

"""

</select>"""

println select

里面既有"here-doc",又有双引号的字符串加上Gstring,然后再把它们连接起来,整个编码显得十分的灵活。

运行结果为:

<select name="select1">

<option>Groovy in action</option>

<option>Grails in action</option>

</select>

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