Oracle 重建控制文件 对 只读表空间 和 临时表空间 影响 测试

有关控制文件之前整理过一篇Blog，参考：

Oracle 控制文件

http://blog.csdn.net/tianlesoftware/article/details/4974440

这里主要是说明一下重建控制文件2个注意的地方：

1.对只读表空间

假如存在一个只读的表空间，那么在重建控制文件之后，read-only的数据文件会重命名为MISSING00005的格式，最后是5位数字，这个数据根据file_id 对应。并且datafile 也会变成offline。

所以在重建控制文件之后，我们需要对只读文件的datafile 进行rename 操作，还原成原来的名称，并且修改其状态为online。具体操作示例有说明。

在重建控制文件之前需要留意datafile 的文件名称，如果有多个datafile，那么就需要注意其顺序。这个需要注意一下。

2.TEMP 表空间

重建控制文件之后，原来的临时表空间中没有数据文件，需要单独添加。我们可以从DBA_TABLESPACES视图中查看到TEMP 表空间，但是在v$tempfile视图中却查看不到datafile。所以必须要手工的添加temporary datafile。

一.表空间read-only示例

--查看相关的信息

SQL> select tablespace_name,status from dba_tablespaces;

TABLESPACE_NAME STATUS

------------------------------ ---------

SYSTEM ONLINE

SYSAUX ONLINE

UNDOTBS1 ONLINE

TEMP ONLINE

USERS ONLINE

SQL> select file_name from dba_data_files;

FILE_NAME

--------------------------------------------------------------------------------

/u01/app/oracle/oradata/gg2/users01.dbf

/u01/app/oracle/oradata/gg2/undotbs01.dbf

/u01/app/oracle/oradata/gg2/sysaux01.dbf

/u01/app/oracle/oradata/gg2/system01.dbf

--创建表空间

SQL> create tablespace dave datafile'/u01/app/oracle/oradata/gg2/dave01.dbf' size 20M autoextendoff,'/u01/app/oracle/oradata/gg2/dave02.dbf' size 20M autoextend off;

Tablespace created.

SQL> select tablespace_name,status from dba_tablespaces;

TABLESPACE_NAME STATUS

------------------------------ ---------

SYSTEM ONLINE

SYSAUX ONLINE

UNDOTBS1 ONLINE

TEMP ONLINE

USERS ONLINE

DAVE ONLINE

6 rows selected.

SQL> col file_name for a43

SQL> selectfile_name,status,online_status from dba_data_files;

FILE_NAME STATUS ONLINE_

---------------------------------------------------- -------

/u01/app/oracle/oradata/gg2/users01.dbf AVAILABLE ONLINE

/u01/app/oracle/oradata/gg2/undotbs01.dbf AVAILABLE ONLINE

/u01/app/oracle/oradata/gg2/sysaux01.dbf AVAILABLE ONLINE

/u01/app/oracle/oradata/gg2/system01.dbf AVAILABLE SYSTEM

/u01/app/oracle/oradata/gg2/dave01.dbf AVAILABLE ONLINE

/u01/app/oracle/oradata/gg2/dave02.dbf AVAILABLE ONLINE

6 rows selected.

--将表空间dave设置成只读

SQL> alter tablespace dave read only;

Tablespace altered.

SQL> select tablespace_name,status from dba_tablespaces;

TABLESPACE_NAME STATUS

------------------------------ ---------

SYSTEM ONLINE

SYSAUX ONLINE

UNDOTBS1 ONLINE

TEMP ONLINE

USERS ONLINE

DAVE READ ONLY

6 rows selected.

SQL> selectfile_name,status,online_status from dba_data_files;

FILE_NAME STATUS ONLINE_

---------------------------------------------------- -------

/u01/app/oracle/oradata/gg2/users01.dbf AVAILABLE ONLINE

/u01/app/oracle/oradata/gg2/undotbs01.dbf AVAILABLE ONLINE

/u01/app/oracle/oradata/gg2/sysaux01.dbf AVAILABLE ONLINE

/u01/app/oracle/oradata/gg2/system01.dbf AVAILABLE SYSTEM

/u01/app/oracle/oradata/gg2/dave01.dbf AVAILABLE ONLINE

/u01/app/oracle/oradata/gg2/dave02.dbf AVAILABLE ONLINE

6 rows selected.

--将表空间设置成读写

SQL> alter tablespace dave read write;

Tablespace altered.

SQL> select tablespace_name,status from dba_tablespaces;

TABLESPACE_NAME STATUS

------------------------------ ---------

SYSTEM ONLINE

SYSAUX ONLINE

UNDOTBS1 ONLINE

TEMP ONLINE

USERSONLINE

DAVE ONLINE

6 rows selected.

SQL> selectfile_name,status,online_status from dba_data_files;

FILE_NAME STATUS ONLINE_

---------------------------------------------------- -------

/u01/app/oracle/oradata/gg2/users01.dbf AVAILABLE ONLINE

/u01/app/oracle/oradata/gg2/undotbs01.dbf AVAILABLE ONLINE

/u01/app/oracle/oradata/gg2/sysaux01.dbf AVAILABLE ONLINE

/u01/app/oracle/oradata/gg2/system01.dbf AVAILABLE SYSTEM

/u01/app/oracle/oradata/gg2/dave01.dbf AVAILABLE ONLINE

/u01/app/oracle/oradata/gg2/dave02.dbf AVAILABLE ONLINE

6 rows selected.

二. 重建控制文件 测试

2.1 先将表空间read-only

SQL> alter tablespace dave read only;

Tablespace altered.

2.2 将控制文件dump到trace

SQL> oradebug setmypid

Statement processed.

SQL> alter database backup controlfileto trace;

Database altered.

SQL> oradebug tracefile_name

/u01/app/oracle/diag/rdbms/gg2/gg2/trace/gg2_ora_3700.trc

2.3 查看trace 文件，取得控制文件创建的SQL 代码

--在这个trace文件里对我们的的影响写的很清楚：

gg3:/u01> cat /u01/app/oracle/diag/rdbms/gg2/gg2/trace/gg2_ora_3700.trc

Trace file/u01/app/oracle/diag/rdbms/gg2/gg2/trace/gg2_ora_3700.trc

Oracle Database 11g Enterprise EditionRelease 11.2.0.3.0 - 64bit Production

With the Partitioning, OLAP, Data Miningand Real Application Testing options

ORACLE_HOME =/u01/app/oracle/product/11.2.0.3/db_1

System name: Linux

Node name: gg3

Release: 2.6.18-164.el5xen

Version: #1 SMP Tue Aug 18 15:59:52 EDT 2009

Machine: x86_64

VM name: Xen Version: 3.1 (PVM)

Instance name: gg2

Redo thread mounted by this instance: 1

Oracle process number: 19

Unix process pid: 3700, image: oracle@gg3(TNS V1-V3)

…

*** 2012-02-03 14:15:26.571

-- The following are current System-scopeREDO Log Archival related

-- parameters and can be included in thedatabase initialization file.

--

-- LOG_ARCHIVE_DEST=''

-- LOG_ARCHIVE_DUPLEX_DEST=''

--

-- LOG_ARCHIVE_FORMAT=%t_%s_%r.dbf

--

-- DB_UNIQUE_NAME="gg2"

--

-- LOG_ARCHIVE_CONFIG='SEND, RECEIVE,NODG_CONFIG'

-- LOG_ARCHIVE_MAX_PROCESSES=4

-- STANDBY_FILE_MANAGEMENT=MANUAL

-- STANDBY_ARCHIVE_DEST=?/dbs/arch

-- FAL_CLIENT=''

-- FAL_SERVER=''

--

--LOG_ARCHIVE_DEST_1='LOCATION=/u01/archive'

-- LOG_ARCHIVE_DEST_1='OPTIONAL REOPEN=300NODELAY'

-- LOG_ARCHIVE_DEST_1='ARCH NOAFFIRMNOEXPEDITE NOVERIFY SYNC'

-- LOG_ARCHIVE_DEST_1='REGISTER NOALTERNATENODEPENDENCY'

-- LOG_ARCHIVE_DEST_1='NOMAX_FAILURENOQUOTA_SIZE NOQUOTA_USED NODB_UNIQUE_NAME'

-- LOG_ARCHIVE_DEST_1='VALID_FOR=(PRIMARY_ROLE,ONLINE_LOGFILES)'

-- LOG_ARCHIVE_DEST_STATE_1=ENABLE

--

-- Below are two sets of SQL statements,each of which creates a new

-- control file and uses it to open thedatabase. The first set opens

-- the database with the NORESETLOGS optionand should be used only if

-- the current versions of all online logsare available. The second

-- set opens the database with theRESETLOGS option and should be used

-- if online logs are unavailable.

-- The appropriate set of statements can becopied from the trace into

-- a script file, edited as necessary, andexecuted when there is a

-- need to re-create the control file.

--

-- Set #1. NORESETLOGS case

--以NORESETLOGS模式创建控制文件的详细步骤

--

-- The following commands will create a newcontrol file and use it

-- to open the database.

-- Data used by Recovery Manager will belost.

-- Additional logs may be required formedia recovery of offline

-- Use this only if the current versions ofall online logs are

-- available.

-- After mounting the created controlfile,the following SQL

-- statement will place the database in theappropriate

-- protection mode:

--ALTER DATABASE SET STANDBY DATABASE TO MAXIMIZE PERFORMANCE

STARTUP NOMOUNT

CREATE CONTROLFILE REUSE DATABASE"GG2" NORESETLOGS FORCE LOGGING ARCHIVELOG

MAXLOGFILES16

MAXLOGMEMBERS 3

MAXDATAFILES 100

MAXINSTANCES 8

MAXLOGHISTORY 292

LOGFILE

GROUP 1 '/u01/app/oracle/oradata/gg2/redo01.log' SIZE 50M BLOCKSIZE 512,

GROUP 2 '/u01/app/oracle/oradata/gg2/redo02.log' SIZE 50M BLOCKSIZE 512,

GROUP 3 '/u01/app/oracle/oradata/gg2/redo03.log' SIZE 50M BLOCKSIZE 512

-- STANDBY LOGFILE

DATAFILE

'/u01/app/oracle/oradata/gg2/system01.dbf',

'/u01/app/oracle/oradata/gg2/sysaux01.dbf',

'/u01/app/oracle/oradata/gg2/undotbs01.dbf',

'/u01/app/oracle/oradata/gg2/users01.dbf'

CHARACTER SET ZHS16GBK

;

-- Commands to re-create incarnation table

-- Below log names MUST be changed toexisting filenames on

-- disk. Any one log file from each branchcan be used to

-- re-create incarnation records.

-- ALTER DATABASE REGISTER LOGFILE'/u01/archive/1_1_762083164.dbf';

-- ALTER DATABASE REGISTER LOGFILE'/u01/archive/1_1_765219083.dbf';

-- Recovery is required if any of thedatafiles are restored backups,

-- or if the last shutdown was not normalor immediate.

RECOVER DATABASE

-- Set Database Guard and/or SupplementalLogging

ALTER DATABASE ADD SUPPLEMENTAL LOG DATA;

-- All logs need archiving and a log switchis needed.

ALTER SYSTEM ARCHIVE LOG ALL;

-- Database can now be opened normally.

ALTER DATABASE OPEN;

-- Files in read-only tablespaces are nownamed.

--注意这里，DBOPEN 之后，之前dave 表空间的数据文件名称发生了变化，我们需要重新对其进行rename，然后才可以onliedave 表空间。

ALTER DATABASE RENAME FILE 'MISSING00005'

TO'/u01/app/oracle/oradata/gg2/dave01.dbf';

ALTER DATABASE RENAME FILE 'MISSING00006'

TO'/u01/app/oracle/oradata/gg2/dave02.dbf';

-- Online the files in read-onlytablespaces.

ALTER TABLESPACE "DAVE" ONLINE;

-- Commands to add tempfiles to temporarytablespaces.

-- Online tempfiles have complete spaceinformation.

-- Other tempfiles may require adjustment.

ALTER TABLESPACE TEMP ADD TEMPFILE'/u01/app/oracle/oradata/gg2/temp01.dbf'

SIZE 20971520 REUSE AUTOEXTEND ONNEXT 655360 MAXSIZE 32767M;

-- End of tempfile additions.

--

--Set #2. RESETLOGS case

--以RESETLOGS模式重建控制文件的详细步骤

--

-- The following commands will create a newcontrol file and use it

-- to open the database.

-- Data used by Recovery Manager will belost.

-- The contents of online logs will be lostand all backups will

-- be invalidated. Use this only if onlinelogs are damaged.

-- After mounting the created controlfile,the following SQL

-- statement will place the database in theappropriate

-- protection mode:

--ALTER DATABASE SET STANDBY DATABASE TO MAXIMIZE PERFORMANCE

STARTUP NOMOUNT

CREATE CONTROLFILE REUSE DATABASE"GG2" RESETLOGS FORCE LOGGING ARCHIVELOG

MAXLOGFILES 16

MAXLOGMEMBERS 3

MAXDATAFILES 100

MAXINSTANCES 8

MAXLOGHISTORY 292

LOGFILE

GROUP 1 '/u01/app/oracle/oradata/gg2/redo01.log' SIZE 50M BLOCKSIZE 512,

GROUP 2 '/u01/app/oracle/oradata/gg2/redo02.log' SIZE 50M BLOCKSIZE 512,

GROUP 3 '/u01/app/oracle/oradata/gg2/redo03.log' SIZE 50M BLOCKSIZE 512

-- STANDBY LOGFILE

DATAFILE

'/u01/app/oracle/oradata/gg2/system01.dbf',

'/u01/app/oracle/oradata/gg2/sysaux01.dbf',

'/u01/app/oracle/oradata/gg2/undotbs01.dbf',

'/u01/app/oracle/oradata/gg2/users01.dbf'

CHARACTER SET ZHS16GBK

;

-- Commands to re-create incarnation table

-- Below log names MUST be changed toexisting filenames on

-- disk. Any one log file from each branchcan be used to

-- re-create incarnation records.

-- ALTER DATABASE REGISTER LOGFILE'/u01/archive/1_1_762083164.dbf';

-- ALTER DATABASE REGISTER LOGFILE'/u01/archive/1_1_765219083.dbf';

-- Recovery is required if any of thedatafiles are restored backups,

-- or if the last shutdown was not normalor immediate.

RECOVER DATABASE USING BACKUP CONTROLFILE

-- Set Database Guard and/or SupplementalLogging

ALTER DATABASE ADD SUPPLEMENTAL LOG DATA;

-- Database can now be opened zeroing theonline logs.

ALTER DATABASE OPENRESETLOGS;

-- Files in read-only tablespaces are nownamed.

--同样需要单独处理只读表空间

ALTER DATABASE RENAME FILE 'MISSING00005'

TO'/u01/app/oracle/oradata/gg2/dave01.dbf';

ALTER DATABASE RENAME FILE 'MISSING00006'

TO'/u01/app/oracle/oradata/gg2/dave02.dbf';

-- Online the files in read-onlytablespaces.

ALTER TABLESPACE "DAVE" ONLINE;

-- Commands to add tempfiles to temporarytablespaces.

-- Online tempfiles have complete spaceinformation.

-- Other tempfiles may require adjustment.

ALTER TABLESPACE TEMP ADD TEMPFILE'/u01/app/oracle/oradata/gg2/temp01.dbf'

SIZE 20971520 REUSE AUTOEXTEND ONNEXT 655360 MAXSIZE 32767M;

-- End of tempfile additions.

--

*** 2012-02-03 14:15:33.992

Processing Oradebug command'tracefile_name'

*** 2012-02-03 14:15:33.996

Oradebug command 'tracefile_name' consoleoutput:

/u01/app/oracle/diag/rdbms/gg2/gg2/trace/gg2_ora_3700.trc

gg3:/u01>

由此trace 文件可以确认，重建控制文件需要单独处理只读表空间和TEMP 表空间。

2.4 使用NORESETLOGS 模式重建控制文件

具体的操作步骤，在trace文件里有说明。

--DB 启动到nomount状态

SQL> shutdown immediate

Database closed.

Database dismounted.

ORACLE instance shut down.

SQL> startup nomount

ORACLE instance started.

Total System Global Area 1006305280 bytes

Fixed Size 2234600 bytes

Variable Size 650118936 bytes

Database Buffers 348127232 bytes

Redo Buffers 5824512 bytes

SQL>

--重建控制文件

SQL> CREATE CONTROLFILE REUSE DATABASE"GG2" NORESETLOGS FORCE LOGGING ARCHIVELOG

MAXLOGFILES 16

2 3 MAXLOGMEMBERS 3

4 MAXDATAFILES 100

5 MAXINSTANCES 8

6 MAXLOGHISTORY 292

7 LOGFILE

8 GROUP 1'/u01/app/oracle/oradata/gg2/redo01.log'SIZE 50M BLOCKSIZE 512,

9 GROUP 2'/u01/app/oracle/oradata/gg2/redo02.log'SIZE 50M BLOCKSIZE 512,

10 GROUP 3'/u01/app/oracle/oradata/gg2/redo03.log'SIZE 50M BLOCKSIZE 512

11 --STANDBY LOGFILE

12DATAFILE

13'/u01/app/oracle/oradata/gg2/system01.dbf',

14'/u01/app/oracle/oradata/gg2/sysaux01.dbf',

15'/u01/app/oracle/oradata/gg2/undotbs01.dbf',

16'/u01/app/oracle/oradata/gg2/users01.dbf'

17CHARACTER SET ZHS16GBK

18 ;

Control file created.

--控制文件的位置在初始化参数里指定。

--打开数据库

SQL> alterdatabase open;

Database altered.

--查看表空间和数据文件的状态：

SQL> colfile_name for a55

SQL> select tablespace_name,status from dba_tablespaces;

TABLESPACE_NAME STATUS

---------------------------------------

SYSTEM ONLINE

SYSAUX ONLINE

UNDOTBS1 ONLINE

TEMP ONLINE

USERS ONLINE

DAVE READ ONLY

6 rows selected.

SQL> selectfile_id,file_name,status,online_status from dba_data_files;

FILE_ID FILE_NAME STATUSONL

----------------------------------------------------------------- --------- ---

4/u01/app/oracle/oradata/gg2/users01.dbf AVAILABLE ONL

3/u01/app/oracle/oradata/gg2/undotbs01.dbf AVAILABLE ONL

2/u01/app/oracle/oradata/gg2/sysaux01.dbf AVAILABLE ONL

1/u01/app/oracle/oradata/gg2/system01.dbf AVAILABLE SYS

5/u01/app/oracle/product/11.2.0.3/db_1/dbs/MISSING00005 AVAILABLE OFF

6/u01/app/oracle/product/11.2.0.3/db_1/dbs/MISSING00006 AVAILABLE OFF

6 rows selected.

--注意这里，我们之前read only 的dave 表空间还是read only的，但是其对应的数据文件名称发生了改变，变成了MISSING00005，最后是5位数字，这个数据根据file_id对应。

同时注意这里的datafile 状态变成了offline。

--如果我们现在直接online 或者read write 表空间，都会报错：

SQL> altertablespace dave online;

alter tablespacedave online

*

ERROR at line 1:

ORA-01157: cannotidentify/lock data file 5 - see DBWR trace file

ORA-01111: namefor data file 5 is unknown - rename to correct file

ORA-01110: datafile 5:

'/u01/app/oracle/product/11.2.0.3/db_1/dbs/MISSING00005'

SQL> alter tablespace dave read write;

alter tablespace dave read write

*

ERROR at line 1:

ORA-01135: file 5accessed for DML/query is offline

ORA-01111: namefor data file 5 is unknown - rename to correct file

ORA-01110: datafile 5:

'/u01/app/oracle/product/11.2.0.3/db_1/dbs/MISSING00005'

也是提示我们需要对文件进行rename。

--现在对2个datafile 进行rename 操作：

SQL> ALTERDATABASE RENAME FILE 'MISSING00005'

2 TO'/u01/app/oracle/oradata/gg2/dave01.dbf';

Database altered.

SQL> ALTERDATABASE RENAME FILE 'MISSING00006'

2 TO'/u01/app/oracle/oradata/gg2/dave02.dbf';

Database altered.

--在将表空间online：

SQL> altertablespace dave read write;

alter tablespacedave read write

*

ERROR at line 1:

ORA-01135: file 5accessed for DML/query is offline

ORA-01110: datafile 5: '/u01/app/oracle/oradata/gg2/dave01.dbf'

因为之前的datafile 是offline的，所以我们直接修改表空间模式时，提示我们要访问的datafile 是offline的。

我们使用命令将表空间下的所有datafileonline，

SQL> altertablespace dave online;

Tablespace altered.

也可以使用alter database datafile 命令分次处理单个的datafile。

关于这个2个命令的区别参考我的blog：

ALTERDATABASE 与 ALTERTABLESPACE OFFLINE的区别

http://blog.csdn.net/tianlesoftware/article/details/4898800

现在我们就可以看到数据文件已经正常了：

SQL> select file_name,status,online_status from dba_data_files;

FILE_NAME STATUS ONLINE_

---------------------------------------------------------------- -------

/u01/app/oracle/oradata/gg2/users01.dbf AVAILABLE ONLINE

/u01/app/oracle/oradata/gg2/undotbs01.dbf AVAILABLE ONLINE

/u01/app/oracle/oradata/gg2/sysaux01.dbf AVAILABLE ONLINE

/u01/app/oracle/oradata/gg2/system01.dbf AVAILABLE SYSTEM

/u01/app/oracle/oradata/gg2/dave01.dbf AVAILABLE ONLINE

/u01/app/oracle/oradata/gg2/dave02.dbf AVAILABLE ONLINE

但是我们的表空间还是read only 的状态：

SQL> selecttablespace_name,status from dba_tablespaces;

TABLESPACE_NAME STATUS

---------------------------------------

SYSTEM ONLINE

SYSAUX ONLINE

UNDOTBS1 ONLINE

TEMP ONLINE

USERS ONLINE

DAVE READ ONLY

6 rows selected.

--但是要注意，我们重建控制文件之后还需要添加Temp 表空间，虽然我们从dba_tablespaces视图里可以查看到TEMP 表空间，但是该表空确实没有数据文件的，我们需要单独添加。

SQL> select * from v$tempfile;

no rows selected

--所以为了系统的正常运行，需要给TEMP 表空间添加数据文件：

SQL> ALTERTABLESPACE TEMP ADD TEMPFILE '/u01/app/oracle/oradata/gg2/temp01.dbf'

2SIZE 20971520 REUSE AUTOEXTEND ONNEXT 655360 MAXSIZE 32767M;

Tablespacealtered.

在次查询就ok了：

SQL> select name from v$tempfile;

NAME

--------------------------------------------------------------------------------

/u01/app/oracle/oradata/gg2/temp01.dbf

至此，我们重建控制文件的操作就算全部完成。

-------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------

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