RMAN 备份异机恢复 并创建新DBID
测试平台信息：
Oracle：11gR2
操作系统：Redhat 5.5
Target DB:dave
几点说明：
（1）RMAN 异机恢复的时候，db_name必须相同。 如果说要想改成其他的实例名，可以在恢复成功后，用nid 命令修改。 实例名的信息会记录到控制文件里，所以如果在恢复的时候，如果实例名不一致，恢复的时候会报错。
（2）如果恢复的路径和源库不一致，就需要在restore时用set 命令指定新位置。 并且使用switch datafile all将信息更新的到控制文件。
在做duplicate的时候，RMAN 会自动根据pfile中的log_file_name_convert和db_file_name_convert来进行set 的转换。 手工restore时，只能只只能使用set 命令。
（3）异机恢复对相同目录和不同目录都做了说明。
（4）最后测试了NID 修改DBID 和DBNAME.
一. Target 库准备工作：
1. 查询DBID
SQL> select name,dbid from v$database;
NAME DBID
--------- ----------
DAVE 808234286
2. 备份DB
关于RMAN 的shell 备份脚本，参考：
Nocatalog 下的RMAN 增量备份 shell脚本
http://blog.csdn.net/tianlesoftware/archive/2011/01/26/6164931.aspx
在这里我用0级和1级备份了下DB。
[oracle@qs-dmm-rh1 backup]$ ls
arch_0pm6qt8q_1_1_20110309 dave_lev0_0jm6qt77_1_1_20110309 dave_lev1_0um6qtcq_1_1_20110309
arch_0qm6qt8q_1_1_20110309 dave_lev0_0km6qt77_1_1_20110309 dave_lev1_0vm6qtcq_1_1_20110309
arch_13m6qtda_1_1_20110309 dave_lev0_0lm6qt77_1_1_20110309 dave_lev1_11m6qtd7_1_1_20110309
arch_14m6qtda_1_1_20110309 dave_lev0_0nm6qt7c_1_1_20110309 dave_spfile_16m6qtde_1_1_20110309
ctl_file_15m6qtdc_1_1_20110309 dave_lev1_0tm6qtcq_1_1_20110309
二. Auxiliary库准备工作：
1. 创建口令文件
[oracle@qs-dmm-rh2 trace]$ orapwd file=?/dbs/orapwdave password=oracle
2. 创建相关的目录
[oracle@qs-dmm-rh2 u01]$ mkdir oradata
[oracle@qs-dmm-rh2 oradata]$ pwd
/u01/oradata
3. 创建初始化参数
将Target 库的pfile 文件copy过来。
也可以使用RMAN 从我们Target库的备份集中恢复，因为我们之前备份过spfile。不过使用RMAN， DB要先启动到nomout 状态。 这个可以用默认的init.ora 来启动。
[oracle@qs-dmm-rh2 backup]$ export ORACLE_SID=dave
[oracle@qs-dmm-rh2 backup]$ rman target /
Recovery Manager: Release 11.2.0.1.0 - Production on Fri Mar 11 15:11:31 2011
Copyright (c) 1982, 2009, Oracle and/or its affiliates. All rights reserved.
connected to target database: DAVE (not mounted)
RMAN> restore spfile to pfile '/u01/app/oracle/product/11.2.0/dbhome_1/dbs/initdave2.ora' from '/u01/backup/dave_spfile_16m6qtde_1_1_20110309';
Starting restore at 11-MAR-11
using target database control file instead of recovery catalog
allocated channel: ORA_DISK_1
channel ORA_DISK_1: SID=19 device type=DISK
channel ORA_DISK_1: restoring spfile from AUTOBACKUP /u01/backup/dave_spfile_16m6qtde_1_1_20110309
channel ORA_DISK_1: SPFILE restore from AUTOBACKUP complete
Finished restore at 11-MAR-11
如果修改数据文件保存的位置，那么要修改控制文件的相关的参数：
*.control_files='/u01/oradata/control01.ctl','/u01/oradata/control02.ctl','/u01/oradata/control03.ctl'
*.db_name='dave'
4. 将用pfile将Auxiliary库启动到nomout 状态
SQL> startup nomount pfile=?/dbs/initdave.ora
5. 恢复控制文件
[oracle@qs-dmm-rh2 dbs]$ export ORACLE_SID=dave
[oracle@qs-dmm-rh2 dbs]$ rman target /
Recovery Manager: Release 11.2.0.1.0 - Production on Fri Mar 11 15:25:55 2011
Copyright (c) 1982, 2009, Oracle and/or its affiliates. All rights reserved.
connected to target database: DAVE (not mounted)
RMAN> restore controlfile from '/u01/backup/ctl_file_15m6qtdc_1_1_20110309';
Starting restore at 11-MAR-11
using target database control file instead of recovery catalog
allocated channel: ORA_DISK_1
channel ORA_DISK_1: SID=20 device type=DISK
channel ORA_DISK_1: restoring control file
channel ORA_DISK_1: restore complete, elapsed time: 00:00:01
output file name=/u01/oradata/control01.ctl
output file name=/u01/oradata/control02.ctl
output file name=/u01/oradata/control03.ctl
Finished restore at 11-MAR-11
restore 的时候需要控制文件，控制文件恢复的位置，是我们在pfile中的control_files参数控制的。
6. 将DB 启动到mout状态
RMAN> alter database mount;
database mounted
released channel: ORA_DISK_1
7. restore 数据库
7.1 恢复目录不同的情况：
因为我们的路径不同，所以我们需要使用set 命令转换一下路径。
到Target 库查询一下：
SQL> select file_id,file_name from dba_data_files;
FILE_ID FILE_NAME
---------- -------------------------------------------
4 /u01/app/oracle/oradata/dave/users01.dbf
3 /u01/app/oracle/oradata/dave/undotbs01.dbf
2 /u01/app/oracle/oradata/dave/sysaux01.dbf
1 /u01/app/oracle/oradata/dave/system01.dbf
SQL> select file_id,file_name from dba_temp_files;
FILE_ID FILE_NAME
---------- ------------------------------------------
1 /u01/app/oracle/oradata/dave/temp01.dbf
注意，restore 的时候不会对temp 表空间进行restore。所以等restore 之后，我们需要手工创建temp表空间。
RMAN> run
2> {
set newname for datafile 1 to "/u01/oradata/system01.dbf";
3> 4> set newname for datafile 2 to "/u01/oradata/sysaux01.dbf";
5> set newname for datafile 3 to "/u01/oradata/undotbs01.dbf";
6> set newname for datafile 4 to "/u01/oradata/users01.dbf";
7> restore database;
8> switch datafile all;
9> }
对switch datafile all的说明：
--对于nocatalog 模式下，rman备份的信息是保存在控制文件里的，包括文件的路径信息。 这里的switch datafile all的作用，就是更新控制文件里的信息。
executing command: SET NEWNAME
released channel: ORA_DISK_1
executing command: SET NEWNAME
executing command: SET NEWNAME
executing command: SET NEWNAME
Starting restore at 11-MAR-11
allocated channel: ORA_DISK_1
channel ORA_DISK_1: SID=20 device type=DISK
channel ORA_DISK_1: starting datafile backup set restore
channel ORA_DISK_1: specifying datafile(s) to restore from backup set
channel ORA_DISK_1: restoring datafile 00003 to /u01/oradata/undotbs01.dbf
channel ORA_DISK_1: reading from backup piece /u01/backup/dave_lev0_0lm6qt77_1_1_20110309
channel ORA_DISK_1: piece handle=/u01/backup/dave_lev0_0lm6qt77_1_1_20110309 tag=DAVE_LEV0
channel ORA_DISK_1: restored backup piece 1
channel ORA_DISK_1: restore complete, elapsed time: 00:00:03
channel ORA_DISK_1: starting datafile backup set restore
channel ORA_DISK_1: specifying datafile(s) to restore from backup set
channel ORA_DISK_1: restoring datafile 00004 to /u01/oradata/users01.dbf
channel ORA_DISK_1: reading from backup piece /u01/backup/dave_lev0_0nm6qt7c_1_1_20110309
channel ORA_DISK_1: piece handle=/u01/backup/dave_lev0_0nm6qt7c_1_1_20110309 tag=DAVE_LEV0
channel ORA_DISK_1: restored backup piece 1
channel ORA_DISK_1: restore complete, elapsed time: 00:00:01
channel ORA_DISK_1: starting datafile backup set restore
channel ORA_DISK_1: specifying datafile(s) to restore from backup set
channel ORA_DISK_1: restoring datafile 00002 to /u01/oradata/sysaux01.dbf
channel ORA_DISK_1: reading from backup piece /u01/backup/dave_lev0_0km6qt77_1_1_20110309
channel ORA_DISK_1: piece handle=/u01/backup/dave_lev0_0km6qt77_1_1_20110309 tag=DAVE_LEV0
channel ORA_DISK_1: restored backup piece 1
channel ORA_DISK_1: restore complete, elapsed time: 00:00:15
channel ORA_DISK_1: starting datafile backup set restore
channel ORA_DISK_1: specifying datafile(s) to restore from backup set
channel ORA_DISK_1: restoring datafile 00001 to /u01/oradata/system01.dbf
channel ORA_DISK_1: reading from backup piece /u01/backup/dave_lev0_0jm6qt77_1_1_20110309
channel ORA_DISK_1: piece handle=/u01/backup/dave_lev0_0jm6qt77_1_1_20110309 tag=DAVE_LEV0
channel ORA_DISK_1: restored backup piece 1
channel ORA_DISK_1: restore complete, elapsed time: 00:00:25
Finished restore at 11-MAR-11
datafile 1 switched to datafile copy
input datafile copy RECID=5 STAMP=745522150 file name=/u01/oradata/system01.dbf
datafile 2 switched to datafile copy
input datafile copy RECID=6 STAMP=745522150 file name=/u01/oradata/sysaux01.dbf
datafile 3 switched to datafile copy
input datafile copy RECID=7 STAMP=745522150 file name=/u01/oradata/undotbs01.dbf
datafile 4 switched to datafile copy
input datafile copy RECID=8 STAMP=745522150 file name=/u01/oradata/users01.dbf
7.2 恢复目录相同
这种情况比较简单，直接：
RMAN> restore database;
8. recover DB
RMAN> recover database;
Starting recover at 11-MAR-11
using channel ORA_DISK_1
channel ORA_DISK_1: starting incremental datafile backup set restore
channel ORA_DISK_1: specifying datafile(s) to restore from backup set
destination for restore of datafile 00001: /u01/oradata/system01.dbf
channel ORA_DISK_1: reading from backup piece /u01/backup/dave_lev1_0tm6qtcq_1_1_20110309
channel ORA_DISK_1: piece handle=/u01/backup/dave_lev1_0tm6qtcq_1_1_20110309 tag=DAVE_LEV1
channel ORA_DISK_1: restored backup piece 1
channel ORA_DISK_1: restore complete, elapsed time: 00:00:01
channel ORA_DISK_1: starting incremental datafile backup set restore
channel ORA_DISK_1: specifying datafile(s) to restore from backup set
destination for restore of datafile 00002: /u01/oradata/sysaux01.dbf
channel ORA_DISK_1: reading from backup piece /u01/backup/dave_lev1_0um6qtcq_1_1_20110309
channel ORA_DISK_1: piece handle=/u01/backup/dave_lev1_0um6qtcq_1_1_20110309 tag=DAVE_LEV1
channel ORA_DISK_1: restored backup piece 1
channel ORA_DISK_1: restore complete, elapsed time: 00:00:02
channel ORA_DISK_1: starting incremental datafile backup set restore
channel ORA_DISK_1: specifying datafile(s) to restore from backup set
destination for restore of datafile 00003: /u01/oradata/undotbs01.dbf
channel ORA_DISK_1: reading from backup piece /u01/backup/dave_lev1_0vm6qtcq_1_1_20110309
channel ORA_DISK_1: piece handle=/u01/backup/dave_lev1_0vm6qtcq_1_1_20110309 tag=DAVE_LEV1
channel ORA_DISK_1: restored backup piece 1
channel ORA_DISK_1: restore complete, elapsed time: 00:00:01
channel ORA_DISK_1: starting incremental datafile backup set restore
channel ORA_DISK_1: specifying datafile(s) to restore from backup set
destination for restore of datafile 00004: /u01/oradata/users01.dbf
channel ORA_DISK_1: reading from backup piece /u01/backup/dave_lev1_11m6qtd7_1_1_20110309
channel ORA_DISK_1: piece handle=/u01/backup/dave_lev1_11m6qtd7_1_1_20110309 tag=DAVE_LEV1
channel ORA_DISK_1: restored backup piece 1
channel ORA_DISK_1: restore complete, elapsed time: 00:00:01
starting media recovery
channel ORA_DISK_1: starting archived log restore to default destination
channel ORA_DISK_1: restoring archived log
archived log thread=1 sequence=7
channel ORA_DISK_1: reading from backup piece /u01/backup/arch_13m6qtda_1_1_20110309
channel ORA_DISK_1: piece handle=/u01/backup/arch_13m6qtda_1_1_20110309 tag=ARC_BAK
channel ORA_DISK_1: restored backup piece 1
channel ORA_DISK_1: restore complete, elapsed time: 00:00:01
archived log file name=/u01/app/oracle/product/11.2.0/dbhome_1/dbs/arch1_7_745352047.dbf thread=1 sequence=7
channel ORA_DISK_1: starting archived log restore to default destination
channel ORA_DISK_1: restoring archived log
archived log thread=1 sequence=8
channel ORA_DISK_1: reading from backup piece /u01/backup/arch_14m6qtda_1_1_20110309
channel ORA_DISK_1: piece handle=/u01/backup/arch_14m6qtda_1_1_20110309 tag=ARC_BAK
channel ORA_DISK_1: restored backup piece 1
channel ORA_DISK_1: restore complete, elapsed time: 00:00:01
archived log file name=/u01/app/oracle/product/11.2.0/dbhome_1/dbs/arch1_8_745352047.dbf thread=1 sequence=8
unable to find archived log
archived log thread=1 sequence=9
RMAN-00571: ===========================================================
RMAN-00569: =============== ERROR MESSAGE STACK FOLLOWS ===============
RMAN-00571: ===========================================================
RMAN-03002: failure of recover command at 03/11/2011 17:32:00
RMAN-06054: media recovery requesting unknown archived log for thread 1 with sequence 9 and starting SCN of 823627
RMAN>
之后会报一个错误：
RMAN-06054: media recovery requesting unknown archived log for thread 1 with sequence 9 and starting SCN of 823627
这里是提醒恢复到一个未知的scn号。在alter database mount之后，通过set until scn或者set until time命令设置恢复到的scn号或时间。就可以避免这个错误。
9. 用open resetlogs 打开数据库
SQL> alter database open resetlogs;
Database altered.
我测试的平台是11gR2的版本，在open resetlogs 之后，自动在原来默认的路径创建了temp 表空间和3组redo 文件。
如果恢复目录和原来相同，就不用修改。
如果目录不同，我们就需要把这些文件移到我们现在的data目录。
源目录：
[oracle@qs-dmm-rh2 dave]$ pwd
/u01/app/oracle/oradata/dave
[oracle@qs-dmm-rh2 dave]$ ls
redo01.log redo02.log redo03.log temp01.dbf
现在的目录：
[oracle@qs-dmm-rh2 dave]$ cd /u01/oradata/
[oracle@qs-dmm-rh2 oradata]$ ls
control01.ctl control02.ctl control03.ctl sysaux01.dbf system01.dbf undotbs01.dbf users01.dbf
（1）处理online redo log
SQL> select group#,bytes/1024/1024||'M',status from v$log;
GROUP# BYTES/1024/1024||'M' STATUS
---------- ----------------------------------------- ----------------
1 50M INACTIVE
2 50M CURRENT
3 50M UNUSED
SQL> select group#,member from v$logfile;
GROUP# MEMBER
---------- ---------------------------------------------------------------------
3 /u01/app/oracle/oradata/dave/redo03.log
2 /u01/app/oracle/oradata/dave/redo02.log
1 /u01/app/oracle/oradata/dave/redo01.log
oracle 至少有2组redo log。 所以我们可以将已经完成归档的redo drop掉， 重新创建。
SQL> alter database drop logfile group 3;
Database altered.
SQL> alter database add logfile group 3 ('/u01/oradata/redo03.log') size 50m;
Database altered.
SQL> alter system switch logfile;
System altered.
SQL> select group#,bytes/1024/1024||'M',status from v$log;
GROUP# BYTES/1024/1024||'M' STATUS
---------- ----------------------------------------- ----------------
1 50M INACTIVE
2 50M ACTIVE
3 50M CURRENT
SQL> alter database drop logfile group 1;
Database altered.
SQL> alter database add logfile group 1 ('/u01/oradata/redo01.log') size 50m;
Database altered.
SQL> alter system switch logfile;
System altered.
SQL> alter database drop logfile group 2;
Database altered.
SQL> alter database add logfile group 2 ('/u01/oradata/redo02.log') size 50m;
Database altered.
SQL> select group#,member from v$logfile;
GROUP# MEMBER
---------- ---------------------------------------------------------------------
3 /u01/oradata/redo03.log
2 /u01/oradata/redo02.log
1 /u01/oradata/redo01.log
（2）处理temp 临时表空间
SQL> select name from v$tempfile;
NAME
--------------------------------------------------------------------------------
/u01/app/oracle/oradata/dave/temp01.dbf
--表空间offline
SQL> alter database tempfile '/u01/app/oracle/oradata/dave/temp01.dbf' offline;
Database altered.
--在OS 级别移动temp 的数据文件
SQL> !mv /u01/app/oracle/oradata/dave/temp01.dbf /u01/oradata/temp01.dbf
--修改控制文件中temp文件的信息
SQL> alter database rename file '/u01/app/oracle/oradata/dave/temp01.dbf' to '/u01/oradata/temp01.dbf';
Database altered.
--temp 表空间online
SQL> alter database tempfile '/u01/oradata/temp01.dbf' online;
Database altered.
--验证
SQL> select name from v$tempfile;
NAME
--------------------------------------------------------------------------------
/u01/oradata/temp01.dbf
10. NID 修改DBID和DBNAME
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