Security and Permissions 安全与权限 （八）

URI Permissions

The standard permission system described so far is often not sufficient when used with content providers. A content provider may want to protect itself with read and write permissions, while its direct clients also need to hand specific URIs to other applications for them to operate on. A typical example is attachments in a mail application. Access to the mail should be protected by permissions, since this is sensitive user data. However, if a URI to an image attachment is given to an image viewer, that image viewer will not have permission to open the attachment since it has no reason to hold a permission to access all e-mail.
到目前为止我们讨论的标准的permission系统对于content provider来说是不够的。一个content provider可能想保护它的读写权限，而同时与它对应的直属客户端也需要将特定的URI传递给其它应用程序，以便其它应用程序对该URI进行操作。一个典型的例子就是邮件程序处理带有附件的邮件。进入邮件需要使用permission来保护，因为这些是敏感的用户数据。然而，如果有一个指向图片附件的URI需要传递给图片浏览器，那个图片浏览器是不会有访问附件的权利的，因为他不可能拥有所有的邮件的访问权限。

The solution to this problem is per-URI permissions: when starting an activity or returning a result to an activity, the caller can set Intent.FLAG_GRANT_READ_URI_PERMISSION and/or Intent.FLAG_GRANT_WRITE_URI_PERMISSION . This grants the receiving activity permission access the specific data URI in the Intent, regardless of whether it has any permission to access data in the content provider corresponding to the Intent.
针对这个问题的解决方案就是per-URI permission: 当启动一个activity或者给一个activity返回结果的时候，呼叫方可以设置Intent.FLAG_GRANT_READ_URI_PERMISSION 和/或 Intent.FLAG_GRANT_WRITE_URI_PERMISSION . 这会使接收该intent的activity获取到进入该Intent指定的URI的权限，而不论它是否有权限进入该intent对应的content provider。

This mechanism allows a common capability-style model where user interaction (opening an attachment, selecting a contact from a list, etc) drives ad-hoc granting of fine-grained permission. This can be a key facility for reducing the permissions needed by applications to only those directly related to their behavior.
The granting of fine-grained URI permissions does, however, require some cooperation with the content provider holding those URIs. It is strongly recommended that content providers implement this facility, and declare that they support it through the android:grantUriPermissions attribute or <grant-uri-permissions> tag.
More information can be found in the Context.grantUriPermission() , Context.revokeUriPermission() , and Context.checkUriPermission() methods.
这种机制允许一个通常的capability-style模型， 这种模型是以用户交互（如打开一个附件, 从列表中选择一个联系人）为驱动，特别获取更细粒化的权限。这是一种减少不必要权限的重要方式，这种方式主要针对的就是那些和程序的行为直接相关的权限。
这些URI permission的获取需要content provider（包含那些URI）的配合。强烈推荐在content provider中提供这种能力，并通过android:grantUriPermissions 或者<grant-uri-permissions> 标签来声明支持。
更多的信息可以参考Context.grantUriPermission() , Context.revokeUriPermission() , and Context.checkUriPermission() methods.