Vdsp(bf561)中的浮点运算(8):float除法运算

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本文适用于

ADSP-BF561

Visual DSP++ 5.0 (update 6)

Vdsp dual processor simulate

欢迎转载,但请保留作者信息

1.1 Vdspfloat除法运算的处理

vdsp下,可以很简单地用:

float fdiv(float x, float y)

{

float r = x / y;

return r;

}

来完成浮点除法运算,编译器自动将里面的乘法操作转换为___float32_div的函数调用,这个函数的调用实现在libdsp/fpdiv.asm中,在这个文件的开头说明了这个函数的用法:

/******************************************************************************

Copyright(c) 2000-2008 Analog Devices Inc. IPDC BANGALORE, India.

All rights reserved

******************************************************************************

File Name : fpdiv32.asm

Module Name : floating point division

Label name : __float32_div

Description : This function computes single precision signed floating point

division. Implemention is based on the algorithm mentioned in

the reference. Some more conditions are added in the present

algorithm to take care of various testcases.

Registers used:

Operands in R0 & R1

R0- Numerator(X),R1- Denominator(Y)

R2 - R7 and P1

******************************************************************************

Special cases :

1) If(X == 0) Return 0.0 or -0.0 depending on sign of X,Y

2) If(Y == 0) Return INF or -INF depending on sign of X,Y

3) If(X == Y) Return 1.0 or -1.0 depending on sign of X,Y

4) If(Y == 1) Return X or -X depending on sign of X,Y

5) Underflow : If(EXP(X) - EXP(Y) < -149),return 0,

6) Overflow : If((EXP(X) - EXP(Y) + 126) > 254), return NAN or -NAN

depending on sign of X,Y

Reference : Computer Architecture a Quantitative Approach

second edition

by John L Hennessy and David Patterson

!!NOTE- Uses non-standard clobber set in compiler:

DefaultClobMinusPABIMandLoop1Regs

Remember to change the #pragma regs_clobbered in fpdiv.c in softfloat if you

change this clobber set

********************************************************************************/

1.2 xnan或者inf

看代码:

// First check if either operand is a NaN or inf, and handle certain

// identities with these values

R7 = (MAXBIASEXP+1) (Z);

CC = R6 == R7;

IF CC JUMP .HANDLE_NAN_INF_X;

……………

.HANDLE_NAN_INF_X:

// Return a NaN unless X is inf and Y is a valid number including 0, in

// which case return inf (signed appropriately)

CC = R5 < R7; // if y is a valid number

R6 = R0 << 9; // and if x is inf zero significand means X=inf

CC &= AZ;

IF CC JUMP .RET_INF (BP); // Return inf

// (predict branch to avoid 05-00-0428)

.RET_NAN:

R0 = -1; // Otherwise return a NaN

(R7:4)=[SP++]; // Pop R7-R4 from stack

RTS;

l xinfy为一个合法的浮点数

返回inf

fdiv(inf, 0) = infCYCLE48

l 其它

返回nan

CYCLE50

1.3 ynan或者inf

看代码:

CC = R5 == R7;

IF CC JUMP .HANDLE_NAN_INF_Y;

…………….

.HANDLE_NAN_INF_Y:

// Return NaN for all cases apart from 0/inf=0

CC = R0 == 0; // x == 0

R7 = R1 << 9; // and y == inf

CC &= AZ;

IF !CC JUMP .RET_NAN;

R0 = 0;

JUMP .SIGN_AND_RETURN;

.DIV_BY_ZERO:

// Return inf unless 0/0 in which case we return NaN.

CC = R0 == 0;

if CC JUMP .RET_NAN;

//else fallthrough - return inf

.RET_INF:

R0 = 0x7F8 (Z); // Infinity.

R0 <<= 20;

……………….

下面是计算结果:

表达式

结果

CYCLE

0 / inf

0

50

0 / nan

nan

52

inf / inf

nan

50

1.4 y0

看代码:

// Handle identities where neither operand is a NaN or inf

CC = R1 == 0; // If X/0, return inf (or NaN if X=0)

IF CC JUMP .DIV_BY_ZERO;

……………

.DIV_BY_ZERO:

// Return inf unless 0/0 in which case we return NaN.

CC = R0 == 0;

if CC JUMP .RET_NAN;

//else fallthrough - return inf

.RET_INF:

R0 = 0x7F8 (Z); // Infinity.

R0 <<= 20;

.SIGN_AND_RETURN:

R0 = R0 | R3; // R3.31 contains the sign bit needed.

(R7:4)=[SP++]; // Pop R7-R4 from stack

RTS;

l x为零

0 / 0 = NAN

CYCLE = 52

l x不为零

任意合法浮点数 / 0 = inf

CYCLE = 46

1.5 x0

看代码:

CC = R0 == 0; // IF 0/Y, return 0

IF CC JUMP .SIGN_AND_RETURN;

………

.SIGN_AND_RETURN:

R0 = R0 | R3; // R3.31 contains the sign bit needed.

(R7:4)=[SP++]; // Pop R7-R4 from stack

RTS;

直接返回0,所用的CYCLE44

1.6 x == y

看代码

CC = R0 == R1; // If X/X, return +/- 1.

IF CC R0 = R2;

IF CC JUMP .SIGN_AND_RETURN;

…….

.SIGN_AND_RETURN:

R0 = R0 | R3; // R3.31 contains the sign bit needed.

(R7:4)=[SP++]; // Pop R7-R4 from stack

RTS;

注意,这里的等是除了符号位之外,其十六进制表示的值完全相等!

直接返回1或者-1,所用的CYCLE48

1.7 向上溢出

当一个大数除以一个小数,将发生向上溢出,这个时候的返回值是inf,而不是说明中的nan,想来应该是写前面那段注释时的失误。

比如

1e30 / 1e-30 = inf

此时的CYCLE值为59

1.8 正常计算

在正常计算一个浮点除法时,所用的CYCLE值为240,这是最慢的一个计算!

1.9 向下溢出

在代码说明里给出的下溢条件是

(EXP(X) - EXP(Y) + 126) > 254

此时返回0,所用的CYCYLE243

2 参考资料

Vdsp(bf561)中的浮点运算(7):float乘法运算(2009-8-13)

Vdsp(bf561)中的浮点运算(6):float加减运算(2009-8-13)

Vdsp(bf561)中的浮点运算(5):float类型表示总结(2009-8-12)

Vdsp(bf561)中的浮点运算(4):FLT_MAX(2009-8-12)

Vdsp(bf561)中的浮点运算(3):FLT_MIN(2008-12-19)

Vdsp(bf561)中的浮点运算(2):float的疑问(2008-12-18)

Vdsp(bf561)中的浮点运算(1):文档的说法(2008-12-16)

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