ORACLE性能监控SQL语句

    监控当前数据库谁在运行什么SQL语句

  SELECT osuser, username, sql_text from v$session a, v$sqltext b
  where a.sql_address =b.address order by address, piece;

   分析表

  analyze table tablename compute statistics for all indexes;
  analyze table tablename compute statistics for all indexed columns;
  analyze table tablename compute statistics for table;

   监控事例的等待

  select event,sum(decode(wait_Time,0,0,1)) "Prev",
  sum(decode(wait_Time,0,1,0)) "Curr",count(*) "Tot"
  from v$session_Wait
  group by event order by 4;

   查看碎片程度高的表

  SELECT segment_name table_name , COUNT(*) extents
  FROM dba_segments WHERE owner NOT IN (SYS, SYSTEM) GROUP           BY segment_name

  HAVING COUNT(*) = (SELECT MAX( COUNT(*) FROM dba_segments GROUP BY segment_name);

   表、索引的存储情况检查

  select segment_name,sum(bytes),count(*) ext_quan from dba_extents where
  tablespace_name=&tablespace_name and segment_type=TABLE group by tablespace_name,segment_name;

  select segment_name,count(*) from dba_extents where segment_type=INDEX and owner=&owner

  group by segment_name;

   找使用CPU多的用户session

   12是cpu used by this session

  select a.sid,spid,status,substr(a.program,1,40)   prog,a.terminal,osuser,value/60/100 value

  from v$session a,v$process b,v$sesstat c

  where c.statistic#=12 and c.sid=a.sid and a.paddr=b.addr order by value desc;

   监控表空间的 I/O 比例

  select df.tablespace_name name,df.file_name "file",f.phyrds pyr,

  f.phyblkrd pbr,f.phywrts pyw, f.phyblkwrt pbw

  from v$filestat f, dba_data_files df

  where f.file# = df.file_id

  order by df.tablespace_name;

   回滚段的争用情况

  select name, waits, gets, waits/gets "Ratio"

  from v$rollstat a, v$rollname b

  where a.usn = b.usn;

   在某个用户下找所有的索引

  select user_indexes.table_name, user_indexes.index_name,uniqueness, column_name

  from user_ind_columns, user_indexes

  where user_ind_columns.index_name = user_indexes.index_name

  and user_ind_columns.table_name = user_indexes.table_name

  order by user_indexes.table_type, user_indexes.table_name,

  user_indexes.index_name, column_position;

   监控文件系统的 I/O 比例

  select substr(a.file#,1,2) "#", substr(a.name,1,30) "Name",

  a.status, a.bytes, b.phyrds, b.phywrts

  from v$datafile a, v$filestat b

  where a.file# = b.file#;

   监控 SGA 中字典缓冲区的命中率

  select parameter, gets,Getmisses , getmisses/(gets+getmisses)*100 "miss ratio",

  (1-(sum(getmisses)/ (sum(gets)+sum(getmisses))))*100 "Hit ratio"

  from v$rowcache

  where gets+getmisses <>0

  group by parameter, gets, getmisses;

   监控 SGA 中共享缓存区的命中率,应该小于1%

  select sum(pins) "Total Pins", sum(reloads) "Total Reloads",

  sum(reloads)/sum(pins) *100 libcache

  from v$librarycache;



select sum(pinhits-reloads)/sum(pins) "hit radio",sum(reloads)/sum(pins) "reload percent"

  from v$librarycache;

   监控 SGA 的命中率

  select a.value + b.value "logical_reads", c.value "phys_reads",

  round(100 * ((a.value+b.value)-c.value) / (a.value+b.value)) "BUFFER HIT RATIO"

  from v$sysstat a, v$sysstat b, v$sysstat c

  where a.statistic# = 38 and b.statistic# = 39

  and c.statistic# = 40;

   监控 SGA 中重做日志缓存区的命中率,应该小于1%

  SELECT name, gets, misses, immediate_gets, immediate_misses,

  Decode(gets,0,0,misses/gets*100) ratio1,

  Decode(immediate_gets+immediate_misses,0,0,

  immediate_misses/(immediate_gets+immediate_misses)*100) ratio2

  FROM v$latch WHERE name IN (redo allocation, redo copy);

   显示所有数据库对象的类别和大小

  select count(name) num_instances ,type ,sum(source_size) source_size ,

  sum(parsed_size) parsed_size ,sum(code_size) code_size ,sum(error_size) error_size,

  sum(source_size) +sum(parsed_size) +sum(code_size) +sum(error_size) size_required

  from dba_object_size

  group by type order by 2;

   监控内存和硬盘的排序比率,最好使它小于 .10,增加 sort_area_size

  SELECT name, value FROM v$sysstat WHERE name IN (sorts (memory), sorts (disk));

   监控字典缓冲区

  SELECT (SUM(PINS - RELOADS)) / SUM(PINS) "LIB CACHE" FROM V$LIBRARYCACHE;

  SELECT (SUM(GETS - GETMISSES - USAGE - FIXED)) / SUM(GETS) "ROW CACHE" FROM V$ROWCACHE;

  SELECT SUM(PINS) "EXECUTIONS", SUM(RELOADS) "CACHE MISSES WHILE EXECUTING" FROM V$LIBRARYCACHE;

   后者除以前者,此比率小于1%,接近0%为好。

  SELECT SUM(GETS) "DICTIONARY GETS",SUM(GETMISSES) "DICTIONARY CACHE GET MISSES"

  FROM V$ROWCACHE

   监控 MTS

  select busy/(busy+idle) "shared servers busy" from v$dispatcher;

   此值大于0.5时,参数需加大

  select sum(wait)/sum(totalq) "dispatcher waits" from v$queue where type=dispatcher;

  select count(*) from v$dispatcher;

  select servers_highwater from v$mts;

   servers_highwater接近mts_max_servers时,参数需加大

   碎片程度

  select tablespace_name,count(tablespace_name) from dba_free_space group by tablespace_name

  having count(tablespace_name)>10;

  alter tablespace name coalesce;

  alter table name deallocate unused;

  create or replace view ts_blocks_v as

  select tablespace_name,block_id,bytes,blocks,free space segment_name from dba_free_space

  union all

  select tablespace_name,block_id,bytes,blocks,segment_name from dba_extents;

  select * from ts_blocks_v;

  select tablespace_name,sum(bytes),max(bytes),count(block_id) from dba_free_space

  group by tablespace_name;



四、SQL语句执行效率问题
  1.检查占用CPU时间比较长的sql语句:
  select sql_text,cpu_time from v$sql where cpu_time >1e7 order by cpu_time
  2.执行效率最差的10条sql语句
  SELECT * FROM ( SELECT PARSING_USER_ID EXECUTIONS SORTS,
   COMMAND_TYPE, DISK_READS, sql_text FROM v$sqlarea
   ORDER BY disk_reads DESC) WHERE ROWNUM<10 ;
  3.利用V_$SQLAREA视图提供了执行的细节。(执行、读取磁盘和读取缓冲区的次数)
  s select SQL_TEXT,EXECUTIONS,DISK_READS,COMMAND_TYPE,OPTIMIZER_MODE, SHARABLE_MEM,BUFFER_GETS from v$sqlarea
  •
  数 数据列
  EXECUTIONS:执行次数
  DISK_READS:读盘次数
  COMMAND_TYPE:命令类型(3:select,2:insert;6:update;7delete;47:pl/sql程序单元)
  OPTIMIZER_MODE:优化方式
  SQL_TEXT:Sql语句
  SHARABLE_MEM:占用shared pool的内存多少
  BUFFER_GETS:读取缓冲区的次数
  • 用途
  1、帮忙找出性能较差的SQL语句
  2、帮忙找出最高频率的SQL
  3、帮忙分析是否需要索引或改善联接
  4. 监控当前Oracle的session,如出现时钟的标志,表示此进程中的sql运行时间较长。

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