基础
创建之前判断该数据库是否存在
if exists (select * from sysdatabases where name='databaseName')
drop database databaseName
go
Create DATABASE database-name
drop database dbname
--- 创建 备份数据的 device
USE master
EXEC sp_addumpdevice 'disk', 'testBack', 'c:\mssql7backup\MyNwind_1.dat'
--- 开始 备份
BACKUP DATABASE pubs TO testBack
create table tabname(col1 type1 [not null] [primary key],col2 type2 [not null],..)
根据已有的表创建新表:
A :create table tab_new like tab_old ( 使用旧表创建新表)
B :create table tab_new as select col1,col2… from tab_old definition only
create sequence SIMON_SEQUENCE
minvalue 1 -- 最小值
maxvalue 999999999999999999999999999 最大值
start with 1 开始值
increment by 1 每次加几
cache 20;
drop table tabname
Alter table tabname add column col type
注:列增加后将不能删除。DB2 中列加上后数据类型也不能改变,唯一能改变的是增加varchar 类型的长度。
Alter table tabname add primary key(col)
说明:删除主键: Alter table tabname drop primary key(col)
create [unique] index idxname on tabname(col….)
删除索引:drop index idxname on tabname
注:索引是不可更改的,想更改必须删除重新建。
create view viewname as select statement
删除视图:drop view viewname
选择:select * from table1 where 范围
插入:insert into table1(field1,field2) values(value1,value2)
删除:delete from table1 where 范围
更新:update table1 set field1=value1 where 范围
查找:select * from table1 where field1 like ’%value1%’ (所有包含‘value1’ 这个模式的字符串)---like 的语法很精妙,查资料!
排序:select * from table1 order by field1,field2 [desc]
总数:select count(*) as totalcount from table1
求和:select sum(field1) as sumvalue from table1
平均:select avg(field1) as avgvalue from table1
最大:select max(field1) as maxvalue from table1
最小:select min(field1) as minvalue from table1[separator]
A : UNION 运算符
UNION 运算符通过组合其他两个结果表(例如 TABLE1 和 TABLE2 )并消去表中任何重复行而派生出一个结果表。当 ALL 随 UNION 一起使用时(即 UNION ALL ),不消除重复行。两种情况下,派生表的每一行不是来自 TABLE1 就是来自 TABLE2 。
B : EXCEPT 运算符
EXCEPT 运算符通过包括所有在 TABLE1 中但不在 TABLE2 中的行并消除所有重复行而派生出一个结果表。当 ALL 随 EXCEPT 一起使用时 (EXCEPT ALL) ,不消除重复行。
C : INTERSECT 运算符
INTERSECT 运算符通过只包括 TABLE1 和 TABLE2 中都有的行并消除所有重复行而派生出一个结果表。当 ALL 随 INTERSECT 一起使用时 (INTERSECT ALL) ,不消除重复行。
注:使用运算词的几个查询结果行必须是一致的。
A 、left outer join :
左外连接(左连接):结果集既包括连接表的匹配行,也包括左连接表的所有行。
SQL: select a.a, a.b, a.c, b.c, b.d, b.f from a LEFT OUT JOIN b ON a.a = b.c
B :right outer join:
右外连接( 右连接) :结果集既包括连接表的匹配连接行,也包括右连接表的所有行。
C :full outer join :
全外连接:不仅包括符号连接表的匹配行,还包括两个连接表中的所有记录。
( 只复制结构, 源表名:a 新表名:b) (Access 可用)
法一:select * into b from a where 1<>1
法二:select top 0 * into b from a
( 拷贝数据, 源表名:a 目标表名:b) (Access 可用)
insert into b(a, b, c) select d,e,f from b;
( 具体数据使用绝对路径) (Access 可用)
insert into b(a, b, c) select d,e,f from b in ‘ 具体数据库’ where 条件
例子:..from b in '"&Server.MapPath("."&"\data.mdb" &"' where..
( 表名1 :a 表名2 :b)
select a,b,c from a where a IN (select d from b 或者: select a,b,c from a where a IN (1,2,3)
select a.title,a.username,b.adddate from table a,(select max(adddate) adddate from table where table.title=a.title) b
( 表名1 :a 表名2 :b)
select a.a, a.b, a.c, b.c, b.d, b.f from a LEFT OUT JOIN b ON a.a = b.c
( 表名1 :a
select * from (Select a,b,c FROM a) T where t.a > 1;
between 限制查询数据范围时包括了边界值,not between 不包括
select * from table1 where time between time1 and time2
select a,b,c, from table1 where a not between 数值1 and 数值2
select * from table1 where a [not] in (‘ 值1’,’ 值2’ ,’ 值4’ ,’ 值6’ )
两张关联表delete from table1 where not exists ( select * from table2 where table1.field1=table2.field1
select * from a left inner join b on a.a=b.b right inner join c on a.a=c.c inner join d on a.a=d.d where .....
SQL: select * from 日程安排 where datediff('minute',f 开始时间,getdate())>5
select top 10 b.* from (select top 20 主键字段, 排序字段 from 表名 order by 排序字段 desc) a, 表名 b where b. 主键字段 = a. 主键字段 order by a. 排序字段
select top 10 * form table1 where 范围
选择在每一组b 值相同的数据中对应的a 最大的记录的所有信息( 类似这样的用法可以用于论坛每月排行榜, 每月热销产品分析, 按科目成绩排名, 等等.)
select a,b,c from tablename ta where a=(select max(a) from tablename tb where tb.b=ta.b)
包括所有在 TableA 中但不在 TableB 和TableC 中的行并消除所有重复行而派生出一个结果表
(select a from tableA except (select a from tableB) except (select a from tableC)
select top 10 * from tablename order by newid()
select newid()
Delete from tablename where id not in (select max(id) from tablename group by col1,col2,...)
select name from sysobjects where type='U'
select name from syscolumns where id=object_id('TableName')
列示type 、vender 、pcs 字段,以type 字段排列,case 可以方便地实现多重选择,类似select 中的case 。
select type,sum(case vender when 'A' then pcs else 0 end),sum(case vender when 'C' then pcs else 0 end),sum(case vender when 'B' then pcs else 0 end) FROM tablename group by type
显示结果:
type vender pcs
电脑 A 1
电脑 A 1
光盘 B 2
光盘 A 2
手机 B 3
手机 C 3
TRUNCATE TABLE table1
select top 5 * from (select top 15 * from table order by id asc) table_ 别名 order by id desc
declare @numid int
declare @id varchar(50)
set @numid=2005
set @id=convert(varchar,@numid)
通过上述语句完成数据类型Int 转换成varchar ,其他转换类似,可参看convert 函数
在SQL 语句组合时用的较多
“where 1=1” 是表示选择全部 “where 1=2” 全部不选,
如:
if @strWhere !='
begin
set @strSQL = 'select count(*) as Total from [' + @tblName + '] where ' + @strWhere
end
else
begin
set @strSQL = 'select count(*) as Total from [' + @tblName + ']'
end
我们可以直接写成
set @strSQL = 'select count(*) as Total from [' + @tblName + '] where 1=1 and '+ @strWhere
-- 重建索引
DBCC REINDEX
DBCC INDEXDEFRAG
-- 收缩数据和日志
DBCC SHRINKDB
DBCC SHRINKFILE
dbcc shrinkdatabase(dbname)
转移数据库给新用户以已存在用户权限
exec sp_change_users_login 'update_one','newname','oldname'
go
RESTORE VERIFYONLY from disk='E:\dvbbs.bak'
Alter DATABASE [dvbbs] SET SINGLE_USER
GO
DBCC CHECKDB('dvbbs',repair_allow_data_loss) WITH TABLOCK
GO
Alter DATABASE [dvbbs] SET MULTI_USER
GO
SET NOCOUNT ON
DECLARE @LogicalFileName sysname,
@MaxMinutes INT,
@NewSize INT
USE tablename -- 要操作的数据库名
Select @LogicalFileName = 'tablename_log', -- 日志文件名
@MaxMinutes = 10, -- Limit on time allowed to wrap log.
@NewSize = 1 -- 你想设定的日志文件的大小(M)
-- Setup / initialize
DECLARE @OriginalSize int
Select @OriginalSize = size
FROM sysfiles
Where name = @LogicalFileName
Select 'Original Size of ' + db_name() + ' LOG is ' +
CONVERT(VARCHAR(30),@OriginalSize) + ' 8K pages or ' +
CONVERT(VARCHAR(30),(@OriginalSize*8/1024)) + 'MB'
FROM sysfiles
Where name = @LogicalFileName
Create TABLE DummyTrans
(DummyColumn char (8000) not null)
DECLARE @Counter INT,
@StartTime DATETIME,
@TruncLog VARCHAR(255)
Select @StartTime = GETDATE(),
@TruncLog = 'BACKUP LOG ' + db_name() + ' WITH TRUNCATE_ONLY'
DBCC SHRINKFILE (@LogicalFileName, @NewSize)
EXEC (@TruncLog)
-- Wrap the log if necessary.
WHILE @MaxMinutes > DATEDIFF (mi, @StartTime, GETDATE()) -- time has not expired
AND @OriginalSize = (Select size FROM sysfiles Where name = @LogicalFileName)
AND (@OriginalSize * 8 /1024) > @NewSize
BEGIN -- Outer loop.
Select @Counter = 0
WHILE ((@Counter < @OriginalSize / 16) AND (@Counter < 50000))
BEGIN -- update
Insert DummyTrans VALUES ('Fill Log')
Delete DummyTrans
Select @Counter = @Counter + 1
END
EXEC (@TruncLog)
END
Select 'Final Size of ' + db_name() + ' LOG is ' +
CONVERT(VARCHAR(30),size) + ' 8K pages or ' +
CONVERT(VARCHAR(30),(size*8/1024)) + 'MB'
FROM sysfiles
Where name = @LogicalFileName
Drop TABLE DummyTrans
SET NOCOUNT OFF
exec sp_changeobjectowner 'tablename','dbo'
Create PROCEDURE dbo.User_ChangeObjectOwnerBatch
@OldOwner as NVARCHAR(128),
@NewOwner as NVARCHAR(128)
AS
DECLARE @Name as NVARCHAR(128)
DECLARE @Owner as NVARCHAR(128)
DECLARE @OwnerName as NVARCHAR(128)
DECLARE curObject CURSOR FOR
select 'Name' = name,
'Owner' = user_name(uid)
from sysobjects
where user_name(uid)=@OldOwner
order by name
OPEN curObject
FETCH NEXT FROM curObject INTO @Name, @Owner
WHILE(@@FETCH_STATUS=0)
BEGIN
if @Owner=@OldOwner
begin
set @OwnerName = @OldOwner + '.' + rtrim(@Name)
exec sp_changeobjectowner @OwnerName, @NewOwner
end
-- select @name,@NewOwner,@OldOwner
FETCH NEXT FROM curObject INTO @Name, @Owner
END
close curObject
deallocate curObject
GO
declare @i int
set @i=1
while @i<30
begin
insert into test (userid) values(@i)
set @i=@i+1
end