OGC标准介绍 12

I. WFS-要素Web服务

· 概述

WFS(OpenGIS® Web Feature Service)当前版本是1.1.0。WFS标准定义了一些操作,这些操作允许用户在分布式的环境下通过HTTP对空间数据进行查询、编辑等操作。

WFS服务要求服务的接口必须由XML描述,另外数据交互必须由GML进行,数据过滤采用CQL[1]语言。

· WFS种类与操作

当一个客户端想要访问WFS服务时,一般会涉及到以下的流程:

1. 通过操作获取WFS服务支持的操作和要素类(Feature Type,可以理解为WFS中的数据集)。

2. (可能)通过操作获取WFS服务支持的要素类的定义。

3. 客户端发送某个操作的请求。

4. WFS服务处理请求。

5. WFS服务返回处理的结果和状态。

上面几个步骤中所提到的“操作”包括:

1. GetCapabilities(获取服务中的要素类及支持的操作)

2. DescribeFeatureType(描述要素类的信息)

3. GetFeature(获取要素)

4. GetGmlObject(通过XLink获取GML对象)

5. Transaction(创建、更新、删除数据的事务操作)

6. LockFeature(在事务过程中锁定要素)

但是,这些操作并不是必须全部实现,而是实现全部或部分。根据所支持的操作不同,WFS可以分为3类:

1. Basic WFS(就是最常被提及的WFS,必须支持GetCapabilities/ DescribeFeatureType/ GetFeature操作,在功能上意味着提供一个只读的数据服务)

2. XLink WFS(必须在Basic WFS基础上加上GetGmlObject操作)

3. Transaction WFS(也有称为WFS-T,必须在Basic WFS基础上加上Transaction操作以支持编辑数据,另外也可以加上GetGmlObject/LockFeature操作)

关于服务涉及的基本元素,可以参考前面的章节:《服务涉及的基本元素》。注意,在后面的内容中,服务的操作只介绍Basic WFS和Transaction WFS中需要实现的操作,也就是说GetCapabilities、DescribeFeatureType、GetFeature和Transaction操作。

· GetCapabilities操作

1. KVP格式请求

GetCapabilities操作需要以下的参数:

参数

是否必须

默认值

SERVICE

WFS

REQUEST=GetCapabilities

以下是一个WFS使用KVP格式的GetCapabilities操作示例:

http://www.someserver.com/wfs?

SERVICE=WFS&

REQUEST=GetCapabilities

2. XML格式请求

以下是一个WFS使用XML格式的GetCapabilities操作示例:

xml version="1.0" ?>

GetCapabilities service="WFS" xmlns="http://www.opengis.net/wfs"

xmlns:xsi="http://www.w3.org/2001/XMLSchema-instance"

xsi:schemaLocation="http://www.opengis.net/wfs ../wfs/1.1.0/WFS.xsd" />

3. 响应示例

以下是一个WFS的GetCapabilities操作的响应示例:

xml version="1.0" encoding="UTF-8"?>

wfs:WFS_Capabilites xmlns:ows="http://www.opengis.net/ows"

xmlns:ogc="http://www.opengis.net/ogc" xmlns:wfs="http://www.opengis.net/wfs"

xmlns:gml="http://www.opengis.net/gml" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink"

xmlns:xsi="http://www.w3.org/2001/XMLSchema-instance"

xsi:schemaLocation="http://www.opengis.net/wfs ../wfs.xsd" version="1.1.0"

updateSequence="0">

<!-- ================================================================== -->

<!-- SERVICE IDENTIFICATION SECTION -->

<!-- ================================================================== -->

ows:ServiceIdentification> ows:ServiceType>WFSows:ServiceType> ows:ServiceTypeVersion>1.1.0ows:ServiceTypeVersion> ows:Title>OGC Member WFSows:Title> ... ows:ServiceIdentification> <!-- ================================================================== --> <!-- SERVICE PROVIDER SECTION --> <!-- ================================================================== --> ows:ServiceProvider> ows:ProviderName>BlueOxows:ProviderName> ows:ServiceContact> ... ows:ServiceContact> ows:ServiceProvider> <!-- ================================================================== --> <!-- OPERATIONS METADATA SECTION --> <!-- ================================================================== --> ows:OperationsMetadata> ows:Operation name="GetCapabilities"> ... ows:Operation> ows:Operation name="DescribeFeatureType"> ... ows:Operation> ows:Operation name="GetFeature"> ... ows:Operation> ows:Operation name="GetFeatureWithLock"> ... ows:Operation> ows:Operation name="GetGMLObject"> ... ows:Operation> ows:Operation name="LockFeature"> ... ows:Operation> ows:Operation name="Transaction"> ... ows:Operation> ows:Parameter name="srsName"> ows:Value>EPSG:4326ows:Value> ows:Parameter> ows:Constraint name="DefaultMaxFeatures"> ows:Value>10000ows:Value> ows:Constraint> ... ows:OperationsMetadata> <!-- ================================================================== --> <!-- FEATURE TYPE LIST SECTION --> <!-- ================================================================== --> wfs:FeatureTypeList> wfs:FeatureType xmlns:bo="http://www.BlueOx.org/BlueOx"> wfs:DefaultSRS>EPSG:62696405wfs:DefaultSRS> wfs:OutputFormats> wfs:Format>text/xml; subtype=gml/3.1.1wfs:Format> wfs:OutputFormats> ows:WGS84BoundingBox> ows:LowerCorner>-180 -90ows:LowerCorner> ows:UpperCorner>180 90ows:UpperCorner> ows:WGS84BoundingBox> ... wfs:FeatureType> wfs:FeatureTypeList> <!-- ================================================================== --> <!-- SERVES GML OBJECT TYPE LIST SECTION --> <!-- ================================================================== --> wfs:ServesGMLObjectTypeList> wfs:GMLObjectType xmlns:bo="http://www.BlueOx.org/BlueOx"> wfs:Name>bo:OxTypewfs:Name> wfs:Title>Babe's Lineagewfs:Title> wfs:OutputFormats> wfs:Format>text/xml; subtype=gml/3.1.1wfs:Format> wfs:Format>text/xhmtlwfs:Format> wfs:OutputFormats> wfs:GMLObjectType> wfs:ServesGMLObjectTypeList> <!-- ================================================================== --> <!-- SUPPORTS GML OBJECT TYPE LIST SECTION --> <!-- ================================================================== --> wfs:SupportsGMLObjectTypeList> wfs:GMLObjectType> wfs:Name>gml:PointTypewfs:Name> wfs:OutputFormats> wfs:Format>text/xml; subtype=gml/3.1.1wfs:Format> wfs:Format>text/xhtmlwfs:Format> wfs:OutputFormats> wfs:GMLObjectType> ... wfs:SupportsGMLObjectTypeList> <!-- ================================================================== --> <!-- FILTER CAPABILITIES SECTION --> <!-- ================================================================== --> ogc:Filter_Capabilities> ogc:Spatial_Capabilities> ogc:GeometryOperands> ogc:GeometryOperand>gml:Envelopeogc:GeometryOperand> ogc:GeometryOperand>gml:Pointogc:GeometryOperand> ogc:GeometryOperand>gml:LineStringogc:GeometryOperand> ogc:GeometryOperand>gml:Polygonogc:GeometryOperand> ... ogc:GeometryOperands> ogc:SpatialOperators> ogc:SpatialOperator name="BBOX" /> ogc:SpatialOperator name="Equals" /> ogc:SpatialOperator name="Disjoint" /> ogc:SpatialOperator name="Intersects" /> ogc:SpatialOperator name="Touches" /> ogc:SpatialOperator name="Crosses" /> ogc:SpatialOperator name="Within" /> ogc:SpatialOperator name="Contains" /> ogc:SpatialOperator name="Overlaps" /> ogc:SpatialOperator name="Beyond" /> ogc:SpatialOperators> ogc:Spatial_Capabilities> ogc:Scalar_Capabilities> ogc:LogicalOperators /> ogc:ComparisonOperators> ogc:ComparisonOperator>LessThanogc:ComparisonOperator> ogc:ComparisonOperator>GreaterThanogc:ComparisonOperator> ogc:ComparisonOperator>LessThanEqualToogc:ComparisonOperator> ogc:ComparisonOperator>GreaterThanEqualToogc:ComparisonOperator> ogc:ComparisonOperator>EqualToogc:ComparisonOperator> ogc:ComparisonOperator>NotEqualToogc:ComparisonOperator> ogc:ComparisonOperator>Likeogc:ComparisonOperator> ogc:ComparisonOperator>Betweenogc:ComparisonOperator> ogc:ComparisonOperator>NullCheckogc:ComparisonOperator> ogc:ComparisonOperators> ogc:ArithmeticOperators> ogc:SimpleArithmetic /> ogc:Functions> ogc:FunctionNames> ogc:FunctionName nArgs="1">MINogc:FunctionName> ogc:FunctionName nArgs="1">MAXogc:FunctionName> ogc:FunctionName nArgs="1">SINogc:FunctionName> ogc:FunctionName nArgs="1">COSogc:FunctionName> ogc:FunctionName nArgs="1">TANogc:FunctionName> ogc:FunctionNames> ogc:Functions> ogc:ArithmeticOperators> ogc:Scalar_Capabilities> ogc:Id_Capabilities> ogc:EID /> ogc:FID /> ogc:Id_Capabilities> ogc:Filter_Capabilities> wfs:WFS_Capabilites>


[1] OGC Common Query Language,参考《OGC Catalogue Service 2.0.2》标准的6.2章节。

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