#include /* 说明 malloc, NULL, size_t */ #include /* 说明 va_ 相关类型和函数 */ #include /* 说明 strcat 等 */ char *vstrcat(const char *first, ...) { size_t len; char *retbuf; va_list argp; char *p; if(first == NULL) return NULL; len = strlen(first); va_start(argp, first); while((p = va_arg(argp, char *)) != NULL) len += strlen(p); va_end(argp); retbuf = malloc(len + 1); /* +1 包含终止符 \0 */ if(retbuf == NULL) return NULL; /* 出错 */ (void)strcpy(retbuf, first); va_start(argp, first); /* 重新开始扫描 */ while((p = va_arg(argp, char *)) != NULL) (void)strcat(retbuf, p); va_end(argp); retbuf = malloc(len + 1); /* +1 包含终止符 \0 */ if(retbuf == NULL) return NULL; /* 出错 */ (void)strcpy(retbuf, first); va_start(argp, first); /* 重新开始扫描 */ while((p = va_arg(argp, char *)) != NULL) (void)strcat(retbuf, p); va_end(argp); return retbuf; } %c 一个单一的字符 %d 一个十进制整数 %i 一个整数 %e, %f, %g 一个浮点数 %o 一个八进制数 %s 一个字符串 %x 一个十六进制数 %p 一个指针 %n 一个等于读取字符数量的整数 %u 一个无符号整数 %[] 一个字符集 %% 一个精度符号 //一、NSString /*----------------创建字符串的方法----------------*/ 1、创建常量字符串。 NSString *astring = @"This is a String!"; 2、创建空字符串,给予赋值。 NSString *astring = [[NSString alloc] init]; astring = @"This is a String!"; NSLog(@"astring:%@",astring); [astring release]; 3、在以上方法中,提升速度:initWithString方法 NSString *astring = [[NSString alloc] initWithString:@"This is a String!"]; NSLog(@"astring:%@",astring); [astring release]; 4、用标准c创建字符串:initWithCString方法 char *Cstring = "This is a String!"; NSString *astring = [[NSString alloc] initWithCString:Cstring]; NSLog(@"astring:%@",astring); [astring release]; 5、创建格式化字符串:占位符(由一个%加一个字符组成) int i = 1; int j = 2; NSString *astring = [[NSString alloc] initWithString:[NSString stringWithFormat:@"%d.This is %i string!",i,j]]; NSLog(@"astring:%@",astring); [astring release]; 6、创建临时字符串 NSString *astring; astring = [NSString stringWithCString:"This is a temporary string"]; NSLog(@"astring:%@",astring); /*----------------从文件读取字符串:initWithContentsOfFile方法 ----------------*/ NSString *path = @"astring.text"; NSString *astring = [[NSString alloc] initWithContentsOfFile:path]; NSLog(@"astring:%@",astring); [astring release]; /*----------------写字符串到文件:writeToFile方法 ----------------*/ NSString *astring = [[NSString alloc] initWithString:@"This is a String!"]; NSLog(@"astring:%@",astring); NSString *path = @"astring.text"; [astring writeToFile: path atomically: YES]; [astring release]; /*---------------- 比较两个字符串----------------*/ 用C比较:strcmp函数 char string1[] = "string!"; char string2[] = "string!"; if(strcmp(string1, string2) = = 0) { NSLog(@"1"); } isEqualToString方法 NSString *astring01 = @"This is a String!"; NSString *astring02 = @"This is a String!"; BOOL result = [astring01 isEqualToString:astring02]; NSLog(@"result:%d",result); compare方法(comparer返回的三种值) NSString *astring01 = @"This is a String!"; NSString *astring02 = @"This is a String!"; BOOL result = [astring01 compare:astring02] = = NSOrderedSame; NSLog(@"result:%d",result); NSOrderedSame 判断两者内容是否相同 NSString *astring01 = @"This is a String!"; NSString *astring02 = @"this is a String!"; BOOL result = [astring01 compare:astring02] = = NSOrderedAscending; NSLog(@"result:%d",result); //NSOrderedAscending 判断两对象值的大小(按字母顺序进行比较,astring02大于astring01为真) NSString *astring01 = @"this is a String!"; NSString *astring02 = @"This is a String!"; BOOL result = [astring01 compare:astring02] = = NSOrderedDescending; NSLog(@"result:%d",result); //NSOrderedDescending 判断两对象值的大小(按字母顺序进行比较,astring02小于astring01为真) 不考虑大 小写比较字符串1 NSString *astring01 = @"this is a String!"; NSString *astring02 = @"This is a String!"; BOOL result = [astring01 caseInsensitiveCompare:astring02] = = NSOrderedSame; NSLog(@"result:%d",result); //NSOrderedDescending判断两对象值的大小(按字母顺序进行比较,astring02小于astring01为 真) 不考虑大小写比较字符串2 NSString *astring01 = @"this is a String!"; NSString *astring02 = @"This is a String!"; BOOL result = [astring01 compare:astring02 options:NSCaseInsensitiveSearch | NSNumericSearch] = = NSOrderedSame; NSLog(@"result:%d",result); //NSCaseInsensitiveSearch:不区分大小写比较 NSLiteralSearch:进行完全比较,区分大小写 NSNumericSearch:比较字符串的字符个数,而不是字符值。 /*----------------改变字符串的大小写----------------*/ NSString *string1 = @"A String"; NSString *string2 = @"String"; NSLog(@"string1:%@",[string1 uppercaseString]);//大写 NSLog(@"string2:%@",[string2 lowercaseString]);//小写 NSLog(@"string2:%@",[string2 capitalizedString]);//首字母大小 /*----------------在串中搜索子串 ----------------*/ NSString *string1 = @"This is a string"; NSString *string2 = @"string"; NSRange range = [string1 rangeOfString:string2]; int location = range.location; int leight = range.length; NSString *astring = [[NSString alloc] initWithString:[NSString stringWithFormat:@"Location:%i,Leight:%i" ,location,leight]]; NSLog(@"astring:%@",astring); [astring release]; /*----------------抽取子串 ----------------*/ -substringToIndex: 从字符串的开头一直截取到指定的位置,但不包括该位置的字符 NSString *string1 = @"This is a string"; NSString *string2 = [string1 substringToIndex:3]; NSLog(@"string2:%@",string2); -substringFromIndex: 以指定位置开始(包括指定位置的字符),并包括之后的全部字符 NSString *string1 = @"This is a string"; NSString *string2 = [string1 substringFromIndex:3]; NSLog(@"string2:%@",string2); -substringWithRange: //按照所给出的位置,长度,任意地从字符串中截取子串 NSString *string1 = @"This is a string"; NSString *string2 = [string1 substringWithRange:NSMakeRange(0, 4)]; NSLog(@"string2:%@",string2); const char *fieldValue = [value cStringUsingEncoding:NSUTF8StringEncoding]; const char *fieldValue = [value UTF8String]; NSString 转 NSData NSString* str= @"kilonet"; NSData* data=[str dataUsingEncoding:NSUTF8StringEncoding]; Date format用法: -(NSString *) getDay:(NSDate *) d { NSString *s ; NSDateFormatter *format = [[NSDateFormatter alloc] init]; [format setDateFormat:@"YYYY/MM/dd hh:mm:ss"]; s = [format stringFromDate:d]; [format release]; return s; } 各地时区获取: NSDate *nowDate = [NSDate new]; NSDateFormatter *formatter = [[NSDateFormatter alloc] init]; [formatter setDateFormat:@"yyyy/MM/dd HH:mm:ss"]; // 根据时区名字获取当前时间,如果该时区不存在,默认获取系统当前时区的时间 // NSTimeZone* timeZone = [NSTimeZone timeZoneWithName:@"Europe/Andorra"]; // [formatter setTimeZone:timeZone]; //获取所有的时区名字 NSArray *array = [NSTimeZone knownTimeZoneNames]; // NSLog(@"array:%@",array); //for循环 // for(int i=0;i<[array count];i++) // { // NSTimeZone* timeZone = [NSTimeZone timeZoneWithName:[array objectAtIndex:i]]; // [formatter setTimeZone:timeZone]; // NSString *locationTime = [formatter stringFromDate:nowDate]; // NSLog(@"时区名字:%@ : 时区当前时间: %@",[array objectAtIndex:i],locationTime); // //NSLog(@"timezone name is:%@",[array objectAtIndex:i]); // } //快速枚举法 for(NSString *timeZoneName in array){ [formatter setTimeZone:[NSTimeZone timeZoneWithName:timeZoneName]]; NSLog(@"%@,%@",timeZoneName,[formatter stringFromDate:nowDate]); } [formatter release]; [nowDate release]; NSCalendar用法: -(NSString *) getWeek:(NSDate *) d { NSCalendar *calendar = [[NSCalendar alloc] initWithCalendarIdentifier:NSGregorianCalendar]; unsigned units = NSYearCalendarUnit | NSMonthCalendarUnit | NSDayCalendarUnit | NSWeekdayCalendarUnit; NSDateComponents *components = [calendar components:units fromDate:d]; [calendar release]; switch ([components weekday]) { case 2: return @"Monday"; break; case 3: return @"Tuesday"; break; case 4: return @"Wednesday"; break; case 5: return @"Thursday"; break; case 6: return @"Friday"; break; case 7: return @"Saturday"; break; case 1: return @"Sunday"; break; default: return @"No Week"; break; } // 用components,我们可以读取其他更多的数据。 } 4. 用Get方式读取网络数据: 将网络数读取为字符串 - (NSString *) getDataByURL:(NSString *) url { return [[NSString alloc] initWithData:[NSData dataWithContentsOfURL:[NSURL URLWithString:[url stringByAddingPercentEscapesUsingEncoding:NSUTF8StringEncoding]]] encoding:NSUTF8StringEncoding]; } //读取网络图片 - (UIImage *) getImageByURL:(NSString *) url { return [[UIImage alloc] initWithData:[NSData dataWithContentsOfURL:[NSURL URLWithString:[url stringByAddingPercentEscapesUsingEncoding:NSUTF8StringEncoding]]]]; } 多线程 [NSThread detachNewThreadSelector:@selector(scheduleTask) toTarget:self withObject:nil]; -(void) scheduleTask { //create a pool NSAutoreleasePool *pool = [[NSAutoreleasePool alloc] init]; //release the pool; [pool release]; } //如果有参数,则这么使用: [NSThread detachNewThreadSelector:@selector(scheduleTask:) toTarget:self withObject:[NSDate date]]; -(void) scheduleTask:(NSDate *) mdate { //create a pool NSAutoreleasePool *pool = [[NSAutoreleasePool alloc] init]; //release the pool; [pool release]; } //注意selector里有冒号。 //在线程里运行主线程里的方法 [self performSelectorOnMainThread:@selector(moveToMain) withObject:nil waitUntilDone:FALSE]; 6. 定时器NSTimer用法: 代码 // 一个可以自动关闭的Alert窗口 UIAlertView *alert = [[UIAlertView alloc] initWithTitle:nil message:[@"一个可以自动关闭的Alert窗口" delegate:nil cancelButtonTitle:nil //NSLocalizedString(@"OK", @"OK") //取消任何按钮 otherButtonTitles:nil]; //[alert setBounds:CGRectMake (alert.bounds.origin.x, alert.bounds.origin.y, alert.bounds.size.width, alert.bounds.size.height+30.0)]; [alert show]; UIActivityIndicatorView *indicator = [[UIActivityIndicatorView alloc] initWithActivityIndicatorStyle:UIActivityIndicatorViewStyleWhiteLarge]; // Adjust the indicator so it is up a few pixels from the bottom of the alert indicator.center = CGPointMake(alert.bounds.size.width/2, alert.bounds.size.height-40.0); [indicator startAnimating]; [alert insertSubview:indicator atIndex:0]; [indicator release]; [NSTimer scheduledTimerWithTimeInterval:3.0f target:self selector:@selector(dismissAlert:) userInfo:[NSDictionary dictionaryWithObjectsAndKeys:alert, @"alert", @"testing ", @"key" ,nil] //如果不用传递参数,那么可以将此项设置为nil. repeats:NO]; NSLog(@"release alert"); [alert release]; -(void) dismissAlert:(NSTimer *)timer{ NSLog(@"release timer"); NSLog([[timer userInfo] objectForKey:@"key"]); UIAlertView *alert = [[timer userInfo] objectForKey:@"alert"]; [alert dismissWithClickedButtonIndex:0 animated:YES]; } 定时器停止使用: [timer invalidate]; timer = nil; 7. 用户缺省值NSUserDefaults读取: //得到用户缺省值 NSUserDefaults *defs = [NSUserDefaults standardUserDefaults]; //在缺省值中找到AppleLanguages, 返回值是一个数组 NSArray* languages = [defs objectForKey:@"AppleLanguages"]; NSLog(@"all language语言 is %@", languages); //在得到的数组中的第一个项就是用户的首选语言了 NSLog(@"首选语言 is %@",[languages objectAtIndex:0]); //get the language & country code NSLocale *currentLocale = [NSLocale currentLocale]; NSLog(@"Language Code is %@", [currentLocale objectForKey:NSLocaleLanguageCode]); NSLog(@"Country Code is %@", [currentLocale objectForKey:NSLocaleCountryCode 8. View之间切换的动态效果设置: SettingsController *settings = [[SettingsController alloc]initWithNibName:@"SettingsView" bundle:nil]; settings.modalTransitionStyle = UIModalTransitionStyleFlipHorizontal; //水平翻转 [self presentModalViewController:settings animated:YES]; [settings release]; 9.NSScrollView 滑动用法: -(void) scrollViewDidScroll:(UIScrollView *)scrollView{ NSLog(@"正在滑动中..."); } //用户直接滑动NSScrollView,可以看到滑动条 -(void) scrollViewDidEndDecelerating:(UIScrollView *)scrollView { } // 通过其他控件触发NSScrollView滑动,看不到滑动条 - (void) scrollViewDidEndScrollingAnimation:(UIScrollView *)scrollView { } 11.键盘处理系列 //set the UIKeyboard to switch to a different text field when you press return //switch textField to the name of your textfield [textField becomeFirstResponder]; srandom(time(NULL)); //随机数种子 id d = random(); // 随机数 4. iPhone的系统目录: //得到Document目录: NSArray *paths = NSSearchPathForDirectoriesInDomains(NSDocumentDirectory, NSUserDomainMask, YES); NSString *documentsDirectory = [paths objectAtIndex:0]; //得到temp临时目录: NSString *tempPath = NSTemporaryDirectory(); //得到目录上的文件地址: NSString *文件地址 = [目录地址 stringByAppendingPathComponent:@"文件名.扩展名"]; 5. 状态栏显示Indicator: [UIApplication sharedApplication].networkActivityIndicatorVisible = YES; 6.app Icon显示数字: - (void)applicationDidEnterBackground:(UIApplication *)application{ [[UIApplication sharedApplication] setApplicationIconBadgeNumber:5]; } 7.sqlite保存地址: 代码 NSArray *paths = NSSearchPathForDirectoriesInDomains(NSDocumentDirectory, NSUserDomainMask, YES); NSString *thePath = [paths objectAtIndex:0]; NSString *filePath = [thePath stringByAppendingPathComponent:@"kilonet1.sqlite"]; NSString *dbPath = [[[NSBundle mainBundle] resourcePath] stringByAppendingPathComponent:@"kilonet2.sqlite"]; 8.Application退出:exit(0); 9. AlertView,ActionSheet的cancelButton点击事件: 代码 -(void) actionSheet :(UIActionSheet *) actionSheet didDismissWithButtonIndex:(NSInteger) buttonIndex { NSLog(@"cancel actionSheet........"); //当用户按下cancel按钮 if( buttonIndex == [actionSheet cancelButtonIndex]) { exit(0); } // //当用户按下destructive按钮 // if( buttonIndex == [actionSheet destructiveButtonIndex]) { // // DoSomething here. // } } - (void)alertView:(UIAlertView *)alertView willDismissWithButtonIndex:(NSInteger)buttonIndex { NSLog(@"cancel alertView........"); if (buttonIndex == [alertView cancelButtonIndex]) { exit(0); } } 10.给Window设置全局的背景图片: window.backgroundColor = [UIColor colorWithPatternImage:[UIImage imageNamed:@"coolblack.png"]]; 11. UITextField文本框显示及对键盘的控制: 代码 #pragma mark - #pragma mark UITextFieldDelegate //控制键盘跳转 - (BOOL)textFieldShouldReturn:(UITextField *)textField { if (textField == _txtAccount) { if ([_txtAccount.text length]==0) { return NO; } [_txtPassword becomeFirstResponder]; } else if (textField == _txtPassword) { [_txtPassword resignFirstResponder]; } return YES; } //输入框背景更换 -(BOOL) textFieldShouldBeginEditing:(UITextField *)textField{ [textField setBackground:[UIImage imageNamed:@"ctext_field_02.png"]]; return YES; } -(void) textFieldDidEndEditing:(UITextField *)textField{ [textField setBackground:[UIImage imageNamed:@"ctext_field_01.png"]]; } 12.UITextField文本框前面空白宽度设置以及后面组合按钮设置: 代码 //给文本输入框后面加入空白 _txtAccount.rightView = _btnDropDown; _txtAccount.rightViewMode = UITextFieldViewModeAlways; //给文本输入框前面加入空白 CGRect frame = [_txtAccount frame]; frame.size.width = 5; UIView *leftview = [[UIView alloc] initWithFrame:frame]; _txtAccount.leftViewMode = UITextFieldViewModeAlways; _txtAccount.leftView = leftview; 13. UIScrollView 设置滑动不超出本身范围: [fcScrollView setBounces:NO]; 14. 在drawRect里画文字: UIFont * f = [UIFont systemFontOfSize:20]; [[UIColor darkGrayColor] set]; NSString * text = @"hi \nKiloNet"; [text drawAtPoint:CGPointMake(center.x,center.y) withFont:f]; 15. NSArray查找是否存在对象时用indexOfObject,如果不存在则返回为NSNotFound. 16. NString与NSArray之间相互转换: array = [string componentsSeparatedByString:@","]; string = [[array valueForKey:@"description"] componentsJoinedByString:@","]; 17. TabController随意切换tab bar: [self.tabBarController setSelectedIndex:tabIndex]; 或者 self.tabBarController.selectedIndex = tabIndex; 或者实现下面的delegate来扑捉tab bar的事件: 代码-(BOOL) tabBarController:(UITabBarController *)tabBarController shouldSelectViewController:(UIViewController *)viewController { if ([viewController.tabBarItem.title isEqualToString: NSLocalizedString(@"Logout",nil)]) { [self showLogout]; return NO; } return YES;} 18. 自定义View之间切换动画: 代码 - (void) pushController: (UIViewController*) controller withTransition: (UIViewAnimationTransition) transition { [UIView beginAnimations:nil context:NULL]; [self pushViewController:controller animated:NO]; [UIView setAnimationDuration:.5]; [UIView setAnimationBeginsFromCurrentState:YES]; [UIView setAnimationTransition:transition forView:self.view cache:YES]; [UIView commitAnimations]; } CATransition *transition = [CATransition animation]; transition.duration = kAnimationDuration; transition.timingFunction = [CAMediaTimingFunction functionWithName:kCAMediaTimingFunctionEaseInEaseOut]; transition.type = kCATransitionPush; transition.subtype = kCATransitionFromTop; transitioning = YES; transition.delegate = self; [self.navigationController.view.layer addAnimation:transition forKey:nil]; self.navigationController.navigationBarHidden = NO; [self.navigationController pushViewController:tableViewController animated:YES]; 20.计算字符串长度: CGFloat w = [title sizeWithFont:[UIFont fontWithName:@"Arial" size:18]].width; 23.在使用UISearchBar时,将背景色设定为clearColor,或者将translucent设为YES,都不能使背景透明,经过一番研究,发现了一种超级简单和实用的方法: 1 [[searchbar.subviews objectAtIndex:0]removeFromSuperview]; 背景完全消除了,只剩下搜索框本身了。 24. 图像与缓存 : UIImageView *wallpaper = [[UIImageView alloc] initWithImage: [UIImage imageNamed:@"icon.png"]]; // 会缓存图片 UIImageView *wallpaper = [[UIImageView alloc] initWithImage: [UIImage imageWithContentsOfFile:@"icon.png"]]; // 不会缓存图片 25. iphone-常用的对视图图层(layer)的操作 对图层的操作: (1.给图层添加背景图片: myView.layer.contents = (id)[UIImage imageNamed:@"view_BG.png"].CGImage; (2.将图层的边框设置为圆脚 myWebView.layer.cornerRadius = 8; myWebView.layer.masksToBounds = YES; (3.给图层添加一个有色边框 myWebView.layer.borderWidth = 5; myWebView.layer.borderColor = [[UIColor colorWithRed:0.52 green:0.09 blue:0.07 alpha:1] CGColor];