一天一个C Run-Time Library 函数 (7) asctime(时间函数)

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一天一个C Run-Time Library 函数 (7) asctime(时间函数)

write by 九天雁翎(JTianLing) -- blog.csdn.net/vagrxie

msdn:

Convert a tm time structure to a character string. These functions are deprecated because more secure versions are available; see asctime_s,

char *asctime(

const struct tm *timeptr

);

测试程序:

#include <stdio.h>

#include <time.h>

int main( void )

{

time_t ltNow = time(NULL);

struct tm* lptmNow = localtime(&ltNow);

const char* lpszNow = asctime(lptmNow);

printf("%s",lpszNow);

return 0;

}

说明:

asctime是非常使用的函数,与time(),localtimegmtimemktime,ctime一起构成了C语言世界的时间概念。C中的格林威治时间体系就是由这几个函数来完成的。time_t类型是用来沟通这些函数的桥梁。说明一下,localtime在转换的时候是根据本地locale来转换的,gmtime就是转换标准的格林威治时间,(似乎从结果上来看就是转换成了伦敦时间)。顺面说一下,以_t结尾的类型定义虽然你在Windows中看到是可能是简单的int型,但是即使这样,作为可移植的程序开发,还是应该用原来的类型定义,这样碰到不同实现的时候不至于会导致错误,比如windows中现在time_t现在默认的就是int64了。

与此类似的类型还有pid_t,win_t

实现:

static _TSCHAR * __cdecl store_dt (

REG1 _TSCHAR *p,

REG2 int val

)

{

*p++ = (_TSCHAR)(_T('0') + val / 10);

*p++ = (_TSCHAR)(_T('0') + val % 10);

return(p);

}

REG2 _TSCHAR *p = buffer;

int day, mon;

int i;

day = tb->tm_wday * 3; /* index to correct day string */

mon = tb->tm_mon * 3; /* index to correct month string */

for (i=0; i < 3; i++,p++) {

*p = *(__dnames + day + i);

*(p+4) = *(__mnames + mon + i);

}

*p = _T(' '); /* blank between day and month */

p += 4;

*p++ = _T(' ');

p = store_dt(p, tb->tm_mday); /* day of the month (1-31) */

*p++ = _T(' ');

p = store_dt(p, tb->tm_hour); /* hours (0-23) */

*p++ = _T(':');

p = store_dt(p, tb->tm_min); /* minutes (0-59) */

*p++ = _T(':');

p = store_dt(p, tb->tm_sec); /* seconds (0-59) */

*p++ = _T(' ');

p = store_dt(p, 19 + (tb->tm_year/100)); /* year (after 1900) */

p = store_dt(p, tb->tm_year%100);

*p++ = _T('/n');

*p = _T('/0');

MS:

这个实现是我此系列开始写以后看的源代码中最有意思的源代码了。所以不惜编程源代码的分析都要讲一讲。

很有意思的代码,淋漓尽致的体现了C语言指针的灵活。

for (i=0; i < 3; i++,p++) {

*p = *(__dnames + day + i);

*(p+4) = *(__mnames + mon + i);

}

通过对月和星期的buf,用这个循环完成的6个字符的拷贝更是很让我欣赏:)

通过val/10的加上’0’asc值的方式完成的默认前置0的赋值也是很有意思的技巧。

*p++ = (_TSCHAR)(_T('0') + val / 10);

*p++ = (_TSCHAR)(_T('0') + val % 10);

gcc:

仅仅通过一个简单的snprintf来实现,这估计也是大部分人的实现方式。。。。我要是真的准备实现这样一个代码也会这样实现。

效率测试:

很想知道到底哪个会赢。。。。不过太晚了。。。。

相关函数:

gmtime, localtime, ctime, time,

个人想法:

除了宽字节版本不能使用之外,其他函数的使用自然没有任何问题。并且函数名完全一致。对于这么古老和标准的函数假如还能出现问题,估计任何做可移植程序的人都会崩溃的。放心用吧。

write by 九天雁翎(JTianLing) -- blog.csdn.net/vagrxie

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