文件的输入和输出

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iostream库也支持文件的输入和输出。所有能应用在标准输入和输出上的操作符,也都可以应用到已经被打开的输入或输出文件上。为了打开一个文件供输入和输出,除了iostream头文件之外,还必须包含头文件:

#include <fstream>

为了打开一个输出文件,我们必须声明一个ofstream类型的对象:

ofstream outfile("name-of-file");

为了测试是否已经成功地打开一个文件,我们可以写出这样的代码:

//如文件不能打开值为false

if(!outfile)

cerr<<"Sorry! We were unable to open the file!\n";

类似地,为了打开一个文件供输入,我们必须声明一个ifstream类型的对象:

ifstream infile("name-of-file");

if ( ! infile )

cerr << "Sorry! We were unable to open the file!\n";

下面是一个简单的程序。它从一个名为in_file的文本文件中读取单词,然后把每个单词写到一个out_file的输出文件中,并且为每个词用空格分开。

#include <iostream>

#include <fstream>

#include <string>

int main()

{

ofstream outfile( "out_file" );

ifstream infile( "in_file" );

if ( ! infile ) {

cerr << "error: unable to open input file!\n";

return -1;

}

if ( ! outfile ) {

cerr << "error: unable to open output file!\n";

return -2;

}

string word;

while ( infile >> word )

outfile << word << ' ';

return 0;

}

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