freebsd8.x-桌面应用安装、声音配置、定制内核
一、浏览器及相关日常工具
1、安装firefox
pkg_add -r firefox
或者
cd /usr/ports/www/firefox
make install clean
2、安装opera
pkg_add -r opera
或者
cd /usr/ports/www/opera
make install clean
3、flash支持
1)启动LINUX兼容
kldload linux
然后设置系统启动时自动开启
/etc/rc.conf中加入一行
linux_enable="YES"
2）安装linux支持
#cd /usr/ports/emulators/linux-base-f10
#make install distclean
#cd /usr/ports/www/nspluginwrapper
#make install clean
4)flash
# cd /usr/ports/www/swfdec-plugin
# make install
4、pdf查看
pkg_add -r gv
5、图形专业查看和编辑
pkg_add -r gimp
6、openoffice
1)下载
# /usr/local/bin/wget ftp://ooopackages.good-day.net/pub/OpenOffice.org/FreeBSD/3.2.1/i386/OOo_3.2.1_FreeBSD81Intel_install_zh-CN.tbz
2)下载后解压安装
7、acrobat reader
cd /usr/ports/print/acroread8
make install clean
8、图片管理
pkg_add -r gqview
9、多线程下载
# cd /usr/ports/ftp/axel
# make install clean
二、字体
------------------------------------------------
安装文泉驿中文字体：
# whereis wqy
wqy: /usr/ports/x11-fonts/wqy
# cd /usr/ports/x11-fonts/wqy
# make install clean
15分钟左右ok
让X系统启动时载入字体。
编辑/etc/X11/xorg.conf
在Section "Files"里面加一行，FontPath "/usr/local/lib/X11/fonts/wqy"像下面这样
Section "Files"
ModulePath "/usr/local/lib/xorg/modules"
FontPath "/usr/local/lib/X11/fonts/misc/"
FontPath "/usr/local/lib/X11/fonts/TTF/"
FontPath "/usr/local/lib/X11/fonts/OTF"
FontPath "/usr/local/lib/X11/fonts/Type1/"
FontPath "/usr/local/lib/X11/fonts/100dpi/"
FontPath "/usr/local/lib/X11/fonts/75dpi/"
FontPath "/usr/local/lib/X11/fonts/wqy"
EndSection
三、输入法
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安装ibus输入法
方法一：
pkg_add -r zh-ibus-pinyin
自动安装ibus和拼音输入法
方法二：
1 # pkg_add -r ibus 安装ibus
2 如下安装拼音输入法
# whereis ibus-pinyin
# ibus-pinyin: /usr/ports/chinese/ibus-pinyin
# cd /usr/ports/chinese/ibus-pinyin
# make install clean
需时约30分钟
设置启用ibus:
1.设置locale为UTF-8字符集
如果用csh或者tcsh, .cshrc 中增加
setenv LANG zh_CN.UTF-8
#桌面界面语言为中文 [如果remark掉，则桌面菜单等仍为英文]
setenv LC_CTYPE zh_CN.UTF-8
#locale的character type为UTF-8中文. [如果remark掉，将无法调出中文输入法]
setenv LC_ALL zh_CN.UTF-8
#暂不清楚，推测是locale各项设置改为中文 [remark掉无影响]
如果用sh, .shrc中增加 [如果用bash, .bashrc中增加]
export LANG=zh_CN.UTF-8
#桌面界面语言为中文 [如果remark掉，则桌面菜单等仍为英文]
export LC_ALL=zh_CN.UTF-8
#locale的character type为UTF-8中文. [如果remark掉，将无法调出中文输入法]
export LC_ALL=zh_CN.UTF-8
#暂不清楚，推测是locale各项设置改为中文 [remark掉无影响]
2.让ibus daemon随X一起启动
.xinitrc中增加
XIM=ibus
GTK_IM_MODULE=ibus
QT_IM_MODULE=xim
XMODIFIERS='@im=ibus'
XIM_PROGRAM="ibus-daemon"
XIM_ARGS="--daemonize --xim"
[参考一里有下面的说明, 这部分干啥用的？没照做也ok了]
.profile中添加
export LC_ALL=zh_CN.UTF-8
重启, startx, 在panel右击ibus图标->preferences->input method->select an input method->Chinese->pinyin, 点击Add, 点close.
ibus设置ok了.
参考一： http://alexshots.blog.163.com/blog/static/112112020108284599116/ [freebsd 8.1 如何安装中文拼音输入法ibus-pinyin]
参考二： ibus安装后的提示信息[after pkd_add -r ibus]：
ibus installation finished. To use ibus, please do the following:
If you are using bash, please add following lines to your $HOME/.bashrc:
export XIM=ibus
export GTK_IM_MODULE=ibus
export QT_IM_MODULE=xim
export XMODIFIERS=@im=ibus
export XIM_PROGRAM="ibus-daemon"
export XIM_ARGS="--daemonize --xim"
If you are using tcsh, please add following lines to your $HOME/.cshrc:
setenv XIM ibus
setenv GTK_IM_MODULE ibus
setenv QT_IM_MODULE xim
setenv XMODIFIERS @im=ibus
setenv XIM_PROGRAM ibus-daemon
setenv XIM_ARGS "--daemonize --xim"
If you are using KDE4, you may create a shell script in $HOME/.kde4/env,
and add following lines:
#!/bin/sh
export XIM=ibus
export GTK_IM_MODULE=ibus
export QT_IM_MODULE=xim
export XMODIFIERS=@im=ibus
export XIM_PROGRAM="ibus-daemon"
export XIM_ARGS="--daemonize --xim"
Following input methods/engines are available in ports:
chinese/ibus-chewing Chewing engine for IBus
chinese/ibus-pinyin The PinYin input method
japanese/ibus-anthy Anthy engine for IBus
japanese/ibus-skk SKK engine for IBus
textproc/ibus-kmfl KMFL IMEngine for IBus framework
textproc/ibus-m17n The m17n IMEngine for IBus framework
textproc/ibus-table Table based IM framework for IBus
and QT4 input method module, textproc/ibus-qt.
If ibus cannot start or the panel does not appear, please ensure
that you are using up-to-date python.
There's a bug in python 2.5, which may prevent the panel from appearing.
四、声卡
1、加载最常见声卡设备驱动
# kldload snd_driver
2、测试声卡,如何产生了噪音，则表示声卡在工作
先查看驱动加载情况
# cat /dev/sndstat
FreeBSD Audio Driver (newpcm: 32bit 2009061500/i386)
Installed devices:
pcm0: <HDA Conexant CX20561 (Hermosa) PCM #0 Analog> (play/rec) default
pcm1: <HDA Conexant CX20561 (Hermosa) PCM #1 Analog> (play)
然后测试声音
# cat /root/xorg.conf.new > /dev/dsp
3、配置系统启动时自动加载驱动模块
可以看到第2步时已经知道本机的声卡类型：HDA Conexant CX20561
查看可装载的驱动模块：
ee /boot/defaults/loader.conf
找到HDA Conexant CX20561 相应的名称
snd_hda_load="NO" # Intel High Definition Audio (Controller
设置启动时装载
ee /boot/loader.conf
snd_hda_load="YES“
然后重新启动电脑
reboot
4、安装图形mp3播放器
cd /usr/ports/multimedia/xmms
make install clean
5、安装命令行MP3播放器
pkg_add -r mpg123
在命令行播放
mpg123 *.mp3