oracle 常用命令

出自

Oracle.Press.Portable.DBA.Oracle.Essential.Techniques.for.the.Day-to-Day.DBA

alter cluster

ALTER CLUSTER pub_cluster SIZE 4K; 
ALTER CLUSTER pub_cluster DEALLOCATE UNUSED KEEP 1M;

alter database: Alter a Data File

ALTER DATABASE DATAFILE 4 OFFLINE;
ALTER DATABASE DATAFILE '/opt/oracle/datafile/users01.dbf' OFFLINE;
ALTER DATABASE DATAFILE '/opt/oracle/datafile/users01.dbf' 
RESIZE 100m;
ALTER DATABASE DATAFILE '/opt/oracle/datafile/users01.dbf' 
AUTOEXTEND ON NEXT 100M MAXSIZE 1000M;
ALTER DATABASE DATAFILE 4 END BACKUP;

alter database: Alter a Tempfile

ALTER DATABASE TEMPFILE 4 RESIZE 100M;
ALTER DATABASE TEMPFILE 4 
AUTOEXTEND ON NEXT 100M MAXSIZE 1000M;
ALTER DATABASE TEMPFILE 4 DROP INCLUDING DATAFILES;
ALTER DATABASE TEMPFILE 4 OFFLINE;

alter database: ARCHIVELOG Mode Commands

ALTER DATABASE ARCHIVELOG;
ALTER DATABASE NOARCHIVELOG;
ALTER DATABASE FORCE LOGGING;
ALTER DATABASE CLEAR LOGFILE '/opt/oracle/logfiles/redo01.rdo';
ALTER DATABASE CLEAR UNARCHIVED LOGFILE 
'/opt/oracle/logfiles/redo01.rdo';
ALTER DATABASE ADD SUPPLEMENTAL LOG DATA;
ALTER DATABASE ADD SUPPLEMENTAL LOG DATA (PRIMARY KEY, UNIQUE);
ALTER DATABASE DROP SUPPLEMENTAL LOG DATA;

alter database: Control File Operations

ALTER DATABASE BACKUP CONTROLFILE TO TRACE;
ALTER DATABASE BACKUP CONTROLFILE TO TRACE 
AS '/opt/oracle/logfile_backup/backup_logfile.trc'
REUSE RESETLOGS;
ALTER DATABASE BACKUP CONTROLFILE TO 
'/opt/oracle/logfile_backup/backup_logfile.ctl';

alter database: Create a Data File

ALTER DATABASE CREATE DATAFILE 
'/opt/oracle/datafile/users01.dbf' AS '/opt/oracle/datafile/users01.dbf';
ALTER DATABASE CREATE DATAFILE 4
AS '/opt/oracle/datafile/users01.dbf';
ALTER DATABASE CREATE DATAFILE 
'/opt/oracle/datafile/users01.dbf' AS NEW;

alter database: Datafile Offline/Online

Seealter database: Alter a Data File

alter database: Logfile Commands

ALTER DATABASE ADD LOGFILE GROUP 2 
('/opt/oracle/logfiles/redo02a.rdo', '/opt/oracle/logfiles/redo02b.rdo')
SIZE 300M REUSE;
ALTER DATABASE ADD LOGFILE MEMBER
'/opt/oracle/logfiles/redo02c.rdo'
to GROUP 2;
ALTER DATABASE ADD LOGFILE thread 3 GROUP 2 
('/opt/oracle/logfiles/redo02a.rdo', '/opt/oracle/logfiles/redo02b.rdo') 
SIZE 300M REUSE;
ALTER DATABASE DROP LOGFILE GROUP 3;
ALTER DATABASE DROP LOGFILE MEMBER '/opt/oracle/logfiles/redo02b.rdo';

alter database: Mount and Open the Database

ALTER DATABASE MOUNT;
ALTER DATABASE OPEN;

alter database: Move or Rename a Database File or Online Redo Log

Note

NoteThe database must be mounted to rename or move online redo logs. The database must be mounted or the data files taken offline to move database data files. ALTER DATABASE RENAME FILE '/ora/datafile/oldfile.dbf' TO '/ora/datafile/newfile.dbf';

alter database: Open the Database Read-Only

ALTER DATABASE OPEN READ ONLY;

alter database: Open the Database with resetlogs

ALTER DATABASE OPEN RESETLOGS;

alter database: Recover the Database

For database recovery, I recommend the use of therecovercommand instead. See the “recover” section, later in the chapter.

alter function: Recompile a Function

ALTER FUNCTION my_function COMPILE;

alter index: Allocate and Deallocate Extents

ALTER INDEX ix_my_tab ALLOCATE EXTENT;
ALTER INDEX ix_my_tab ALLOCATE EXTENT 
DATAFILE '/ora/datafile/newidx.dbf';
ALTER INDEX ix_my_tab DEALLOCATE UNUSED;
ALTER INDEX ix_my_tab DEALLOCATE UNUSED KEEP 100M;

alter index: Miscellaneous Maintenance

ALTER INDEX ix_my_tab PARALLEL 3;
ALTER INDEX ix_my_tab NOPARALLEL;
ALTER INDEX ix_my_tab NOCOMPRESS;
ALTER INDEX ix_my_tab COMPRESS;

alter index: Modify Logging Attributes

ALTER INDEX ix_my_tab LOGGING;
ALTER INDEX ix_my_tab NOLOGGING;

alter index: Modify Storage and Physical Attributes

ALTER INDEX ix_my_tab PCTFREE 10 PCTUSED 40 INITRANS 5
STORAGE (NEXT 100k MAXEXTENTS UNLIMITED FREELISTS 10
BUFFER_POOL KEEP);

alter index: Partition – Add Hash Index Partition

ALTER INDEX ix_my_tab ADD PARTITION 
TABLESPACE NEWIDXTBS;

alter index: Partition – Coalesce Partition

ALTER INDEX ix_my_tab COALESCE PARTITION;

alter index: Partition – Drop Partition

ALTER INDEX ix_my_tab DROP PARTITION ix_my_tab_jan_04;

alter index: Partition – Modify Default Attributes

ALTER INDEX ix_my_tab MODIFY DEFAULT ATTRIBUTES 
FOR PARTITION ix_my_tab_jan_04
PCTFREE 10 PCTUSED 40 TABLESPACE newidxtbs
NOLOGGING COMPRESS;

alter index: Partition – Modify Partition

ALTER INDEX ix_my_tab MODIFY PARTITION ix_my_tab_jan_04
DEALLOCATE UNUSED KEEP 100M;
ALTER INDEX ix_my_tab MODIFY PARTITION ix_my_tab_jan_04
ALLOCATE EXTENT SIZE 100m;
ALTER INDEX ix_my_tab MODIFY PARTITION ix_my_tab_jan_04
PCTUSED 40 STORAGE(NEXT 50m) NOLOGGING;

alter index: Partition – Modify Subpartition

ALTER INDEX ix_my_tab MODIFY SUBPARTITION ix_my_tab_jan_04
DEALLOCATE UNUSED KEEP 100M;
ALTER INDEX ix_my_tab MODIFY SUBPARTITION ix_my_tab_jan_04
ALLOCATE EXTENT SIZE 100m;
ALTER INDEX ix_my_tab MODIFY SUBPARTITION ix_my_tab_jan_04
PCTUSED 40 STORAGE(NEXT 50m) NOLOGGING;

alter index: Partition – Rename

ALTER INDEX ix_my_tab RENAME 
PARTITION ix_my_tab_jan_04 TO ix_my_tab_jan_05;
ALTER INDEX ix_my_tab RENAME 
SUBPARTITION ix_my_tab_jan_04 TO ix_my_tab_jan_05;

alter index: Partition – Split

ALTER INDEX ix_my_tab SPLIT PARTITION ix_my_tab_jan_05
AT ('15-JAN-05') INTO PARTITION ix_my_tab_jan_05a
TABLESPACE myidxtbs 
STORAGE (INITIAL 100m NEXT 50M FREELISTS 5);

alter index: Rebuild Nonpartitioned Indexes

ALTER INDEX ix_my_tab REBUILD ONLINE;
ALTER INDEX ix_my_tab REBUILD ONLINE
TABLESPACE idx_tbs_new PCTFREE 1 
STORAGE (INITIAL 50M NEXT 50m FREELISTS 5)
COMPUTE STATISTICS PARALLEL 0;

alter index: Rebuild Partitions

ALTER INDEX ix_my_tab 
REBUILD PARTITION ix_my_tab_jan_04 ONLINE;
ALTER INDEX ix_my_tab 
REBUILD SUBPARTITION ix_my_tab_jan_04 ONLINE
PCTFREE 1 STORAGE (INITIAL 50M NEXT 50m FREELISTS 5)
COMPUTE STATISTICS PARALLEL 0;

alter index: Rename

ALTER INDEX ix_my_tab RENAME TO 'ix_my_tab_01';

alter index: Shrink

ALTER INDEX ix_my_tab SHRINK SPACE;
ALTER INDEX ix_my_tab SHRINK SPACE COMPACT CASCADE;

alter materialized view: Allocate and Deallocate Extents

ALTER MATERIALIZED VIEW mv_my_tab ALLOCATE EXTENT;
ALTER MATERIALIZED VIEW mv_my_tab DEALLOCATE UNUSED;

alter materialized view: Miscellaneous

ALTER MATERIALIZED VIEW mv_my_tab COMPRESS;
ALTER MATERIALIZED VIEW mv_my_tab PARALLEL 3;
ALTER MATERIALIZED VIEW mv_my_tab NOLOGGING;
ALTER MATERIALIZED VIEW mv_my_tab LOGGING; 
ALTER MATERIALIZED VIEW mv_my_tab CONSIDER FRESH;
ALTER MATERIALIZED VIEW mv_my_tab ENABLE QUERY REWRITE;

alter materialized view: Physical Attributes and Storage

ALTER MATERIALIZED VIEW mv_my_tab
PCTFREE 5 PCTUSED 60
STORAGE (NEXT 100m FREELISTS 5);

alter materialized view: Refresh

ALTER MATERIALIZED VIEW mv_my_tab REFRESH FAST;
ALTER MATERIALIZED VIEW mv_my_tab REFRESH COMPLETE;
ALTER MATERIALIZED VIEW mv_my_tab REFRESH FAST ON DEMAND;
ALTER MATERIALIZED VIEW mv_my_tab REFRESH FAST ON COMMIT;
ALTER MATERIALIZED VIEW mv_my_tab REFRESH COMPLETE 
START WITH sysdate;
ALTER MATERIALIZED VIEW mv_my_tab REFRESH COMPLETE 
START WITH sysdate NEXT sysdate+1/24;

alter materialized view: Shrink Space

ALTER MATERIALIZED VIEW mv_my_tab SHRINK SPACE;
ALTER MATERIALIZED VIEW mv_my_tab 
SHRINK SPACE COMPACT CASCADE;

alter materialized view log: Add Components

ALTER MATERIALIZED VIEW LOG ON my_tab ADD PRIMARY KEY;
ALTER MATERIALIZED VIEW LOG ON my_tab ADD (col1, col2)
INCLUDING NEW VALUES;
ALTER MATERIALIZED VIEW LOG ON my_tab ADD (col1, col2), 
ROWID, SEQUENCE INCLUDING NEW VALUES;

alter materialized view log: Allocate and Deallocate Extents

ALTER MATERIALIZED VIEW LOG ON my_tab ALLOCATE EXTENT;
ALTER MATERIALIZED VIEW LOG ON my_tab DEALLOCATE UNUSED;

alter materialized view log: Miscellaneous

ALTER MATERIALIZED VIEW LOG ON my_tab PARALLEL 3;
ALTER MATERIALIZED VIEW LOG ON my_tab NOLOGGING;
ALTER MATERIALIZED VIEW LOG ON my_tab SHRINK SPACE;

alter materialized view log: Physical Attributes and Storage

ALTER MATERIALIZED VIEW LOG ON my_tab
PCTFREE 5 PCTUSED 60
STORAGE (NEXT 100m FREELISTS 5);

alter package: Compile

ALTER PACKAGE pk_my_package COMPILE;
ALTER PACKAGE pk_my_package COMPILE SPECIFICATION;
ALTER PACKAGE pk_my_package COMPILE BODY;

alter procedure: Compile

ALTER PROCEDURE pk_my_package COMPILE;

alter profile: Miscellaneous

ALTER ROLE my_role IDENTIFIED BY password;
ALTER ROLE my_role NOT IDENTIFIED;

alter profile: Modify Limits (Password)

ALTER PROFILE my_profile LIMIT FAILED_LOGIN_ATTEMPTS=3;
ALTER PROFILE my_profile LIMIT PASSWORD_LOCK_TIME=2/24;
ALTER PROFILE my_profile LIMIT PASSWORD_GRACE_TIME=5;
ALTER PROFILE my_profile LIMIT PASSWORD_LIFETIME=60;
ALTER PROFILE my_profile LIMIT PASSWORD_REUSE_TIME=365 PASSWORD_REUSE_MAX=3;

alter profile: Modify Limits (Resource)

ALTER PROFILE my_profile LIMIT SESSIONS_PER_CPU=10;
ALTER PROFILE my_profile LIMIT CONNECT_TIME=1000;
ALTER PROFILE my_profile LIMIT IDLE_TIME=60;
ALTER PROFILE my_profile LIMIT PRIVATE_SGA=1000000;

alter rollback segment: Online/Offline

ALTER ROLLBACK SEGMENT rbs01 OFFLINE;
ALTER ROLLBACK SEGMENT rbs01 ONLINE;

alter rollback segment: Shrink

ALTER ROLLBACK SEGMENT rbs01 SHRINK;
ALTER ROLLBACK SEGMENT rbs01 SHRINK TO 100M;

alter rollback segment: storage Clause

ALTER ROLLBACK SEGMENT rbs01 STORAGE(NEXT 50M OPTIMAL 100M);

alter sequence: Miscellaneous

ALTER SEQUENCE my_seq INCREMENT BY –5;
ALTER SEQUENCE my_seq INCREMENT BY 1 MAXVALUE 50000 CYCLE;
ALTER SEQUENCE my_seq NOMAXVALUE;
ALTER SEQUENCE my_seq CACHE ORDER;
ALTER SEQUENCE my_seq INCREMENT BY 1 
MINVALUE 1 MAXVALUE 500 CYCLE;

alter session: Enable and Disable Parallel Operations

ALTER SESSION ENABLE PARALLEL DML PARALLEL 3;
ALTER SESSION ENABLE PARALLEL DDL;
ALTER SESSION DISABLE PARALLEL QUERY;

alter session: Resumable Space Management

ALTER SESSION ENABLE RESUMABLE TIMEOUT 3600;
ALTER SESSION DISABLE RESUMABLE;

alter session: Set Session Parameters

ALTER SESSION SET nls_date_format='MM/DD/YYYY HH24:MI:SS';
ALTER SESSION SET sort_area_size=10000000;
ALTER SESSION SET query_rewrite_enabled=TRUE;
ALTER SESSION SET resumable_timeout=3600;
ALTER SESSION SET skip_unusable_indexes=TRUE;
ALTER SESSION SET SQL_TRACE=TRUE;

alter system: Logfile and Archive Logfile Management

ALTER SYSTEM SWITCH LOGFILE;
ALTER SYSTEM ARCHIVE LOG START;
ALTER SYSTEM ARCHIVE LOG STOP;
ALTER SYSTEM ARCHIVE LOG ALL;
ALTER SYSTEM ARCHIVE LOG THREAD 1 ALL;
ALTER SYSTEM ARCHIVE LOG ALL TO 'C:\oracle\allarch';

alter system: Set System Parameters

ALTER SYSTEM SET db_cache_size=325M 
COMMENT='This change is to add more memory to the system'
SCOPE=BOTH;
ALTER SYSTEM SET COMPATIBLE=10.0.0 
COMMENT='GOING TO 10G!' SCOPE=SPFILE;

alter system: System Management

ALTER SYSTEM CHECKPOINT GLOBAL;
ALTER SYSTEM KILL SESSION '145,334';
ALTER SYSTEM ENABLE RESTRICTED SESSION;
ALTER SYSTEM DISABLE RESTRICTED SESSION;
ALTER SYSTEM SUSPEND;
ALTER SYSTEM QUIESCE RESTRICTED;
ALTER SYSTEM UNQUIESCE;
ALTER SYSTEM RESUME;
ALTER SYSTEM FLUSH SHARED_POOL;
ALTER SYSTEM FLUSH BUFFER_CACHE;

alter table: External Table Operations

ALTER TABLE ext_parts REJECT LIMIT 500;
ALTER TABLE ext_parts DEFUALT DIRECTORY ext_employee_dir;
ALTER TABLE ext_parts ACCESS PARAMETERS
(FIELDS TERMINATED BY ’,’);
ALTER TABLE ext_parts LOCATION (’PARTS01.TXT’,’PARTS02.TXT’);
ALTER TABLE ext_parts ADD COLUMN (SSN NUMBER);

alter table: Move Table

ALTER TABLE parts move TABLESPACE parts_new_tbs PCTFREE 10 PCTUSED 60;

alter table: Table Column – Add

ALTER TABLE PARTS ADD (part_location VARCHAR2(20) );
ALTER TABLE PARTS ADD (part_location VARCHAR2(20), part_bin VARCHAR2(30) );
ALTER TABLE parts ADD (photo BLOB)
LOB (photo) STORE AS lob_parts_photo 
(TABLESPACE parts_lob_tbs);

alter table: Table Column – Modify

ALTER TABLE PARTS MODIFY (part_location VARCHAR2(30) );
ALTER TABLE PARTS MODIFY 
part_location VARCHAR2(30), part_bin VARCHAR2(20) );
ALTER TABLE parts modify (name NOT NULL);
ALTER TABLE parts modify (name NULL);
ALTER TABLE parts MODIFY LOB (photo) (STORAGE(FREELISTS 2));
ALTER TABLE parts MODIFY LOB (photo) (PCTVERSION 50);

alter table: Table Column – Remove

ALTER TABLE parts DROP (part_location);
ALTER TABLE parts DROP (part_location, part_bin);

alter table: Table Column – Rename

ALTER TABLE parts RENAME COLUMN part_location TO part_loc;

alter table: Table Constraints – Add Check Constraint

ALTER TABLE parts ADD (CONSTRAINT ck_parts_01 CHECK (id > 0) );

alter table: Table Constraints – Add Default Value

ALTER TABLE PARTS MODIFY (name DEFAULT 'Not Available');
ALTER TABLE PARTS ADD (vendor_code NUMBER DEFAULT 0);
ALTER TABLE PARTS MODIFY (part_description DEFAULT NULL);

alter table: Table Constraints – Add Foreign Key

ALTER TABLE parts ADD CONSTRAINT fk_part_bin 
FOREIGN KEY (bin_code) REFERENCES part_bin;

alter table: Table Constraints – Add Primary and Unique Key

ALTER TABLE parts ADD CONSTRAINT pk_parts_part_id 
PRIMARY KEY (id) USING INDEX TABLESPACE parts_index 
STORAGE (INITIAL 100K NEXT 100K PCTINCREASE 0);
ALTER TABLE parts ADD CONSTRAINT uk_parts_part_bin
UNIQUE (part_bin)USING INDEX TABLESPACE parts_index 
STORAGE (INITIAL 100K NEXT 100K PCTINCREASE 0);

alter table: Table Constraints – Modify

ALTER TABLE parts DISABLE UNIQUE (part_bin);
ALTER TABLE parts DISABLE CONSTRAINT uk_parts_part_bin;
ALTER TABLE parts DISABLE CONSTRAINT uk_parts_part_bin KEEP INDEX;
ALTER TABLE parts DISABLE CONSTRAINT fk_part_bin;
ALTER TABLE parts DISABLE CONSTRAINT fk_part_bin
DISABLE PRIMARY KEY KEEP INDEX;
ALTER TABLE parts ENABLE CONSTRAINT fk_part_bin;
ALTER TABLE parts ENABLE PRIMARY KEY;
ALTER TABLE parts ENABLE UNIQUE (part_bin);
ALTER TABLE parts ENABLE NOVALIDATE CONSTRAINT fk_part_bin;
ALTER TABLE parts ENABLE NOVALIDATE PRIMARY KEY;
ALTER TABLE parts ENABLE NOVALIDATE UNIQUE (part_bin);
ALTER TABLE parts ENABLE NOVALIDATE PRIMARY KEY 
ENABLE NOVALIDATE CONSTRAINT fk_part_bin;

alter table: Table Constraints – Remove

ALTER TABLE parts DROP CONSTRAINT fk_part_bin;
ALTER TABLE parts DROP PRIMARY KEY;
ALTER TABLE parts DROP PRIMARY KEY CASCADE;
ALTER TABLE parts DROP UNIQUE (uk_parts_part_bin);

alter table: Table Partition – Add

ALTER TABLE store_sales ADD PARTITION sales_q1_04
VALUES LESS THAN (TO_DATE('01-APR-2004','DD-MON-YYYY'))
TABLESPACE data_0104_tbs UPDATE GLOBAL INDEXES;
ALTER TABLE daily_transactions ADD PARTITION;
ALTER TABLE daily_transactions 
ADD PARTITION Alaska VALUES ('AK');
ALTER TABLE daily_transactions 
add PARTITION SALES_2004_Q1 VALUES LESS THAN 
       (TO_DATE('01-APR-2004','DD-MON-YYYY')) SUBPARTITIONS 4;

alter table: Table Partition – Merge

ALTER TABLE store_sales 
MERGE PARTITIONS Oklahoma, texas
INTO PARTITION oktx;

alter table: Table Partition – Move

ALTER TABLE store_sales MOVE PARTITION sales_overflow TABLESPACE 
new_sales_overflow STORAGE (INITIAL 100m NEXT 100m PCTINCREASE 0)
UPDATE GLOBAL INDEXES;

alter table: Table Partition – Remove

ALTER TABLE store_sales DROP PARTITION sales_q1_04 UPDATE GLOBAL INDEXES;

alter table: Table Partition – Rename

ALTER TABLE store_sales RENAME PARTITION sales_q1 TO sales_first_quarter;

alter table: Table Partition – Split

ALTER TABLE store_sales 
SPLIT PARTITION sales_overflow AT 
(TO_DATE('01-FEB-2004','DD-MON-YYYY') )
INTO (PARTITION sales_q4_2003,
      PARTITION sales_overflow)
UPDATE GLOBAL INDEXES;
ALTER TABLE composite_sales SPLIT PARTITION sales_q1
AT (TO_DATE('15-FEB-2003','DD-MON-YYYY')) 
INTO (PARTITION sales_q1_01 SUBPARTITIONS 4
STORE IN (q1_01_tab1, q1_01_tab2, q1_01_tab3, q1_01_tab4),
PARTITION sales_q1_02 SUBPARTITIONS 4
STORE IN (q1_02_tab1, q1_02_tab2, q1_02_tab3, q1_02_tab4) )
UPDATE GLOBAL INDEXES;

alter table: Table Partition – Truncate

ALTER TABLE store_sales TRUNCATE PARTITION sales_overflow
UPDATE GLOBAL INDEXES;

alter table: Table Properties

ALTER TABLE parts PCTFREE 10 PCTUSED 60;
ALTER TABLE parts STORAGE (NEXT 1M);
ALTER TABLE parts PARALLEL 4;

alter table: Triggers – Modify Status

ALTER TABLE parts DISABLE ALL TRIGGERS;
ALTER TABLE parts ENABLE ALL TRIGGERS;

alter tablespace: Backups

ALTER TABLESPACE my_data_tbs BEGIN BACKUP;
ALTER TABLESPACE my_data_tbs END BACKUP;

alter tablespace: Data Files and Tempfiles

ALTER TABLESPACE mytbs 
ADD DATAFILE '/ora100/oracle/mydb/mydb_mytbs_01.dbf' SIZE 100M;
ALTER TABLESPACE mytemp
ADD TEMPFILE '/ora100/oracle/mydb/mydb_mytemp_01.dbf' 
SIZE 100M;
ALTER TABLESPACE mytemp AUTOEXTEND OFF;
ALTER TABLESPACE mytemp AUTOEXTEND ON NEXT 100m MAXSIZE 1G;

alter tablespace: Rename

ALTER TABLESPACE my_data_tbs RENAME TO my_newdata_tbs;

alter tablespace: Tablespace Management

ALTER TABLESPACE my_data_tbs DEFAULT 
STORAGE (INITIAL 100m NEXT 100m FREELISTS 3);
ALTER TABLESPACE my_data_tbs MINIMUM EXTENT 500k;
ALTER TABLESPACE my_data_tbs RESIZE 100m;
ALTER TABLESPACE my_data_tbs COALESCE;
ALTER TABLESPACE my_data_tbs OFFLINE;
ALTER TABLESPACE my_data_tbs ONLINE;
ALTER TABLESPACE mytbs READ ONLY;
ALTER TABLESPACE mytbs READ WRITE;
ALTER TABLESPACE mytbs FORCE LOGGING;
ALTER TABLESPACE mytbs NOLOGGING;
ALTER TABLESPACE mytbs FLASHBACK ON;
ALTER TABLESPACE mytbs FLASHBACK OFF;
ALTER TABLESPACE mytbs RETENTION GUARANTEE;
ALTER TABLESPACE mytbs RETENTION NOGUARANTEE;

alter trigger

ALTER TRIGGER tr_my_trigger DISABLE;
ALTER TRIGGER tr_my_trigger ENABLE;
ALTER TRIGGER tr_my_trigger RENAME TO tr_new_my_trigger;
ALTER TRIGGER tr_my_trigger COMPILE;

alter user: Change Password

ALTER USER olduser IDENTIFIED BY newpassword;
ALTER USER olduser IDENTIFIED EXTERNALLY;

alter user: Password and Account Management

ALTER USER olduser PASSWORD EXPIRE;
ALTER USER olduser ACCOUNT LOCK;
ALTER USER olduser ACCOUNT UNLOCK;

alter user: Profile

ALTER USER olduser PROFILE admin_profile;

alter user: Quotas

ALTER USER olduser QUOTA UNLIMITED ON users;
ALTER USER olduser QUOTA 10000M ON USERS;

alter user: Roles

ALTER USER olduser DEFAULT ROLE admin_role;
ALTER USER olduser DEFAULT ROLE NONE;
ALTER USER olduser DEFAULT ROLE ALL EXCEPT admin_role;

alter user: Tablespace Assignments

ALTER USER olduser DEFAULT TABLESPACE users;
ALTER USER olduser TEMPORARY TABLESPACE temp;

alter view: Constraints

ALTER VIEW my_view 
ADD CONSTRAINT u_my_view_01 UNIQUE (empno) 
RELY DISABLE NOVALIDATE;
ALTER VIEW my_view DROP CONSTRAINT u_my_view_01;
ALTER VIEW my_view DROP PRIMARY KEY;
ALTER VIEW my_view MODIFY CONSTRAINT u_my_view_01 NORELY;
ALTER VIEW my_view MODIFY CONSTRAINT u_my_view_01 RELY;

alter view: Recompile

ALTER VIEW my_view RECOMPILE;

analyze: Analyze Cluster

ANALYZE CLUSTER my_cluster_tab COMPUTE STATISTICS FOR ALL ROWS;
ANALYZE CLUSTER my_cluster_tab 
ESTIMATE STATISTICS SAMPLE 10000 ROWS FOR ALL ROWS;

analyze: Analyze Index

ANALYZE INDEX ix_tab_01 COMPUTE STATISTICS FOR ALL ROWS;
ANALYZE INDEX ix_tab_01
ESTIMATE STATISTICS SAMPLE 10000 ROWS FOR ALL ROWS;

analyze: Analyze Table

ANALYZE TABLE mytab COMPUTE STATISTICS 
FOR ALL INDEXED COLUMNS SIZE 100;
ANALYZE TABLE mytab COMPUTE STATISTICS 
FOR ALL INDEXES;

audit

AUDIT ALL ON scott.emp;
AUDIT UPDATE, DELETE ON scott.emp;
AUDIT SELECT on scott.emp WHENEVER NOT SUCCESSFUL;
AUDIT INSERT, UPDATE, DELETE ON DEFAULT;

comment

COMMENT ON TABLE scott.mytab IS 
'This is a comment on the mytab table';
COMMENT ON COLUMN scott.mytab.col1 IS
'This is a comment on the col1 column';
COMMENT ON MATERIALIZED VIEW scott.mview IS
'This is a comment on the materialized view mview';

create cluster

CREATE CLUSTER pub_cluster (pubnum NUMBER)
SIZE 8K PCTFREE 10 PCTUSED 60 TABLESPACE user_data;
CREATE CLUSTER pub_cluster (pubnum NUMBER)
SIZE 8K HASHKEYS 1000 PCTFREE 10 PCTUSED 60
TABLESPACE user_data;

create control file

CREATE CONTROLFILE REUSE DATABASE "mydb" 
NORESETLOGS NOARCHIVELOG
MAXLOGFILES 32   MAXLOGMEMBERS 3
MAXDATAFILES 200 MAXINSTANCES 1
MAXLOGHISTORY 1000
LOGFILE
  GROUP 1 ('/ora01/oracle/mydb/mydb_redo1a.rdo',
           '/ora02/oracle/mydb/mydb_redo1b.rdo') SIZE 500K,
  GROUP 2 ('/ora01/oracle/mydb/mydb_redo2a.rdo',  
           '/ora01/oracle/mydb/mydb_redo2b.rdo') SIZE 500K
DATAFILE
  '/ora01/oracle/mydb/mydb_system_01.dbf ',
  '/ora01/oracle/mydb/mydb_users_01.dbf ',
  '/ora01/oracle/mydb/mydb_undo_01.dbf ',
  '/ora01/oracle/mydb/mydb_sysaux_01.dbf ',
  '/ora01/oracle/mydb/mydb_alldata_01.dbf ';

create database

CREATE DATABASE prodb
MAXINSTANCES 1 MAXLOGHISTORY 1
MAXLOGFILES 5 MAXLOGMEMBERS 3
MAXDATAFILES 100
DATAFILE 'C:\oracle\ora92010\prodb\system01.dbf'
SIZE 250M REUSE AUTOEXTEND ON NEXT 10240K
MAXSIZE UNLIMITED EXTENT MANAGEMENT LOCAL DEFAULT
TEMPORARY TABLESPACE TEMP
TEMPFILE 'C:\oracle\ora92010\prodb\temp01.dbf'
SIZE 40M REUSE AUTOEXTEND ON NEXT 640K MAXSIZE UNLIMITED
SYSAUX TABLESPACE 
DATAFILE 'C:\oracle\ora92010\prodb\sysauxtbs01.dbf'
SIZE 300M REUSE AUTOEXTEND ON NEXT 5120K MAXSIZE UNLIMITED
UNDO TABLESPACE "UNDOTBS1"
DATAFILE 'C:\oracle\ora92010\prodb\undotbs01.dbf'
SIZE 200M REUSE AUTOEXTEND ON NEXT 5120K MAXSIZE UNLIMITED
CHARACTER SET WE8MSWIN1252
NATIONAL CHARACTER SET AL16UTF16
LOGFILE
GROUP 1 ('C:\oracle\ora92010\prodb\redo01.log') SIZE 102400K,
GROUP 2 ('C:\oracle\ora92010\prodb\redo02.log') SIZE 102400K,
GROUP 3 ('C:\oracle\ora92010\prodb\redo03.log') SIZE 102400K;

create database link

CREATE DATABASE LINK my_db_link 
CONNECT TO current_user
USING 'my_db';
CREATE PUBLIC DATABASE LINK my_db_link 
CONNECT TO remote_user IDENTIFIED BY psicorp
USING 'my_db';

create directory

CREATE OR REPLACE DIRECTORY mydir AS
'/opt/oracle/admin/directories/mydir';

create function

CREATE OR REPLACE FUNCTION find_value_in_table
(p_value IN NUMBER,  p_table IN VARCHAR2,
p_column IN VARCHAR2)
RETURN NUMBER IS
v_found NUMBER;
v_sql VARCHAR2(2000);
BEGIN
     v_sql:='SELECT 1 FROM '||p_table||' WHERE '||p_column||
            ' = '||p_value;
     execute immediate v_sql into v_found;
     return v_found;
END;
/

create index: Function-Based Index

CREATE INDEX fb_upper_last_name_emp ON emp_info (UPPER(last_name) );

create index: Global Partitioned Indexes

CREATE INDEX ix_part_my_tab_01 ON store_sales (invoice_number)
GLOBAL PARTITION BY RANGE (invoice_number)
(PARTITION part_001 VALUES LESS THAN (1000),
 PARTITION part_002 VALUES LESS THAN (10000),
 PARTITION part_003 VALUES LESS THAN (MAXVALUE) );
CREATE INDEX ix_part_my_tab_02 ON store_sales 
(store_id, time_id)
GLOBAL PARTITION BY RANGE (store_id, time_id)
(PARTITION PART_001 VALUES LESS THAN 
     (1000, TO_DATE('04-01-2003','MM-DD-YYYY') )
     TABLESPACE partition_001
     STORAGE (INITIAL 100M NEXT 200M PCTINCREASE 0),
 PARTITION part_002 VALUES LESS THAN 
     (1000, TO_DATE('07-01-2003','MM-DD-YYYY')  )
     TABLESPACE partition_002
     STORAGE (INITIAL 200M NEXT 400M PCTINCREASE 0),
 PARTITION part_003 VALUES LESS THAN (maxvalue, maxvalue)
     TABLESPACE partition_003 );

create index: Local Partitioned Indexes

CREATE INDEX ix_part_my_tab_01 ON my_tab 
(col_one, col_two, col_three)
LOCAL (PARTITION tbs_part_01 TABLESPACE part_tbs_01, 
PARTITION tbs_part_02 TABLESPACE part_tbs_02, 
PARTITION tbs_part_03 TABLESPACE part_tbs_03, 
PARTITION tbs_part_04 TABLESPACE part_tbs_04);
CREATE INDEX ix_part_my_tab_01 ON my_tab (col_one, col_two, col_three)
LOCAL STORE IN (part_tbs_01, part_tbs_02, part_tbs_03, part_tbs_04);
CREATE INDEX ix_part_my_tab_01 ON my_tab (col_one, col_two, col_three)
LOCAL STORE IN (
part_tbs_01 STORAGE (INITIAL 10M NEXT 10M MAXEXTENTS 200), 
part_tbs_02, 
part_tbs_03 STORAGE (INITIAL 100M NEXT 100M MAXEXTENTS 200), 
part_tbs_04 STORAGE (INITIAL 1000M NEXT 1000M MAXEXTENTS 200));

create index: Local Subpartitioned Indexes

CREATE INDEX sales_ix ON store_sales(time_id, store_id)
   STORAGE (INITIAL 1M MAXEXTENTS UNLIMITED) LOCAL
   (PARTITION q1_2003, 
    PARTITION q2_2003, 
    PARTITION q3_2003
      (SUBPARTITION pq3200301, SUBPARTITION pq3200302, 
       SUBPARTITION pq3200303, SUBPARTITION pq3200304,
       SUBPARTITION pq3200305),
    PARTITION q4_2003
      (SUBPARTITION pq4200301 TABLESPACE tbs_1, 
       SUBPARTITION pq4200302 TABLESPACE tbs_1, 
       SUBPARTITION pq4200303 TABLESPACE tbs_1,
       SUBPARTITION pq4200304 TABLESPACE tbs_1,
       SUBPARTITION pq4200305 TABLESPACE tbs_1,
       SUBPARTITION pq4200306 TABLESPACE tbs_1,
       SUBPARTITION pq4200307 TABLESPACE tbs_1,
       SUBPARTITION pq4200308 TABLESPACE tbs_1),
    PARTITION sales_overflow
      (SUBPARTITION pqoflw01 TABLESPACE tbs_2, 
       SUBPARTITION pqoflw02 TABLESPACE tbs_2,
       SUBPARTITION pqoflw03 TABLESPACE tbs_2,
       SUBPARTITION pqoflw04 TABLESPACE tbs_2));

create index: Nonpartitioned Indexes

CREATE INDEX ix_mytab_01 ON mytab(column_1);
CREATE UNIQUE INDEX ix_mytab_01 ON mytab(column_1, column_2, column_3);
CREATE INDEX ix_mytab_01 ON mytab(column_1, column_2, column_3)
TABLESPACE my_indexes COMPRESS
STORAGE (INITIAL 10K NEXT 10K PCTFREE 10) COMPUTE STATISTICS;
CREATE BITMAP INDEX bit_mytab_01 ON my_tab(col_two)
TABLESPACE my_tbs;

create materialized view

CREATE MATERIALIZED VIEW emp_dept_mv1
TABLESPACE users BUILD IMMEDIATE
REFRESH FAST ON COMMIT WITH ROWID
ENABLE QUERY REWRITE AS
SELECT d.rowid deptrowid, e.rowid emprowid,
       e.empno, e.ename, e.job, d.loc
FROM dept d, emp e 
WHERE d.deptno = e.deptno;
CREATE MATERIALIZED VIEW emp_dept_mv3
TABLESPACE users BUILD IMMEDIATE 
REFRESH FAST ON COMMIT WITH ROWID  
DISABLE QUERY REWRITE AS
SELECT d.rowid deptrowid, e.rowid emprowid, 
       d.dname, d.loc, e.ename, e.job
FROM dept d, emp e 
WHERE d.deptno (+) = e.deptno;

create materialized view: Partitioned Materialized View

CREATE MATERIALIZED VIEW part_emp_mv1
PARTITION BY RANGE (hiredate)
  (PARTITION month1 
      VALUES LESS THAN (TO_DATE('01-APR-1981', 'DD-MON-YYYY'))
      PCTFREE 0 PCTUSED 99 
      STORAGE (INITIAL 64k NEXT 16k PCTINCREASE 0) 
      TABLESPACE users,
   PARTITION month2
      VALUES LESS THAN (TO_DATE('01-DEC-1981', 'DD-MON-YYYY'))
      PCTFREE 0 PCTUSED 99
      STORAGE (INITIAL 64k NEXT 16k PCTINCREASE 0)
      TABLESPACE users,
   PARTITION month3
      VALUES LESS THAN (TO_DATE('01-APR-1988', 'DD-MON-YYYY'))
      PCTFREE 0 PCTUSED 99
      STORAGE (INITIAL 64k NEXT 16k PCTINCREASE 0)
      TABLESPACE users)
BUILD IMMEDIATE REFRESH FAST ENABLE QUERY REWRITE AS
SELECT hiredate, count(*) as hires
FROM emp
GROUP BY hiredate;

create materialized view log

CREATE MATERIALIZED VIEW LOG ON emp
TABLESPACE users
WITH PRIMARY KEY, SEQUENCE, 
(ename, job, mgr, hiredate, sal, comm, deptno) 
INCLUDING NEW VALUES;

create package/create package body

CREATE OR REPLACE PACKAGE get_Tomdate_pkg IS
   FUNCTION  GetTomdate  RETURN DATE;
   PRAGMA RESTRICT_REFERENCES (GetTomdate, WNDS);
   PROCEDURE ResetSysDate;
END get_Tomdate_pkg;
/

CREATE OR REPLACE PACKAGE BODY get_Tomdate_pkg IS
   v_Sysdate   DATE := TRUNC(SYSDATE);
   FUNCTION GetTomdate RETURN DATE IS
   BEGIN
      RETURN v_sysdate+1;
   END GetTomdate;
   PROCEDURE ResetSysdate IS
   BEGIN
      v_Sysdate := SYSDATE;
   END ResetSysdate;
END get_Tomdate_pkg;
/

create pfile

CREATE PFILE FROM SPFILE;
CREATE PFILE='/opt/oracle/admin/mydb/pfile/initmybd.ora'
FROM SPFILE='/opt/oracle/admin/mydb/pfile/spfilemybd.ora';

create procedure

CREATE OR REPLACE PROCEDURE new_emp_salary
(p_empid IN NUMBER,  p_increase IN NUMBER)
AS
BEGIN
     UPDATE emp SET salary=salary*p_increase 
     WHERE empid=p_empid;
END;
/

create profile

CREATE PROFILE development_profile 
LIMIT
SESSIONS_PER_USER 2 CONNECT_TIME 100000 IDLE_TIME 100000
LOGICAL_READS_PER_SESSION 1000000 
PRIVATE_SGA 10m
FAILED_LOGIN_ATTEMPTS 3
PASSWORD_LIFE_TIME 60
PASSWORD_REUSE_TIME 365
PASSWORD_REUSE_MAX 3
PASSWORD_LOCK_TIME 30
PASSWORD_GRACE_TIME 5;

create role

CREATE ROLE developer_role IDENTIFIED USING develop;

create rollback segment

CREATE ROLLBACK SEGMENT r01 TABLESPACE RBS
STORAGE (INITIAL 100m NEXT 100M MINEXTENTS 5 OPTIMAL 500M);

create sequence

CREATE SEQUENCE my_seq 
START WITH 1 INCREMENT BY 1 MAXVALUE 1000000 CYCLE CACHE;

create spfile

CREATE SPFILE FROM PFILE;
CREATE SPFILE='/opt/oracle/admin/mydb/pfile/spfilemybd.ora'
FROM PFILE='/opt/oracle/admin/mydb/pfile/initmybd.ora';

create synonym

CREATE SYNONYM scott_user.emp FOR scott.EMP;
CREATE PUBLIC SYNONYM emp FOR scott.EMP;

create table

CREATE TABLE my_tab 
(id NUMBER,  current_value VARCHAR2(2000) ) COMPRESS;
CREATE TABLE parts (id NUMBER, version NUMBER, name VARCHAR2(30),
Bin_code NUMBER, upc NUMBER, active_code VARCHAR2(1) NOT NULL
     CONSTRAINT ck_parts_active_code_01 
     CHECK (UPPER(active_code)= 'Y' or UPPER(active_code)='N'),
     CONSTRAINT pk_parts PRIMARY KEY (id, version)
     USING INDEX TABLESPACE parts_index
     STORAGE (INITIAL 1m NEXT 1m) )
TABLESPACE parts_tablespace
PCTFREE 20 PCTUSED 60 STORAGE ( INITIAL 10m NEXT 10m PCTINCREASE 0);

create tablespace: Permanent Tablespace

CREATE TABLESPACE data_tbs
DATAFILE '/opt/oracle/mydbs/data/mydbs_data_tbs_01.dbf' 
SIZE 100m;
CREATE TABLESPACE data_tbs
DATAFILE '/opt/oracle/mydbs/data/mydbs_data_tbs_01.dbf' 
SIZE 100m FORCE LOGGING BLOCKSIZE 8k;
CREATE TABLESPACE data_tbs
DATAFILE '/opt/oracle/mydbs/data/mydbs_data_tbs_01.dbf' 
SIZE 100m NOLOGGING
DEFAULT COMPRESS EXTENT MANAGEMENT LOCAL UNIFORM SIZE 1M;
CREATE TABLESPACE data_tbs
DATAFILE '/opt/oracle/mydbs/data/mydbs_data_tbs_01.dbf' 
SIZE 100m NOLOGGING
DEFAULT COMPRESS EXTENT MANAGEMENT LOCAL AUTOALLOCATE 
SEGMENT SPACE MANAGEMENT AUTO;
CREATE BIGFILE TABLESPACE data_tbs
DATAFILE '/opt/oracle/mydbs/data/mydbs_data_tbs_01.dbf' 
SIZE 10G;

create tablespace: Temporary Tablespace

CREATE TABLESPACE temp_tbs
TEMPFILE '/opt/oracle/mydbs/data/mydbs_temp_tbs_01.tmp' 
SIZE 100m;

create tablespace: Undo Tablespace

CREATE TABLESPACE undo_tbs
TEMPFILE '/opt/oracle/mydbs/data/mydbs_undo_tbs_01.tmp' 
SIZE 1g RETENTION GUARANTEE;

create trigger

CREATE OR REPLACE TRIGGER emp_comm_after_insert
BEFORE INSERT ON emp FOR EACH ROW
DECLARE
    v_sal  number;
    v_comm number;
BEGIN
    -- Find username of person performing the INSERT into the table
    v_sal:=:new.salary;
    :new.comm:=v_sal*.10;
END;
/

create user

CREATE USER Robert IDENTIFIED BY Freeman
DEFAULT TABLESPACE users_tbs
TEMPORARY TABLESPACE temp
QUOTA 100M ON users_tbs
QUOTA UNLIMITED ON data_tbs;

create view

CREATE OR REPLACE VIEW vw_emp_dept_10 AS
SELECT * FROM EMP WHERE dept=10;
CREATE OR REPLACE VIEW vw_public_email AS
SELECT ename_first, ename_last, email_address 
FROM EMP WHERE public='Y'

delete

DELETE FROM emp WHERE empid=100;
DELETE FROM emp e WHERE e.rowid > 
(SELECT MIN (esub.ROWID) FROM emp esub
WHERE e.empid=esub.empid);

drop cluster

DROP CLUSTER scott.emp_cluster 
INCLUDING TABLES CASCADE CONSTRAINTS;

drop database

DROP DATABASE;

drop database link

DROP DATABASE LINK my_db_link;
DROP PUBLIC DATABASE LINK my_db_link;

drop directory

DROP DIRECTORY mydir;

drop function

DROP FUNCTION find_value_in_table;

drop index

DROP INDEX ix_my_tab;

drop materialized view

DROP MATERIALIZED VIEW my_mview;
DROP MATERIALIZED VIEW my_mview PRESERVE TABLE;

drop materialized view log

DROP MATERIALIZED VIEW LOG ON mytab;

drop package/drop package body

DROP PACKAGE scott.my_package
DROP PACKAGE BODY scott.my_package;

drop procedure

DROP PROCEDURE my_proc;

drop profile

DROP PROFILE my_profile CASCADE;

drop role

DROP ROLE my_role;

drop rollback segment

DROP ROLLBACK SEGMENT rbs01;

drop sequence

DROP SEQUENCE my_seq;

drop synonym

DROP SYNONYM my_synonym;
DROP PUBLIC SYNONYM my_synonym;

drop table

DROP TABLE my_tab;
DROP TABLE my_tab CASCADE CONSTRAINTS;
DROP TABLE my_tab CASCADE CONSTRAINTS PURGE;

drop tablespace

DROP TABLESPACE my_tbs;
DROP TABLESPACE my_tbs INCLUDING CONTENTS;
DROP TABLESPACE my_tbs INCLUDING CONTENTS 
AND DATAFILES CASCADE CONSTRAINTS;

drop trigger

DROP TRIGGER my_trigger;

drop user

DROP USER my_user CASCADE;

drop view

DROP VIEW my_view CASCADE CONSTRAINTS;

explain plan

EXPLAIN PLAN SET STATEMENT_ID='TEST' FOR
SELECT * FROM emp WHERE EMPID=100;

flashback database

FLASHBACK DATABASE TO SCN 10000;
FLASHBACK DATABASE TO TIMESTAMP SYSDATE – 1/24;
FLASHBACK DATABASE TO BEFORE TIMESTAMP SYSDATE – 1/24;

flashback table

FLASHBACK TABLE my_tab TO SCN 10000;
FLASHBACK TABLE my_tab TO TIMESTAMP SYSDATE – 1/24 
ENABLE TRIGGERS;
FLASHBACK TABLE my_tab TO BEFORE DROP;
FLASHBACK TABLE my_tab TO BEFORE DROP RENAME TO rec_tab;

grants: Object Grants

GRANT SELECT ON scott.my_tab TO my_user;
GRANT INSERT, UPDATE, SELECT ON scott.my_tab TO my_user;
GRANT SELECT ON scott.my_tab TO my_user WITH GRANT OPTION;
GRANT SELECT ON scott.my_tab TO PUBLIC WITH GRANT OPTION;

grants: System Grants

GRANT CREATE TABLE to my_user;
GRANT CREATE ANY TABLE to my_user WITH ADMIN OPTION;
GRANT ALL PRIVILEGES to my_user WITH ADMIN OPTION;

insert

INSERT INTO dept VALUES (100, 'Marketing', 'Y');
INSERT INTO dept (deptid, dept_name, active) 
VALUES (100, 'Marketing', 'Y');
INSERT INTO emp_history SELECT * FROM emp a 
WHERE a.empid NOT IN (SELECT empid FROM emp_history);
INSERT INTO emp_pay_summary 
SELECT empid, sum(gross_pay) FROM emp_pay_history
GROUP BY empid;
INSERT ALL 
INTO store_sales (store_id, sales_date, deptid, sales_amt)
VALUES (store_id, start_date, deptid, mon_sales)
INTO store_sales (store_id, sales_date, deptid, sales_amt)
VALUES (store_id, start_date+1, deptid, tue_sales)
INTO store_sales (store_id, sales_date, deptid, sales_amt)
VALUES (store_id, start_date+2, deptid, wed_sales)
INTO store_sales (store_id, sales_date, deptid, sales_amt)
VALUES (store_id, start_date+3, deptid, thur_sales)
INTO store_sales (store_id, sales_date, deptid, sales_amt)
VALUES (store_id, start_date+4, deptid, fri_sales)
INTO store_sales (store_id, sales_date, deptid, sales_amt)
VALUES (store_id, start_date+5, deptid, sat_sales)
INTO store_sales (store_id, sales_date, deptid, sales_amt)
VALUES (store_id, start_date+6, deptid, sun_sales)
SELECT store_id, start_date, deptid, mon_sales, tue_sales,
wed_sales, thur_sales, fri_sales, sat_sales, sun_sales
FROM store_sales_load;
INSERT ALL
WHEN store_id < 100 THEN INTO east_stores
WHEN store_id >= 100 THEN INTO west_stores
ELSE INTO misc_stores
SELECT * FROM store_sales_load;
INSERT /*+ APPEND */ INTO emp VALUES (100, 
'Jacob','Freeman',1000,20, null, 10, sysdate, 100, 
sysdate+365);

lock table

LOCK TABLE my_table IN EXCLUSIVE MODE NOWAIT;
LOCK TABLE my_table IN ROW EXCLUSIVE MODE;

merge

MERGE INTO emp_retire A
USING (SELECT empno, ename_last, ename_first, salary 
FROM emp WHERE retire_cd='Y') B
ON (a.empid=b.empid)
WHEN MATCHED THEN UPDATE SET 
a.ename_last=b.ename_last, 
a.ename_first=b.ename_first, 
a.salary=b.salary
DELETE WHERE (b.retire_cd='D')
WHEN NOT MATCHED THEN INSERT 
(a.empid, a.ename_last, a.ename_first, a.salary) 
VALUES (b.empid, b.ename_last, b.ename_first, b.salary)
WHERE (b.retire_cd!='D');

noaudit

NOAUDIT ALL ON scott.emp;
NOAUDIT UPDATE, DELETE ON scott.emp;
NOAUDIT SELECT on scott.emp WHENEVER NOT SUCCESSFUL;
NOAUDIT INSERT, UPDATE, DELETE ON DEFAULT;

purge

PURGE TABLE my_tab;
PURGE INDEX ix_my_tab;
PURGE RECYCLEBIN;
PURGE DBA_RECYCLEBIN;
PURGE TABLESPACE data_tbs USER scott;

recover

RECOVER DATABASE;
RECOVER TABLESPACE user_data, user_index;
RECOVER DATAFILE
'/opt/oracle/admin/mydb/datafile/mydb_users_01.dbf';
RECOVER DATABASE UNTIL CANCEL USING BACKUP CONTROLFILE;
RECOVER DATABASE UNTIL CHANGE 94044;
RECOVER DATABASE UNTIL TIME '2004-08-01:22:00:04';

rename

RENAME my_table to my_tab;

revoke: Object Grants

REVOKE SELECT ON scott.my_tab FROM my_user;
REVOKE INSERT, UPDATE, SELECT ON scott.my_tab FROM my_user;
REVOKE SELECT ON scott.my_tab FROM my_user;
REVOKE SELECT ON scott.my_tab FROM PUBLIC;

revoke: System Grants

REVOKE CREATE TABLE FROM my_user;
REVOKE CREATE ANY TABLE FROM my_user;
REVOKE ALL PRIVILEGES FROM my_user;

rollback

ROLLBACK;

savepoint

SAVEPOINT alpha;

select

SELECT ename_last, dname
FROM emp a, dept b
WHERE a.deptid=b.deptid;
SELECT a.empid, b.dept_name
FROM emp a, dept b
WHERE a.deptid=b.deptid (+);
SELECT a.empid, b.dept_name
FROM emp a LEFT OUTER JOIN dept b
ON a.deptid=b.deptid;
SELECT * FROM dept WHERE EXISTS
(SELECT * FROM emp
 WHERE emp.deptid=dept.deptid
 AND emp.salary > 100);
SELECT ename_first, ename_last, 
CASE deptid 
WHEN 10 THEN 'Acounting' WHEN 20 THEN 'Sales' 
ELSE 'None' END FROM emp;
SELECT empid, ename_last, salary, comm
FROM emp a
WHERE salary*.10 >  (SELECT AVG(comm) FROM emp z
WHERE a.deptid=z.deptid);
WITH avg_dept_sales AS (
SELECT a.deptid, avg(b.sales_amt) avg_sales
FROM emp a, dept_sales b
WHERE a.deptid=b.deptid
GROUP BY a.deptid),
emp_salaries AS 
(SELECT empid, AVG(salary) avg_salary FROM emp
GROUP BY empid) 
SELECT * FROM emp_salaries b WHERE avg_salary*.05 > 
(SELECT avg_sales FROM avg_dept_sales);
SELECT /*+ INDEX (a, emp_last_name_ix) */ empid
FROM emp a WHERE ename_last='Freeman'
SELECT empid, TO_CHAR(retire_date, 'MM/DD/YYYY')
FROM emp
WHERE retire_date IS NOT NULL
ORDER BY retire_date
SELECT empid, COUNT(*)
FROM emp
GROUP BY empid
HAVING COUNT(*) > 1;
SELECT empid, salary FROM emp
AS OF TIMESTAMP(SYSTIMESTAMP - INTERVAL '1' DAY)
WHERE empid=20;
SELECT empid, salary FROM emp
VERSIONS BETWEEN 
TIMESTAMP SYSTIMESTAMP - INTERVAL '1' DAY AND
SYSTIMESTAMP - INTERVAL '1' HOUR
WHERE empid=20;

set constraints

SET CONSTRAINTS ALL IMMEDIATE;
SET CONSTRAINTS ALL DEFERRED;
SET CONSTRAINT fk_my_tab DEFERRED;

set transaction

SET TRANSACTION USE ROLLBACK SEGMENT rbs01;
SET TRANSACTION READ ONLY;
SET TRANSACTION ISOLATION LEVEL SERIALIZABLE;

truncate

TRUNCATE TABLE my_tab;
TRUNCATE TABLE my_tab PRESERVE MATERIALIZED VIEW LOG;
TRUNCATE TABLE my_tab REUSE STORAGE;
TRUNCATE TABLE my_tab DROP STORAGE;

update

UPDATE emp SET salary=100 WHERE empid=100;
UPDATE emp SET salary=NULL, retire_date=SYSDATE 
WHERE empid=100;
UPDATE emp SET salary=salary*1.10
WHERE deptid IN
(SELECT deptid FROM dept WHERE dept_name = 'Sales');
UPDATE emp a SET (salary, comm)=
(SELECT salary*1.10, comm*1.10 
FROM emp b WHERE a.empid=b.empid);
INSERT INTO store_sales 
PARTITION (store_sales_jan_2004) sa
SET sa.sales_amt=1.10 where store_id=100;