Linux编译MySQL
操作系统：CentOS release 5.4 (Final)
数据库：MySQL-5.5.20-1.linux2.6.x86_64.tar
系统环境：
gcc gcc-c++ autoconf automake zlib* libxml* ncurses-devel libmcrypt* libtool*(libtool-ltdl-devel*)
# yum –y install gcc gcc-c++ autoconf automake zlib* libxml* ncurses-devel libmcrypt* libtool*
建立MySQL安装目录及数据存放目录
[root@cncloud download]# mkdir /usr/local/mysql
[root@cncloud download]# mkdir /var/mysqldata
查看系统中现有的用户和用户组是否包含了mysql
[root@cncloud ~]# grep -in mysql /etc/passwd /etc/group
/etc/passwd:36:mysql:x:500:503::/data/mysqldata:/sbin/nologin
/etc/group:49:mysql:x:503:
如果没有找到，创建用户和用户组
groudadd mysql
useradd -g mysql mysql
赋予数据存放目录权限
chown mysql.mysql -R /var/mysqldata
安装cmake，MySQL 5.5以后是通过cmake来编译的
下载地址：http://www.cmake.org/files/v2.8/cmake-2.8.7.tar.gz
wget http://www.cmake.org/files/v2.8/cmake-2.8.7.tar.gz
./configure
gmake && make install
安装MySQL-5.5.20-1.linux2.6.x86_64.tar
wget http://mirrors.sohu.com/mysql/MySQL-5.5/mysql-5.5.20.tar.gz
tar zxvf mysql-5.5.20.tar.gz
cd mysql-5.5.20
cmake -DCMAKE_INSTALL_PREFIX=/usr/local/mysql \
-DMYSQL_UNIX_ADDR=/var/mysqldata/mysql.sock \
-DDEFAULT_CHARSET=utf8 \
-DDEFAULT_COLLATION=utf8_general_ci \
-DWITH_EXTRA_CHARSETS:STRING=utf8,gbk \
-DWITH_MYISAM_STORAGE_ENGINE=1 \
-DWITH_INNOBASE_STORAGE_ENGINE=1 \
-DWITH_MEMORY_STORAGE_ENGINE=1 \
-DWITH_READLINE=1 \
-DENABLED_LOCAL_INFILE=1 \
-DMYSQL_DATADIR=/var/mysqldata \
-DMYSQL_USER=mysql \
-DMYSQL_TCP_PORT=3306
gmake
make install
安装成功后，进入安装目录：
cd /usr/local/mysql
复制配置文件：
[root@cncloud mysql]# cp support-files/my-medium.cnf /etc/my.cnf
初始化数据库
[root@cncloud mysql]# chmod 755 scripts/mysql_install_db
[root@cncloud mysql]# ./scripts/mysql_install_db --user=mysql --basedir=/usr/local/mysql/ --datadir=/var/mysqldata/
Installing MySQL system tables...
OK
Filling help tables...
OK
To start mysqld at boot time you have to copy
support-files/mysql.server to the right place for your system
PLEASE REMEMBER TO SET A PASSWORD FOR THE MySQL root USER !
To do so, start the server, then issue the following commands:
/usr/local/mysql//bin/mysqladmin -u root password 'new-password'
/usr/local/mysql//bin/mysqladmin -u root -h cncloud.com.cn password 'new-passwor d'
Alternatively you can run:
/usr/local/mysql//bin/mysql_secure_installation
which will also give you the option of removing the test
databases and anonymous user created by default. This is
strongly recommended for production servers.
See the manual for more instructions.
You can start the MySQL daemon with:
cd /usr/local/mysql/ ; /usr/local/mysql//bin/mysqld_safe &
You can test the MySQL daemon with mysql-test-run.pl
cd /usr/local/mysql//mysql-test ; perl mysql-test-run.pl
Please report any problems with the /usr/local/mysql//scripts/mysqlbug script!
设置mysql开机启动：
[root@cncloud mysql]# cp support-files/mysql.server /etc/init.d/mysql
[root@cncloud mysql]# chmod 755 /etc/init.d/mysql
[root@cncloud mysql]# chkconfig mysql on
启动mysql服务：
[root@cncloud mysql]# /etc/init.d/mysql start
Starting MySQL....
查看命令是否启动：
[root@cncloud mysql]# ps -ef | grep mysql
root 5234 1 0 13:52 pts/8 00:00:00 /bin/sh /usr/local/mysql/bin/mysqld_safe --datadir=/var/mysqldata --pid-file=/var/mysqldata/cncloud.com.cn.pid
mysql 5500 5234 0 13:53 pts/8 00:00:00 /usr/local/mysql/bin/mysqld --basedir=/usr/local/mysql --datadir=/var/mysqldata --plugin-dir=/usr/local/mysql/lib/plugin --user=mysql --log-error=/var/mysqldata/cncloud.com.cn.err --pid-file=/var/mysqldata/cncloud.com.cn.pid --socket=/var/mysqldata/mysql.sock --port=3306
root 6114 11649 0 13:54 pts/8 00:00:00 grep mysql
设置MySQL编码：（自己编译的加入以下红色字体配置会启动报错，可能是字符集冲突，使用默认的配置文件就可以了）
vim /etc/my.cnf
[client]
#password = your_password
port = 3306
socket = /var/mysqldata/mysql.sock
default-character-set=utf8
# Here follows entries for some specific programs
# The MySQL server
[mysqld]
port = 3306
socket = /var/mysqldata/mysql.sock
skip-external-locking
key_buffer_size = 16M
max_allowed_packet = 1M
table_open_cache = 64
sort_buffer_size = 512K
net_buffer_length = 8K
read_buffer_size = 256K
read_rnd_buffer_size = 512K
myisam_sort_buffer_size = 8M
default-character-set=utf8
init-connect='SET NAMES utf8'
设置密码：
mysqladmin -u root password '123456'
mysql -uroot -p123456