linux学习工作记录----配置基于ip的虚拟主机

查看自己的ip信息：

[root@slave5 conf]# ifconfig
eth0      Link encap:Ethernet  HWaddr E0:CB:4E:D0:EC:B2  
          inet addr:192.168.30.149  Bcast:192.168.30.255  Mask:255.255.255.0
          inet6 addr: fe80::e2cb:4eff:fed0:ecb2/64 Scope:Link
          UP BROADCAST RUNNING MULTICAST  MTU:1500  Metric:1
          RX packets:48458926 errors:0 dropped:0 overruns:0 frame:0
          TX packets:40842760 errors:0 dropped:0 overruns:0 carrier:0
          collisions:0 txqueuelen:1000 
          RX bytes:1562626110 (1.4 GiB)  TX bytes:330009772 (314.7 MiB)
          Interrupt:233 Base address:0xe000 

lo        Link encap:Local Loopback  
          inet addr:127.0.0.1  Mask:255.0.0.0
          inet6 addr: ::1/128 Scope:Host
          UP LOOPBACK RUNNING  MTU:16436  Metric:1
          RX packets:25711326 errors:0 dropped:0 overruns:0 frame:0
          TX packets:25711326 errors:0 dropped:0 overruns:0 carrier:0
          collisions:0 txqueuelen:0 
          RX bytes:2575592225 (2.3 GiB)  TX bytes:2575592225 (2.3 GiB)

eth0和本地回环设备lo，127.0.0.1，通常被称为本地回环地址(Loop back address)，不属于任何一个有类别地址类。它代表设备的本地虚拟接口，所以默认被看作是永远不会宕掉的接口。在windows操作系统中也有相似的定义，所以通常在不安装网卡前就可以ping通这个本地回环地址。一般都会用来检查本地网络协议、基本数据接口等是否正常的。

在基础上增加一个ip别名

[root@slave5 conf]# ifconfig eth0:1 192.168.30.121 broadcast 192.168.30.255 netmask 255.255.255.0 up
[root@slave5 conf]# route add -host 192.168.30.121 dev eth0:1

查看ifconfig

[root@slave5 conf]# ifconfig
eth0      Link encap:Ethernet  HWaddr E0:CB:4E:D0:EC:B2  
          inet addr:192.168.30.149  Bcast:192.168.30.255  Mask:255.255.255.0
          inet6 addr: fe80::e2cb:4eff:fed0:ecb2/64 Scope:Link
          UP BROADCAST RUNNING MULTICAST  MTU:1500  Metric:1
          RX packets:48460536 errors:0 dropped:0 overruns:0 frame:0
          TX packets:40843834 errors:0 dropped:0 overruns:0 carrier:0
          collisions:0 txqueuelen:1000 
          RX bytes:1562794737 (1.4 GiB)  TX bytes:330131620 (314.8 MiB)
          Interrupt:233 Base address:0xe000 

eth0:1    Link encap:Ethernet  HWaddr E0:CB:4E:D0:EC:B2  
          inet addr:192.168.30.121  Bcast:192.168.30.255  Mask:255.255.255.0
          UP BROADCAST RUNNING MULTICAST  MTU:1500  Metric:1
          Interrupt:233 Base address:0xe000 

lo        Link encap:Local Loopback  
          inet addr:127.0.0.1  Mask:255.0.0.0
          inet6 addr: ::1/128 Scope:Host
          UP LOOPBACK RUNNING  MTU:16436  Metric:1
          RX packets:25711330 errors:0 dropped:0 overruns:0 frame:0
          TX packets:25711330 errors:0 dropped:0 overruns:0 carrier:0
          collisions:0 txqueuelen:0 
          RX bytes:2575592673 (2.3 GiB)  TX bytes:2575592673 (2.3 GiB)

用另外一台主机，如果能平通说明成功。

[root@slave5 ~]# ping 192.168.30.123
PING 192.168.30.123 (192.168.30.123) 56(84) bytes of data.
64 bytes from 192.168.30.123: icmp_seq=1 ttl=64 time=0.018 ms
64 bytes from 192.168.30.123: icmp_seq=2 ttl=64 time=0.011 ms
64 bytes from 192.168.30.123: icmp_seq=3 ttl=64 time=0.009 ms
64 bytes from 192.168.30.123: icmp_seq=4 ttl=64 time=0.008 ms

要注意的是，上述配置信息重启后会消失，如何配置不消失信息。如下

将ifconfig和rout命令添加到/etc/rc.local文件中

vi /etc/rc.local

在文件末尾叫上如下内容：

[root@slave5 conf]# ifconfig eth0:1 192.168.30.121 broadcast 192.168.30.255 netmask 255.255.255.0 up

[root@slave5 conf]# route add -host 192.168.30.121 dev eth0:1