在一般的java项目中,如果在linux中实现进程在后台执行比较简单,可以采用nohup cmd 或者sh cmd &等多种方式实现,进行在后台执行。但是在window操作系统中就比较困难了,需要实现相关的类。如在tomcat,jboss的启动之后,端口一直开放着。
常用实现方式实现Commons-Daemon中的Daemon接口实现相关的方式,使用相关的bat,命令启动。在Commons-Deamon调用jsvc实现。
在activemq.bat中相关bat命令如下:
"%_JAVACMD%" %SUNJMX% %ACTIVEMQ_DEBUG_OPTS% %ACTIVEMQ_OPTS% %SSL_OPTS% -Dactivemq.classpath="%ACTIVEMQ_CLASSPATH%" -Dactivemq.home="%ACTIVEMQ_HOME%" -Dactivemq.base="%ACTIVEMQ_BASE%" -jar "%ACTIVEMQ_HOME%/bin/run.jar" start %*
备注:在run.jar包中Main方法调用 ActiveMQLauncher 实现相关的功能。
Starting jsvc
To check the allowed parameters for the jsvc binary simply do:
./jsvc -help
Usage: jsvc [-options] class [args...]
Where options include:
-help | --help | -?
show this help page (implies -nodetach)
-jvm <JVM name>
use a specific Java Virtual Machine. Available JVMs:
'client' 'server'
-cp / -classpath <directories and zip/jar files>
set search path for service classes and resouces
-home <directory>
set the path of your JDK or JRE installation (or set
the JAVA_HOME environment variable)
-version
show the current Java environment version (to check
correctness of -home and -jvm. Implies -nodetach)
-showversion
show the current Java environment version (to check
correctness of -home and -jvm) and continue execution.
-nodetach
don't detach from parent process and become a daemon
-debug
verbosely print debugging information
-check
only check service (implies -nodetach)
-user <user>
user used to run the daemon (defaults to current user)
-verbose[:class|gc|jni]
enable verbose output
-outfile </full/path/to/file>
Location for output from stdout (defaults to /dev/null)
Use the value '&2' to simulate '1>&2'
-errfile </full/path/to/file>
Location for output from stderr (defaults to /dev/null)
Use the value '&1' to simulate '2>&1'
-pidfile </full/path/to/file>
Location for output from the file containing the pid of jsvc
(defaults to /var/run/jsvc.pid)
-D<name>=<value>
set a Java system property
-X<option>
set Virtual Machine specific option
-ea[:<packagename>...|:<classname>]
-enableassertions[:<packagename>...|:<classname>]
enable assertions
-da[:<packagename>...|:<classname>]
-disableassertions[:<packagename>...|:<classname>]
disable assertions
-esa | -enablesystemassertions
enable system assertions
-dsa | -disablesystemassertions
disable system assertions
-agentlib:<libname>[=<options>]
load native agent library <libname>, e.g. -agentlib:hprof
-agentpath:<pathname>[=<options>]
load native agent library by full pathname
-javaagent:<jarpath>[=<options>]
load Java programming language agent, see java.lang.instrument
-procname <procname>
use the specified process name (works only for Linux)
-wait <waittime>
wait waittime seconds for the service to start
waittime should multiple of 10 (min=10)
-stop
stop the service using the file given in the -pidfile option
-keepstdin
does not redirect stdin to /dev/null
实际上仅支持类UNIX平台。源代码在A src/native/unix subdirectory子目录。在将来将利用APR来提供更方便的平台支持。
从源代码构建
在UNIX系统下构建你需要:
● GNU AutoConf (最低版本 2.53)
● 一个ANSI-C兼容的编译器 (推荐GCC)
● GNU Make
● JAVA2平台兼容的SDK
你需要构建 "configure" 程序:
sh support/buildconf.sh
结果类似如下:
support/buildconf.sh
support/buildconf.sh: configure script generated successfully
一旦生成了configure脚本,可进行后续步骤。
从一个发布版中构建
在UNIX系统下构建你需要:
● 一个ANSI-C兼容的编译器 (推荐GCC)
● GNU Make
● JAVA2平台兼容的SDK
你必须指定JAVA_HOME或者使用 --with-java=<dir> 参数指定JDK,再或使用JAVA_HOME环境变量指定JDK安装位置。例如:
./configure --with-java=/usr/java
或者
export JAVA_HOME
./configure
如果你的操作系统支持,configure会顺利运行,否则会报错。构建二进制程序和库:
make
这个生成可执行文件jsvc。
启动 jsvc
查看可用的jsvc参数仅需:
./jsvc -help
Usage: jsvc [-options] class [args...]
Where options include:
-jvm <JVM name>
use a specific Java Virtual Machine. Available JVMs: 'client' 'server'
-cp / -classpath <directories and zip/jar files>
set search path for service classes and resouces
-home <directory>
设置JDK或者JRE的安装路径 (或者设置 JAVA_HOME 环境变量)
-version
show the current Java environment version (to check correctness of -home and -jvm. Implies -nodetach)
-help / -?
显示帮助信息 (implies -nodetach)
-nodetach
don't detach from parent process and become a daemon
-debug
详细输出调试信息
-check
only check service (implies -nodetach)
-user <user>
运行守护程序的用户(默认是当前用户)
-verbose[:class|gc|jni]
启用详细输出
-outfile </full/path/to/file>
Location for output from stdout (defaults to /dev/null) Use the value '&2' to simulate '1>&2'
-errfile </full/path/to/file>
Location for output from stderr (defaults to /dev/null) Use the value '&1' to simulate '2>&1'
-pidfile </full/path/to/file>
jsvc的pid文件位置(默认 /var/run/jsvc.pid)
-D<name>=<value>
设置java系统的属性
-X<option>
设置虚拟机参数
-wait <waittime>
服务启动的等待时间,是10的倍数 (最小10)
-stop
使用-pidfile参数指定的文件停止服务
使用 jsvc
有两种方式来使用jsvc:一种是实现了Daemon接口的类或者调用一个类包含需要的方法。例如,Tomcat-4.1.x使用了Daemon接口,Tomcat-5.0.x提供了一个包含可被jsvc直接调用的方法的类。
使用 Daemon 接口
● 写一个实现Daemon接口的类 (MyClass).
● 打包在jar文件中 (my.jar).
● 如下调用jsvc:
./jsvc -cp commons-daemon.jar:my.jar MyClass
直接调用
你可以写一个实现如下方法的类:
● void load(String[] arguments): 此处打开配置文件、创建跟踪文件、创建ServerSocket和线程
● void start(): 启动线程,接收连接
● void stop(): 通知线程激活run(), 关闭ServerSockets
● void destroy(): 销毁在init()中创建的对象
打包在jar文件中:
./jsvc -cp commons-daemon.jar:my.jar MyClass
jsvc如何工作
Jsvc使用3个进程: 启动进程、主控进程、被控进程。被控进程也就是主要的java线程,如果JVM崩溃,主控进程会在以后几分钟启动它。jsvc是一个守护进程,它可以以root帐号启动,-user参数允许降权到一个非特权帐号。当使用了 -wait 参数,启动进程会等待直到控制进程准备好了,否则生成控制进程即返回。
Forks in commons-daemon
启动进程:
main()
{
fork()
parent: wait_child(), wait until JAVA service started when the child says "I am ready".
child: controller process.
}
主控进程:
while (fork()) {
parent: wait_for_child.
if exited and restart needed continue
else exit.
child: exit(child()). controlled process.
}
被控进程:
In child(): controlled process.
init_JVM().
load_service().
start_service().
say "I am ready"
wait for signal or pool for stop
stop_service().
destroy_service().
destroy_JVM().
exit (with different codes so that parent knows if it has to restart us).
注意: 主控进程使用信号停止被控进程。
降级用户
在linux上使用兼容的setuid()/setgid()。在其他的unix上使用 setgid/initgroups 。如下:
/* as root */
init_JVM().
load_service. /* java_load() calls the load method */
downgrade user (set_caps() or set_user_group())
/* as the user $USER (from -user $USER parameter) */
umask()
start_service. /* java_start() calls the start method */
如在ActiveMQ中启动类如下:
package org.apache.activemq.console;
import java.util.ArrayList;
import java.util.Arrays;
import java.util.List;
import org.apache.activemq.console.command.Command;
import org.apache.activemq.console.command.ShutdownCommand;
import org.apache.activemq.console.command.StartCommand;
import org.apache.activemq.console.CommandContext;
import org.apache.activemq.console.Main;
import org.apache.activemq.console.formatter.CommandShellOutputFormatter;
import org.apache.commons.daemon.Daemon;
import org.apache.commons.daemon.DaemonContext;
/**
* This class launches activemq under Apache JSVC {@link http://commons.apache.org/daemon/jsvc.html}
*
* @author areese
*
*/
public class ActiveMQLauncher implements Daemon {
private List<String> args;
/**
*
*/
public ActiveMQLauncher() {
}
/*
* (non-Javadoc)
*
* @see org.apache.commons.daemon.Daemon#destroy()
*/
public void destroy() {
}
/*
* (non-Javadoc)
*
* @see
* org.apache.commons.daemon.Daemon#init(org.apache.commons.daemon.DaemonContext
* )
*/
public void init(DaemonContext arg0) throws Exception {
// we need to save the args we started with.
args = Arrays.asList(arg0.getArguments());
}
/*
* (non-Javadoc)
*
* @see org.apache.commons.daemon.Daemon#start()
*/
public void start() throws Exception {
CommandContext context = new CommandContext();
context.setFormatter(new CommandShellOutputFormatter(System.out));
Command command = new StartCommand();
command.setCommandContext(context);
command.execute(args);
}
/*
* (non-Javadoc)
*
* @see org.apache.commons.daemon.Daemon#stop()
*/
public void stop() throws Exception {
CommandContext context = new CommandContext();
context.setFormatter(new CommandShellOutputFormatter(System.out));
Command command = new ShutdownCommand();
command.setCommandContext(context);
List<String> tokens = new ArrayList<String>(Arrays.asList(new String[] {
"--jmxlocal", "--all", }));
command.execute(tokens);
}
}
Daemon that implements the following methods:
void destroy()
: Destroy any object created in init()