Two elements of a binary search tree (BST) are swapped by mistake.
Recover the tree without changing its structure.
Note:
A solution using O(n) space is pretty straight forward. Could you devise a constant space solution?
confused what "{1,#,2,3}"
means? > read more on how binary tree is serialized on OJ.
这道题要求我们复原一个二叉搜索树,说是其中有两个的顺序被调换了,题目要求上说O(n)的解法很直观,这种解法需要用到递归,用中序遍历树,并将所有节点存到一个一维向量中,把所有节点值存到另一个一维向量中,然后对存节点值的一维向量排序,在将排好的数组按顺序赋给节点。这种最一般的解法可针对任意个数目的节点错乱的情况,这里先贴上此种解法:
// O(n) space complexity class Solution { public: void recoverTree(TreeNode *root) { vector<TreeNode*> list; vector<int> vals; inorder(root, list, vals); sort(vals.begin(), vals.end()); for (int i = 0; i < list.size(); ++i) { list[i]->val = vals[i]; } } void inorder(TreeNode *root, vector<TreeNode*> &list, vector<int> &vals) { if (!root) return; inorder(root->left, list, vals); list.push_back(root); vals.push_back(root->val); inorder(root->right, list, vals); } };
然后我上网搜了许多其他解法,看到另一种是用双指针来代替一维向量的,但是这种方法用到了递归,也不是O(1)空间复杂度的解法,这里需要三个指针,first,second分别表示第一个和第二个错乱位置的节点,pre指向当前节点的中序遍历的前一个节点。这里用传统的中序遍历递归来做,不过再应该输出节点值的地方,换成了判断pre和当前节点值的大小,如果pre的大,若first为空,则将first指向pre指的节点,把second指向当前节点。这样中序遍历完整个树,若first和second都存在,则交换它们的节点值即可。这个算法的空间复杂度仍为O(n),n为树的高度,代码如下:
// Still O(n) space complexity class Solution { public: TreeNode *pre; TreeNode *first; TreeNode *second; void recoverTree(TreeNode *root) { pre = NULL; first = NULL; second = NULL; inorder(root); if (first && second) swap(first->val, second->val); } void inorder(TreeNode *root) { if (!root) return; inorder(root->left); if (!pre) pre = root; else { if (pre->val > root->val) { if (!first) first = pre; second = root; } pre = root; } inorder(root->right); } };
这道题的真正符合要求的解法应该用的Morris遍历,这是一种非递归且不使用栈,空间复杂度为O(1)的遍历方法,可参见我之前的博客Binary Tree Inorder Traversal 二叉树的中序遍历,在其基础上做些修改,加入first, second和parent指针,来比较当前节点值和中序遍历的前一节点值的大小,跟上面递归算法的思路相似,代码如下:
// Now O(1) space complexity class Solution { public: void recoverTree(TreeNode *root) { TreeNode *first = NULL, *second = NULL, *parent = NULL; TreeNode *cur, *pre; cur = root; while (cur) { if (!cur->left) { if (parent && parent->val > cur->val) { if (!first) first = parent; second = cur; } parent = cur; cur = cur->right; } else { pre = cur->left; while (pre->right && pre->right != cur) pre = pre->right; if (!pre->right) { pre->right = cur; cur = cur->left; } else { pre->right = NULL; if (parent->val > cur->val) { if (!first) first = parent; second = cur; } parent = cur; cur = cur->right; } } } if (first && second) swap(first->val, second->val); } };
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