spring cloud : 网关Zuul(过滤:安全、监控、限流、路由)
单点搭建
注意：蓝色虚线代表注册；绿色虚线代表调用、红色虚线代表心跳
1. 添加依赖
创建项目tcloud-gateway-zuulserver , pom.xml内容如下
<project xmlns="http://maven.apache.org/POM/4.0.0" xmlns:xsi="http://www.w3.org/2001/XMLSchema-instance" xsi:schemaLocation="http://maven.apache.org/POM/4.0.0 http://maven.apache.org/xsd/maven-4.0.0.xsd"> <modelVersion>4.0.0modelVersion>
<groupId> com.svw.tbox.tcloud.gatewaygroupId> <artifactId>tcloud-gateway-zuulserverartifactId> <version>0.0.1-SNAPSHOTversion> <name>tcloud-gateway-zuulservername> <url>http://maven.apache.orgurl>
<parent> <groupId>org.springframework.bootgroupId> <artifactId>spring-boot-starter-parentartifactId> <version>1.4.3.RELEASEversion> parent>
<properties> <project.build.sourceEncoding>UTF-8project.build.sourceEncoding> properties>
<dependencies> <dependency> <groupId>org.springframework.cloudgroupId> <artifactId>spring-cloud-starter-eurekaartifactId> dependency> <dependency> <groupId>org.springframework.cloudgroupId> <artifactId>spring-cloud-starter-zuulartifactId> dependency> dependencies>
<dependencyManagement> <dependencies> <dependency> <groupId>org.springframework.cloudgroupId> <artifactId>spring-cloud-dependenciesartifactId> <version>Camden.SR4version> <type>pomtype> <scope>importscope> dependency> dependencies> dependencyManagement> project> |
2. 启动类开启zuul
package com.svw.tbox.tcloud.gateway.zuul;
import org.springframework.boot.SpringApplication; import org.springframework.boot.autoconfigure.SpringBootApplication; import org.springframework.cloud.netflix.zuul.EnableZuulProxy;
@SpringBootApplication @EnableZuulProxy publicclass ZuulApplication { publicstaticvoid main(String[] args) { SpringApplication.run(ZuulApplication.class, args); } } |
3. application.yml配置端口和注册到eurekaserver
server: port: 8200 spring: application: name: tcloud-gateway-zuulserver eureka: client: service-url: defaultZone: http://localhost:8100/eureka/ instance: prefer-ip-address:true |
4. 效果
启动tcloud-user-eurekaserver 2个实例进程
启动tcloud-user-provider 2个实例进程
启动tcloud-user-consumer 1个实例进程
启动tcloud-gateway-zuulserver
访问http://localhost:8200/tcloud-user-consumer/user/hrf ,
请求会被Zuul转发到http://localhost:9000/user/hrf
访问http://localhost:8200/tcloud-user-provider/getUser ,
请求会被Zuul转发到http://localhost:8000/getUser
ü 小结
前提条件： Eureka Server注册的微服务的serviceId 在此处简称ms_id ； Eureka Server注册的微服务的IP 在此处简称 ms_ip ； Eureka Server注册的微服务的端口号 在此处简称 ms_port 。 |
Zuul转发规则是： http://网关IP地址:网关端口号/ms_id/** 会被转发到 =》 http:// ms_ip: ms_port/** |
1. 高可用
原理：
Zuul 作为 Eureka Client ，创建多个ZuulEureka Client注册到Eureka Server集群
=>将多个Zuul节点注册到eureka sever
操作：
1.tcloud-gateway-zuulserver修改依赖pom.xml改成:
server: port: 8200 spring: application: name: tcloud-gateway-zuulserver eureka: client: service-url: defaultZone: http://localhost:8100/eureka/,http://localhost:8101/eureka/ instance: prefer-ip-address:true |
复制tcloud-gateway-zuulserver 项目 ，命名tcloud-gateway-zuulserver2修改 pom.xml
server: port: 8201 spring: application: name: tcloud-gateway-zuulserver eureka: client: service-url: defaultZone: http://localhost:8100/eureka/,http://localhost:8101/eureka/ instance: prefer-ip-address:true |
启动两个zuul server
=》重启provider和consumer微服务 ，运行效果和单节点一样
2. 容错：Zuul回退
如果微服务下线了，针对每个微服务，都需要回复一个中文提示，而不是报异常
1. 修改zuul server
1. 针对微服务tcloud-user-consumer添加回退类
package com.svw.tbox.tcloud.gateway.zuul.fallback;
import org.springframework.cloud.netflix.zuul.filters.route.ZuulFallbackProvider; import org.springframework.http.HttpHeaders; import org.springframework.http.HttpStatus; import org.springframework.http.MediaType; import org.springframework.http.client.ClientHttpResponse; import org.springframework.stereotype.Component; import java.io.ByteArrayInputStream; import java.io.IOException; import java.io.InputStream; import java.nio.charset.Charset;
@Component public class ConsumerFallbackProvider implements ZuulFallbackProvider { @Override public String getRoute() { // 表明是为哪个微服务提供回退 return "tcloud-user-consumer"; }
@Override public ClientHttpResponse fallbackResponse() { return new ClientHttpResponse() { @Override public HttpStatus getStatusCode() throws IOException { // fallback时的状态码 return HttpStatus.OK; }
@Override public int getRawStatusCode() throws IOException { // 数字类型的状态码，本例返回的其实就是200，详见HttpStatus return this.getStatusCode().value(); }
@Override public String getStatusText() throws IOException { // 状态文本，本例返回的其实就是OK，详见HttpStatus return this.getStatusCode().getReasonPhrase(); }
@Override public void close() { }
@Override public InputStream getBody() throws IOException { // 响应体 return new ByteArrayInputStream("tcloud-user-consumer微服务不可用，请稍后再试。".getBytes()); }
@Override public HttpHeaders getHeaders() { // headers设定 HttpHeaders headers = new HttpHeaders(); MediaType mt = new MediaType("application","json", Charset.forName("UTF-8")); headers.setContentType(mt); return headers; } }; } } |
2. 效果
按照如下顺序启动：
=> tcloud-base-eurekaserver
=>tcloud-commons-configserver
=>tcloud-gateway-zuulserver
=>tcloud-user-provider
=>tcloud-user-consumer
关闭：tcloud-user-consumer
访问http://localhost:8200/tcloud-user-consumer/log-instance 出现如下效果：
1. 动态路由
参考3.9.4配置文件动态更新,将网关作为一个config client,注册到Eureka、config server ，连接到kafka。
1. Pom.xml添加依赖
<dependency> <groupId>org.springframework.cloudgroupId> <artifactId>spring-cloud-starter-eurekaartifactId> dependency> <dependency> <groupId>org.springframework.cloudgroupId> <artifactId>spring-cloud-starter-configartifactId> dependency> <dependency> <groupId>org.springframework.cloudgroupId> <artifactId>spring-cloud-starter-bus-kafkaartifactId> dependency> <dependency> <groupId>org.springframework.bootgroupId> <artifactId>spring-boot-configuration-processorartifactId> <optional>trueoptional> dependency> |
2. 添加配置参数
eureka: client: service-url: defaultZone: http://localhost:8100/eureka/ instance: prefer-ip-address:true server: port: 8200 spring: application: name: tcloud-gateway cloud: stream: default-binder: kafka kafka: binder: zk-nodes: localhost:2181 brokers: localhost:9092 config: failFast:true profile: local label: develop discovery: enabled:true serviceId: tcloud-commons-config-server |
3. 启动类中注册自动配置bean @RefreshScope
@SpringBootApplication @EnableZuulProxy @EnableFeignClients @EnableHystrix publicclass GatewayApplication { publicstaticvoid main(String[] args) { SpringApplication.run(GatewayApplication.class, args); }
@RefreshScope @ConfigurationProperties("zuul") public ZuulProperties zuulProperties() { returnnew ZuulProperties(); } } |
4. 配置路由参数
zuul: add-host-header:true routes: tcloud-security-auth: /auth/** tcloud-commons-config-server: /config/** tcloud-gateway: /gateway/** management: security: enabled:false |
5. 效果
1. 开启基础服务
开启zookeeper、kafka
2. 写一个微服务测试controller
tcloud-security-auth ，访问地址是：http://localhost:8200/auth/mqtt/profile
@RefreshScope @RestController @RequestMapping("/mqtt") publicclass MqttController { @Value("${profile}") private String profile;
@RequestMapping(value = "/profile", method = RequestMethod.GET) public String profile() { returnprofile; } …… |
3. 修改路由地址
zuul: add-host-header:true routes: tcloud-security-auth: /check/** tcloud-commons-config-server: /config/** tcloud-gateway: /gateway/** management: security: enabled:false |
4. 请求自动刷新参数
访问: http://localhost:8300/bus/refresh
5. 再次请求
访问：http://localhost:8200/check/mqtt/profile
