还在业务中用if else,策略模式了解一下

原文链接: https://juejin.im/post/5d12228de51d45775c73dd1b

if else

if ("BATCH_CHANGE_WAREHOUSE".equals(taskType)) {
            //批量转仓逻辑
        } else if ("BATCH_CHANGE_SHIPPING".equals(taskType)) {
            //批量转快递逻辑
        } else if ("BATCH_REPLACE_ORDER_GOODS".equals(taskType)) {
            //批量替换订单商品逻辑
        } else if ("BATCH_DELETE_ORDER_GOODS".equals(taskType)) {
            //批量删除订单商品逻辑
        } else if ("BATCH_ADD_MEMO".equals(taskType)) {
            //批量添加备注逻辑
        } else {
            //任务类型未知
            System.out.println("任务类型无法处理");
        }

看起来,思路清晰,if,else分支也很清楚,但不觉得代码很臃肿,维护起来麻烦吗

尤其是其他人来接锅的时候,连看下去的欲望都没有了。这时候你需要用策略模式消除其中的if else,进行一下简单的重构!

策略模式

1、首先抽象业务处理器

public abstract class InspectionSolver {

    public abstract void solve(Long orderId, Long userId);

    public abstract String[] supports();
}

2、将业务处理器和其支持处理的类型放到一个容器中,java里Map就是最常用的容器之一

@Component
public class InspectionSolverChooser implements ApplicationContextAware{


    private Map chooseMap = new HashMap<>();

    public InspectionSolver choose(String type) {
        return chooseMap.get(type);
    }

    @PostConstruct
    public void register() {
        Map solverMap = context.getBeansOfType(InspectionSolver.class);
        for (InspectionSolver solver : solverMap.values()) {
            for (String support : solver.supports()) {
                chooseMap.put(support,solver);
            }
        }
    }

    private ApplicationContext context;

    @Override
    public void setApplicationContext(ApplicationContext applicationContext) throws BeansException {
        this.context=applicationContext;
    }
}

这里是在应用启动的时候,加载spring容器中所有InspectionSolver类型的处理器,放到InspectionSolverChooser的map容器中。

注意是InspectionSolver类型,所以定义的处理器都得继承InspectionSolver

其次是spring容器中的才能加载,所以定义的处理器都得放到spring容器中(@Component注解不能少)

3、定义不同的处理器

@Component
public class ChangeWarehouseSolver extends InspectionSolver {

    @Override
    public void solve(Long orderId, Long userId) {
        System.out.println("订单"+orderId+"开始进行批量转仓了。。");
    }

    @Override
    public String[] supports() {
        return new String[] {InspectionConstant.INSPECTION_TASK_TYPE_BATCH_CHANGE_WAREHOUSE};
    }
}

@Component
public class ChangeShippingSolver extends InspectionSolver{

    @Override
    public void solve(Long orderId, Long userId) {
        System.out.println("订单"+orderId+"开始进行转快递了。。");
    }

    @Override
    public String[] supports() {
        return new String[] {InspectionConstant.INSPECTION_TASK_TYPE_BATCH_CHANGE_SHIPPING};
    }
}

@Component
public class ReplaceOrderGoodsSolver extends InspectionSolver{

    @Override
    public void solve(Long orderId, Long userId) {
        System.out.println("订单"+orderId+"开始进行替换商品了");
    }

    @Override
    public String[] supports() {
        return new String[]{InspectionConstant.INSPECTION_TASK_TYPE_BATCH_REPLACE_ORDER_GOODS};
    }
}

4、测试类

@RunWith(SpringJUnit4ClassRunner.class)
@SpringBootTest(classes=Application.class)// 指定spring-boot的启动类
public class InspectionTest {

    @Autowired
    private InspectionSolverChooser chooser;

    @Test
    public void test() throws Exception{
        //准备数据
        String taskType = InspectionConstant.INSPECTION_TASK_TYPE_BATCH_CHANGE_WAREHOUSE;
        Long orderId = 12345L;
        Long userId = 123L;
        //获取任务类型对应的solver
        InspectionSolver solver = chooser.choose(taskType);
        if (solver == null) {
            throw new RuntimeException("任务类型暂时无法处理!");
        }
        //调用不同solver的方法进行处理
        solver.solve(orderId,userId);
    }
}

在测试类中我消除了可能一长段的if else,从选择器InspectionSolverChooser中根据type的不同取出不同的任务处理器InspectionSolver

然后调用其solve()方法进行任务处理,不同处理器调用的当然就是不同的solve()方法了,目的达到。

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