使用IDEA搭建Maven+SpringMVC+Spring+Hibernate环境

前期准备

• jdk，tomcat，mysql，已正确安装
• Maven已正确安装，在cmd中可以查看maven版本
• IDEA已正确安装，能把简单项目跑起来

开始出发

• 打开IDEA，选择Maven，找到maven
  
  选择webapp时别弄混了，上面也有一个cocoon-22-archetype-webapp，不要选那个，认准maven大品牌

• 点击Next，填写信息
  
  GroupId：一般分为多个段，第一段为域，第二段为公司名称，例如：org.apache
  ArtifactId：项目名
  若项目在maven本地仓库中，就根据这俩ID去找项目

• 点击Next，后面步骤可以不用修改
  

• 点击Next，点击Finish
  
  进入界面后，IDEA自动配置相关信息，右下角有个Enable Auto-Import，点击它，若第一次使用maven，那么它自动去maven中央仓库去下载基本包在本地仓库中

• 目录结构创建（先去了解maven标准目录结构，哪些文件应放在哪里，有什么功能等）

  1.首先在main创建一个java文件夹，用于放java代码
  

  2.配置目录属性

  点击右上角图标
  

  配置java文件夹属性
  

相同步骤，配置resource文件夹属性

还有test文件夹，我这里就没创建了

3.下一步进行文件创建

• 现在到了非常重要的一步，在pom.xml中配置项目包依赖。先把配置贴出来，下面再进行分析。（这里只是基本配置，若需扩展，可自行在中央仓库中找文件下载）

<project xmlns="http://maven.apache.org/POM/4.0.0" xmlns:xsi="http://www.w3.org/2001/XMLSchema-instance" xsi:schemaLocation="http://maven.apache.org/POM/4.0.0 http://maven.apache.org/maven-v4_0_0.xsd">
  
  <modelVersion>4.0.0modelVersion>
  <groupId>flysky.showgroupId>
  <artifactId>MavenTestSevenartifactId>
  <packaging>warpackaging>
  <version>1.0-SNAPSHOTversion>
  <name>MavenTestSeven Maven Webappname>
  <url>http://maven.apache.orgurl>

  
  <properties>
    <project.build.sourceEncoding>UTF-8project.build.sourceEncoding>
    <spring.version>4.3.10.RELEASEspring.version>
    <hibernate.version>5.2.10.Finalhibernate.version>
    <jackson.version>2.5.0jackson.version>
  properties>

  <dependencies>

    
    <dependency>
      <groupId>junitgroupId>
      <artifactId>junitartifactId>
      <version>3.8.1version>
      <scope>testscope>
    dependency>

    

    
    <dependency>
      <groupId>aopalliancegroupId>
      <artifactId>aopallianceartifactId>
      <version>1.0version>
    dependency>

    
    <dependency>
      <groupId>org.springframeworkgroupId>
      <artifactId>spring-aopartifactId>
      <version>${spring.version}version>
    dependency>

    
    <dependency>
      <groupId>org.springframeworkgroupId>
      <artifactId>spring-aspectsartifactId>
      <version>${spring.version}version>
    dependency>

    
    <dependency>
      <groupId>org.springframeworkgroupId>
      <artifactId>spring-beansartifactId>
      <version>${spring.version}version>
    dependency>

    
    <dependency>
      <groupId>org.springframeworkgroupId>
      <artifactId>spring-coreartifactId>
      <version>${spring.version}version>
    dependency>

    
    <dependency>
      <groupId>org.springframeworkgroupId>
      <artifactId>spring-contextartifactId>
      <version>${spring.version}version>
    dependency>

    
    <dependency>
      <groupId>org.springframeworkgroupId>
      <artifactId>spring-context-supportartifactId>
      <version>${spring.version}version>
    dependency>

    
    <dependency>
      <groupId>org.springframeworkgroupId>
      <artifactId>spring-expressionartifactId>
      <version>${spring.version}version>
    dependency>

    
    <dependency>
      <groupId>org.springframeworkgroupId>
      <artifactId>spring-instrumentartifactId>
      <version>${spring.version}version>
    dependency>

    
    <dependency>
      <groupId>org.springframeworkgroupId>
      <artifactId>spring-instrument-tomcatartifactId>
      <version>4.3.12.RELEASEversion>
    dependency>

    
    <dependency>
      <groupId>org.springframeworkgroupId>
      <artifactId>spring-jdbcartifactId>
      <version>${spring.version}version>
    dependency>

    
    <dependency>
      <groupId>org.springframeworkgroupId>
      <artifactId>spring-jmsartifactId>
      <version>${spring.version}version>
    dependency>

    
    <dependency>
      <groupId>org.springframeworkgroupId>
      <artifactId>spring-messagingartifactId>
      <version>${spring.version}version>
    dependency>

    
    <dependency>
      <groupId>org.springframeworkgroupId>
      <artifactId>spring-ormartifactId>
      <version>${spring.version}version>
    dependency>

    
    <dependency>
      <groupId>org.springframeworkgroupId>
      <artifactId>spring-oxmartifactId>
      <version>${spring.version}version>
    dependency>

    
    <dependency>
      <groupId>org.springframeworkgroupId>
      <artifactId>spring-testartifactId>
      <version>${spring.version}version>
      <scope>testscope>
    dependency>

    
    <dependency>
      <groupId>org.springframeworkgroupId>
      <artifactId>spring-txartifactId>
      <version>${spring.version}version>
    dependency>

    
    <dependency>
      <groupId>org.springframeworkgroupId>
      <artifactId>spring-webartifactId>
      <version>${spring.version}version>
    dependency>

    
    <dependency>
      <groupId>org.springframeworkgroupId>
      <artifactId>spring-webmvcartifactId>
      <version>${spring.version}version>
    dependency>

    
    <dependency>
      <groupId>org.springframeworkgroupId>
      <artifactId>spring-webmvc-portletartifactId>
      <version>4.3.12.RELEASEversion>
    dependency>

    
    <dependency>
      <groupId>org.springframeworkgroupId>
      <artifactId>spring-websocketartifactId>
      <version>${spring.version}version>
    dependency>

    

    
    <dependency>
      <groupId>org.hibernategroupId>
      <artifactId>hibernate-coreartifactId>
      <version>${hibernate.version}version>
    dependency>

    
    <dependency>
      <groupId>org.hibernategroupId>
      <artifactId>hibernate-c3p0artifactId>
      <version>5.2.12.Finalversion>
    dependency>

    <dependency>
      <groupId>org.hibernate.commongroupId>
      <artifactId>hibernate-commons-annotationsartifactId>
      <version>5.0.1.Finalversion>
    dependency>

    
    <dependency>
      <groupId>org.hibernategroupId>
      <artifactId>hibernate-entitymanagerartifactId>
      <version>4.3.9.Finalversion>
    dependency>

    
    <dependency>
      <groupId>org.hibernate.javax.persistencegroupId>
      <artifactId>hibernate-jpa-2.1-apiartifactId>
      <version>1.0.0.Finalversion>
    dependency>

    
    <dependency>
      <groupId>org.antlrgroupId>
      <artifactId>antlr4artifactId>
      <version>4.7version>
    dependency>

    <dependency>
      <groupId>com.fasterxmlgroupId>
      <artifactId>classmateartifactId>
      <version>1.3.4version>
    dependency>

    
    <dependency>
      <groupId>commons-logginggroupId>
      <artifactId>commons-loggingartifactId>
      <version>1.2version>
    dependency>

    
    <dependency>
      <groupId>org.dom4jgroupId>
      <artifactId>dom4jartifactId>
      <version>2.1.0version>
    dependency>

    <dependency>
      <groupId>org.jbossgroupId>
      <artifactId>jandexartifactId>
      <version>2.0.3.Finalversion>
    dependency>

    
    <dependency>
      <groupId>org.javassistgroupId>
      <artifactId>javassistartifactId>
      <version>3.20.0-GAversion>
    dependency>

    
    <dependency>
      <groupId>org.jboss.logginggroupId>
      <artifactId>jboss-loggingartifactId>
      <version>3.3.1.Finalversion>
    dependency>

    <dependency>
      <groupId>org.jboss.spec.javax.transactiongroupId>
      <artifactId>jboss-transaction-api_1.2_specartifactId>
      <version>1.0.0.Finalversion>
    dependency>

    
    <dependency>
      <groupId>com.mchangegroupId>
      <artifactId>mchange-commons-javaartifactId>
      <version>0.2.14version>
    dependency>

    
    
    <dependency>
      <groupId>com.mchangegroupId>
      <artifactId>c3p0artifactId>
      <version>0.9.5-pre10version>
    dependency>

    
    <dependency>
      <groupId>com.alibabagroupId>
      <artifactId>fastjsonartifactId>
      <version>1.2.3version>
    dependency>

    
    <dependency>
      <groupId>javax.servletgroupId>
      <artifactId>servlet-apiartifactId>
      <version>3.0-alpha-1version>
    dependency>

    <dependency>
      <groupId>javax.servletgroupId>
      <artifactId>jstlartifactId>
      <version>1.2version>
    dependency>

    
    <dependency>
      <groupId>mysqlgroupId>
      <artifactId>mysql-connector-javaartifactId>
      <version>5.1.39version>
    dependency>

    
    <dependency>
      <groupId>org.slf4jgroupId>
      <artifactId>slf4j-apiartifactId>
      <version>1.7.21version>
    dependency>


    
    <dependency>
      <groupId>log4jgroupId>
      <artifactId>log4jartifactId>
      <version>1.2.17version>
    dependency>

  dependencies>


  <build>
    <finalName>MavenTestSevenfinalName>

    <plugins>
      
      <plugin>
        <groupId>org.apache.maven.pluginsgroupId>
        <artifactId>maven-surefire-pluginartifactId>
        <version>2.4.2version>
        <configuration>
          <skipTests>trueskipTests>
        configuration>
      plugin>

      
      <plugin>
        <groupId>org.apache.maven.pluginsgroupId>
        <artifactId>maven-war-pluginartifactId>
        <version>2.3version>
        <configuration>
          <webXml>src/main/webapp/WEB-INF/web.xmlwebXml>
        configuration>
      plugin>

      
      <plugin>
        <groupId>org.apache.maven.pluginsgroupId>
        <artifactId>maven-javadoc-pluginartifactId>
        <version>2.9.1version>
        <configuration>
          <javadocDirectory>target/javadocjavadocDirectory>
          <reportOutputDirectory>target/javadocreportOutputDirectory>
          <charset>UTF-8charset>
          <encoding>UTF-8encoding>
          <docencoding>UTF-8docencoding>
          <show>privateshow>
        configuration>
      plugin>

    plugins>
  build>
project>

分析：

没有用maven时，我们要在项目中手动去导入jar包，例如下图：

这很麻烦，而用了maven后，直接在pom.xml文件中配置就可以了。maven先在本地仓库中去查找是否有该jar包，若没有就去中央仓库下载到本地仓库。我们可以发现，若本地仓库中没有jar包，在IDEA右下角进度条中，时间要长一点，那是在中央仓库中下载jar包，而本地仓库中有，则一瞬间就完成了配置。
对比：pom.xml文件中的配置，就相当于没有用maven时，去手动下载jar包，而使用了maven后，在配置里面就直接解决了

问题：该如何去配置pom.xml文件？

我作为一个刚接触maven的新手来说，这也是一个很纠结的问题，我该整么去配置呢？看其他的博客再copy下来？不，治标不治本，下面讲讲我自己的步骤。

答：没用maven时，肯定有搭建框架的jar包呀，原来项目需要用到哪些jar包，我就去中央仓库中找，那里一般都有的，然后看它的maven配置介绍，copy下来放在pom.xml中就行了，IDEA自动帮你下载，这样就完成了一个jar包的导入。还是直接看图吧

1.例如，我在原来的项目中，看到有antlr-2.7.7.jar这个文件

2.然后去maven中央仓库，地址：http://mvnrepository.com/ 然后直接搜索关键字，一般第一个就是

3.选择版本，这里我们随便选择一个

4.查看maven配置语句，copy下来，放在pom.xml文件中

这样就完成了一个jar包的导入，假如很多jar包版本号都是一样的，可以使用配置文件最前面那个版本统一标识统一配置。下面进行其他文件配置

• web.xml+applicationContext.xml文件+dispatcher-servlet.xml+config.xml文件配置

  1.web.xml文件

<web-app xmlns="http://xmlns.jcp.org/xml/ns/javaee" xmlns:xsi="http://www.w3.org/2001/XMLSchema-instance" xsi:schemaLocation="http://xmlns.jcp.org/xml/ns/javaee http://xmlns.jcp.org/xml/ns/javaee/web-app_3_1.xsd" version="3.1">
  <display-name>Archetype Created Web Applicationdisplay-name>
  
  <context-param>
    <param-name>log4jConfigLocationparam-name>
    <param-value>classpath:/log4j.propertiesparam-value>
  context-param>
  <listener>
    <listener-class>org.springframework.web.util.Log4jConfigListenerlistener-class>
  listener>

  
  <context-param>
    <param-name>contextConfigLocationparam-name>
    <param-value>classpath:/applicationContext.xmlparam-value>
  context-param>
  <listener>
    <listener-class>org.springframework.web.context.ContextLoaderListenerlistener-class>
  listener>

  
  <servlet>
    <servlet-name>dispatcherservlet-name>
    <servlet-class>org.springframework.web.servlet.DispatcherServletservlet-class>
    <init-param>
      <param-name>contextConfigLocationparam-name>
      <param-value>classpath:/dispatcher-servlet.xmlparam-value>
    init-param>
    <load-on-startup>1load-on-startup>
  servlet>
  <servlet-mapping>
    <servlet-name>dispatcherservlet-name>
    <url-pattern>/url-pattern>
  servlet-mapping>

  
  <filter>
    <filter-name>characterEncodingFilterfilter-name>
    <filter-class>org.springframework.web.filter.CharacterEncodingFilterfilter-class>
    <init-param>
      <param-name>encodingparam-name>
      <param-value>UTF-8param-value>
    init-param>
    <init-param>
      <param-name>forceEncodingparam-name>
      <param-value>trueparam-value>
    init-param>
  filter>
  <filter-mapping>
    <filter-name>characterEncodingFilterfilter-name>
    <url-pattern>/*url-pattern>
  filter-mapping>

  
  <welcome-file-list>
    <welcome-file>/index.jspwelcome-file>
  welcome-file-list>
web-app>

2.applicationContext.xml配置

<beans xmlns="http://www.springframework.org/schema/beans" xmlns:xsi="http://www.w3.org/2001/XMLSchema-instance" xmlns:context="http://www.springframework.org/schema/context" xmlns:tx="http://www.springframework.org/schema/tx" xsi:schemaLocation="http://www.springframework.org/schema/beans http://www.springframework.org/schema/beans/spring-beans.xsd http://www.springframework.org/schema/context http://www.springframework.org/schema/context/spring-context.xsd http://www.springframework.org/schema/tx http://www.springframework.org/schema/tx/spring-tx.xsd">

    
    <context:component-scan base-package="flysky.demo">
        <context:exclude-filter type="annotation" expression="org.springframework.stereotype.Controller"/>
        <context:exclude-filter type="annotation" expression="org.springframework.web.bind.annotation.ControllerAdvice"/>
    context:component-scan>


    
    <context:property-placeholder location="classpath:/config.properties"/>
    
    <tx:annotation-driven/>

    
    <bean id="dataSource" class="com.mchange.v2.c3p0.ComboPooledDataSource">
        <property name="driverClass" value="${jdbc.driver}"/>
        <property name="jdbcUrl" value="${jdbc.url}"/>
        <property name="user" value="${jdbc.username}"/>
        <property name="password" value="${jdbc.password}"/>
    bean>

    
    <bean id="user" class="flysky.demo.entity.User"/>

    
    
    <bean id="entityManagerFactory" class="org.springframework.orm.jpa.LocalContainerEntityManagerFactoryBean">
        <property name="dataSource" ref="dataSource"/>
        
        <property name="jpaVendorAdapter">
            <bean class="org.springframework.orm.jpa.vendor.HibernateJpaVendorAdapter"/>
        property>
        
        <property name="packagesToScan" value="flysky.demo.entity"/>
        
        <property name="jpaProperties">
            <props>
                <prop key="hibernate.dialect">${hibernate.dialect}prop>
                <prop key="hibernate.show_sql">${hibernate.show_sql}prop>
                <prop key="hibernate.format_sql">${hibernate.format_sql}prop>
                <prop key="hibernate.hbm2ddl.auto">${hibernate.hbm2ddl.auto}prop>
            props>
        property>
    bean>
    
    <bean id="transactionManager" class="org.springframework.orm.jpa.JpaTransactionManager">
        <property name="entityManagerFactory" ref="entityManagerFactory"/>
    bean>

    
    <tx:annotation-driven transaction-manager="transactionManager"/>
beans>

3.dispatcher-servlet.xml文件配置

<beans xmlns="http://www.springframework.org/schema/beans" xmlns:xsi="http://www.w3.org/2001/XMLSchema-instance" xmlns:context="http://www.springframework.org/schema/context" xmlns:mvc="http://www.springframework.org/schema/mvc" xsi:schemaLocation="http://www.springframework.org/schema/beans http://www.springframework.org/schema/beans/spring-beans.xsd http://www.springframework.org/schema/context http://www.springframework.org/schema/context/spring-context.xsd http://www.springframework.org/schema/mvc http://www.springframework.org/schema/mvc/spring-mvc.xsd">

    
    <context:component-scan base-package="flysky.demo">
        <context:include-filter type="annotation" expression="org.springframework.stereotype.Controller"/>
        <context:include-filter type="annotation" expression="org.springframework.web.bind.annotation.ControllerAdvice"/>
    context:component-scan>

    
    <bean class="org.springframework.web.servlet.view.InternalResourceViewResolver">
        <property name="prefix" value="/WEB-INF/views/html/"/>
        <property name="suffix" value=".jsp"/>
    bean>


    
    <mvc:resources location="/WEB-INF/views/css/" mapping="/views/css/**" />
    <mvc:resources location="/WEB-INF/views/js/" mapping="/views/js/**" />
    <mvc:resources location="/WEB-INF/views/img/" mapping="/views/img/**" />
    <mvc:resources location="/WEB-INF/views/html/" mapping="/views/html/**" />

    
    <mvc:default-servlet-handler/>
    <mvc:annotation-driven/>
beans>

4.config.xml文件配置

#application configs

#jdbc c3p0 config
jdbc.driver = com.mysql.jdbc.Driver
jdbc.url = jdbc:mysql://localhost:3306/mytest?useUnicode=true&characterEncoding=UTF-8
jdbc.username = root
jdbc.password = admin

#hibernate config
hibernate.dialect = org.hibernate.dialect.MySQLDialect
hibernate.show_sql = true
hibernate.format_sql = false
hibernate.hbm2ddl.auto = update

5.log4j.properties文件配置，这个网上都有，我还是贴出来吧

### set log levels ###
log4j.rootLogger = INFO , C , D , E 

### console ###
log4j.appender.C = org.apache.log4j.ConsoleAppender
log4j.appender.C.Target = System.out
log4j.appender.C.layout = org.apache.log4j.PatternLayout
log4j.appender.C.layout.ConversionPattern = [springmvc_hibernate][%p] [%-d{yyyy-MM-dd HH:mm:ss}] %C.%M(%L) | %m%n

### log file ###
log4j.appender.D = org.apache.log4j.DailyRollingFileAppender
log4j.appender.D.File = ../logs/springmvc_hibernate_demo.log
log4j.appender.D.Append = true
log4j.appender.D.Threshold = INFO 
log4j.appender.D.layout = org.apache.log4j.PatternLayout
log4j.appender.D.layout.ConversionPattern = [springmvc_hibernate][%p] [%-d{yyyy-MM-dd HH:mm:ss}] %C.%M(%L) | %m%n

### exception ###
log4j.appender.E = org.apache.log4j.DailyRollingFileAppender
log4j.appender.E.File = ../logs/springmvc_hibernateerror.log 
log4j.appender.E.Append = true
log4j.appender.E.Threshold = ERROR 
log4j.appender.E.layout = org.apache.log4j.PatternLayout
log4j.appender.E.layout.ConversionPattern = [FundsManagerSys][%p] [%-d{yyyy-MM-dd HH:mm:ss}] %C.%M(%L) | %m%n

ok，完成了，下面就可以启动tomcat看看，有什么问题再慢慢解决，若在原来的SSH项目中跑着没问题，用了Maven后却报错，那么肯定是pom.xml文件配置出了问题，要么是有些包依赖没配置到，要么就是多配置了起冲突，结合问题再自己看看吧，多弄几次就熟悉了。

小编也是刚入坑的新人，若文章中有地方理解错误，还请大神多多指点！