Ubuntu16.04下搭建python开发环境

准备工作：安装虚拟机，并下载安装Ubuntu16.04系统

1.ubuntu默认root用户没有激活，激活root用户，就要为root用户创建密码

$sudo passwd root

2、修改主机名

$vi /etc/hostname

3、安装ssh服务

$sudo apt-get install openssh-server

//安装sshd服务 $ sudo apt-get install openssh-server //开启服务 $ /etc/init.d/ssh start //关闭服务 $ /etc/init.d/ssh stop //重启服务 $ /etc/init.d/ssh restart

4、安装Xshell软件，链接虚拟机ubuntu

5、浏览器访问虚拟机里的web server

首先你的虚拟机应该与你的win系统网络访问正常
启动web Server时确认其启动在对外能够访问的IP( 0.0.0.0 ) 和端口上

6、安装python2.7

$ sudo apt-get install python2.7 $ which python2.7 $ which python3 $ python --version Arvin@Arvin:~/tools/pip$ which python2.7 /usr/bin/python2.7 Arvin@Arvin:~/tools/pip$ python2.7 Python 2.7.12 (default, Nov 19 2016, 06:48:10) [GCC 5.4.0 20160609] on linux2 Type "help", "copyright", "credits" or "license" for more information. >>>

创建软连接：

$ ln -s 源文件 目标文件

$ sudo ln -s /usr/bin/python2.7 /usr/bin/python lrwxrwxrwx 1 root root 18 Mar 28 23:23 /usr/bin/python -> /usr/bin/python2.7 lrwxrwxrwx 1 root root 18 Mar 28 23:22 /usr/bin/python2 -> /usr/bin/python2.7 -rwxr-xr-x 1 root root 3546104 Nov 19 01:35 /usr/bin/python2.7 lrwxrwxrwx 1 root root 9 Mar 28 03:22 /usr/bin/python3 -> python3.5 -rwxr-xr-x 2 root root 4460336 Nov 17 11:23 /usr/bin/python3.5

7、安装setuptools

$ sudo apt-get install python-setuptools

8、安装pip

Arvin@Arvin:~/tools/pip$ wget https://bootstrap.pypa.io/get-pip.py --no-check-certificate --2017-03-28 22:44:39-- https://bootstrap.pypa.io/get-pip.py Resolving bootstrap.pypa.io (bootstrap.pypa.io)... 151.101.72.175 Connecting to bootstrap.pypa.io (bootstrap.pypa.io)|151.101.72.175|:443... connected. HTTP request sent, awaiting response... 200 OK Length: 1595408 (1.5M) [text/x-python] Saving to: ‘get-pip.py’ get-pip.py 100%[===================>] 1.52M 933KB/s in 1.7s 2017-03-28 22:44:41 (933 KB/s) - ‘get-pip.py’ saved [1595408/1595408]

执行安装pip命令

Arvin@Arvin:~/tools/pip$ sudo python get-pip.py

警告解决办法

DEPRECATION: The default format will switch to columns in the future. You can use --format=(legacy|columns) (or define a format=(legacy|columns) in your pip.conf under the [list] section) to disable this warning.

新建pip源配置文件

$ mkdir ~/.pip $ vim ~/.pip/pip.conf

添加内容

[list] format=columns

pip源配置文件可以放置的位置

Linux/Unix: /etc/pip.conf ~/.pip/pip.conf ~/.config/pip/pip.conf

9、安装virtualenv和virtualenvwrapper

sudo apt-get update $sudo apt-get install python-virtualenv $sudo easy_install virtualenvwrapper

上述工具装好后找不到mkvirtualenv命令，需要执行以下环境变量设置

1.创建目录用来存放虚拟环境

mkdir $HOME/.virtualenvs

2.在~/.bashrc中添加行：

export WORKON_HOME=$HOME/.virtualenvs source /usr/local/bin/virtualenvwrapper.sh

3.运行:

source ~/.bashrc

3.创建python虚拟环境

mkvirtualenv [虚拟环境名称]

4.切换虚拟环境

workon [虚拟环境名称]

5.退出虚拟环境

deactivate

6.删除虚拟环境

rmvirtualenv [虚拟环境名称]

注：创建的环境是独立的，互不干扰，无需sudo权限即可使用 pip 来进行包的管理，如果在虚拟环境中使用sudo安装的包在主环境中使用-p参数指定虚拟环境中python的版本~/.bashrc 文件内容

1 # ~/.bashrc: executed by bash(1) for non-login shells. 2 # see /usr/share/doc/bash/examples/startup-files (in the package bash-doc) 3 # for examples 4 5 # If not running interactively, don't do anything 6 case $- in 7 *i*) ;; 8 *) return;; 9 esac 10 11 # don't put duplicate lines or lines starting with space in the history. 12 # See bash(1) for more options 13 HISTCONTROL=ignoreboth 14 15 # append to the history file, don't overwrite it 16 shopt -s histappend 17 18 # for setting history length see HISTSIZE and HISTFILESIZE in bash(1) 19 HISTSIZE=1000 20 HISTFILESIZE=2000 21 22 # check the window size after each command and, if necessary, 23 # update the values of LINES and COLUMNS. 24 shopt -s checkwinsize 25 26 # If set, the pattern "**" used in a pathname expansion context will 27 # match all files and zero or more directories and subdirectories. 28 #shopt -s globstar 29 30 # make less more friendly for non-text input files, see lesspipe(1) 31 [ -x /usr/bin/lesspipe ] && eval "$(SHELL=/bin/sh lesspipe)" 32 33 # set variable identifying the chroot you work in (used in the prompt below) 34 if [ -z "${debian_chroot:-}" ] && [ -r /etc/debian_chroot ]; then 35 debian_chroot=$(cat /etc/debian_chroot) 36 fi 37 38 # set a fancy prompt (non-color, unless we know we "want" color) 39 case "$TERM" in 40 xterm-color|*-256color) color_prompt=yes;; 41 esac 42 43 # uncomment for a colored prompt, if the terminal has the capability; turned 44 # off by default to not distract the user: the focus in a terminal window 45 # should be on the output of commands, not on the prompt 46 #force_color_prompt=yes 47 48 if [ -n "$force_color_prompt" ]; then 49 if [ -x /usr/bin/tput ] && tput setaf 1 >&/dev/null; then 50 # We have color support; assume it's compliant with Ecma-48 51 # (ISO/IEC-6429). (Lack of such support is extremely rare, and such 52 # a case would tend to support setf rather than setaf.) 53 color_prompt=yes 54 else 55 color_prompt= 56 fi 57 fi 58 59 if [ "$color_prompt" = yes ]; then 60 PS1='${debian_chroot:+($debian_chroot)}\[\033[01;32m\]\u@\h\[\033[00m\]:\[\033[01;34m\]\w\[\033[00m\]\$ ' 61 else 62 PS1='${debian_chroot:+($debian_chroot)}\u@\h:\w\$ ' 63 fi 64 unset color_prompt force_color_prompt 65 66 # If this is an xterm set the title to user@host:dir 67 case "$TERM" in 68 xterm*|rxvt*) 69 PS1="\[\e]0;${debian_chroot:+($debian_chroot)}\u@\h: \w\a\]$PS1" 70 ;; 71 *) 72 ;; 75 # enable color support of ls and also add handy aliases 76 if [ -x /usr/bin/dircolors ]; then 77 test -r ~/.dircolors && eval "$(dircolors -b ~/.dircolors)" || eval "$(dircolors -b)" 78 alias ls='ls --color=auto' 79 #alias dir='dir --color=auto' 80 #alias vdir='vdir --color=auto' 81 82 alias grep='grep --color=auto' 83 alias fgrep='fgrep --color=auto' 84 alias egrep='egrep --color=auto' 85 fi 86 87 # colored GCC warnings and errors 88 #export GCC_COLORS='error=01;31:warning=01;35:note=01;36:caret=01;32:locus=01:quote=01' 89 90 # some more ls aliases 91 alias ll='ls -alF' 92 alias la='ls -A' 93 alias l='ls -CF' 94 95 # Add an "alert" alias for long running commands. Use like so: 96 # sleep 10; alert 97 alias alert='notify-send --urgency=low -i "$([ $? = 0 ] && echo terminal || echo error)" "$(history|tail -n1|sed -e '\''s/^\s*[0-9]\+\s*//;s/[;&|]\s*alert$//'\'')"' 98 99 # Alias definitions. 100 # You may want to put all your additions into a separate file like 101 # ~/.bash_aliases, instead of adding them here directly. 102 # See /usr/share/doc/bash-doc/examples in the bash-doc package. 103 104 if [ -f ~/.bash_aliases ]; then 105 . ~/.bash_aliases 106 fi 107 108 # enable programmable completion features (you don't need to enable 109 # this, if it's already enabled in /etc/bash.bashrc and /etc/profile 110 # sources /etc/bash.bashrc). 111 if ! shopt -oq posix; then 112 if [ -f /usr/share/bash-completion/bash_completion ]; then 113 . /usr/share/bash-completion/bash_completion 114 elif [ -f /etc/bash_completion ]; then 115 . /etc/bash_completion 116 fi 117 fi 118 export WORKON_HOME=$HOME/.virtualenvs 119 source /usr/local/bin/virtualenvwrapper.sh

通过-p创建特定python版本的虚拟环境

$ mkvirtualenv -p python python2_tornado

10、安装tree，树状查看目录

$ sudo apt-get install tree

11、使用scp拷贝文件

本地文件复制到远程

$ scp aaa.txt [email protected]://home/Arvin/work/scp_test The authenticity of host '192.168.170.129 (192.168.170.129)' can't be established. ECDSA key fingerprint is 25:ee:20:66:89:d3:82:7b:0b:61:2a:05:d8:35:5e:c3. Are you sure you want to continue connecting (yes/no)? yes Warning: Permanently added '192.168.170.129' (ECDSA) to the list of known hosts. [email protected]'s password: aaa.txt 100% 68 0.1KB/s 00:00

本地目录复制到远程

$ scp -r aaa [email protected]://home/Arvin/work/scp_test/ [email protected]'s password: aaa.txt 100% 68 0.1KB/s 00:00 bbb.txt 100% 0 0.0KB/s 00:00 aaa.txt 100% 68 0.1KB/s 00:00

远程文件复制到本地

$ scp [email protected]://home/Arvin/work/scp_test/bbb.txt ./ [email protected]'s password: bbb.txt 100% 0 0.0KB/s 00:00 

远程目录下文件及目录复制到本地

$ scp -r [email protected]://home/Arvin/work/scp_test/aaa/* ./ [email protected]'s password: aaa.txt 100% 68 0.1KB/s 00:00 aaa.txt 100% 68 0.1KB/s 00:00 bbb.txt 100% 0 0.0KB/s 00:00 

远程目录复制到本地

fanyu111@fanyu:~/work/work/scp_test$ scp -r [email protected]://home/Arvin/work/scp_test/aaa/ ./ [email protected]'s password: aaa.txt 100% 68 0.1KB/s 00:00 bbb.txt 100% 0 0.0KB/s 00:00 aaa.txt 100% 68 0.1KB/s 00:00 

12、使用rz和sz拷贝文件

sz用法：
下载一个文件

sz filename

下载多个文件

sz filename1 filename2

下载dir目录下的所有文件，不包含dir下的文件夹

sz dir/*

rz用法：
输入rz回车后，会出现文件选择对话框，选择需要上传文件，一次可以指定多个文件，上传到服务器的路径为当前执行rz命令的目录。

13、修改文件权限

修改文件夹权限

$ sudo chmod -R 777 aaa

修改文件夹下文件权限

$ sudo chmod 777 aaa/*

修改文件所有者

$ chown fanyu111 aaa

修改文件所有者和组

$ chown - R fanyu111.bbb aaa

14、查看最大打开文件数

$ cat /proc/sys/fs/file-max 399181

15、安装flask

$pip install flask

16、动态查看log日志文件

$ tailf aaa.log $ tail -f aaa.log

17、安装pycharm

18、安装mysql

$sudo apt-get install mysql-server $sudo apt-get install mysql-client $sudo apt-get install libmysqlclient-dev

注：安装过程中需要设置密码，不要忘了。

查看安装是否成功

$sudo netstat -apn | grep mysql

登录mysql

$mysql -u root -p

-u 表示选择登陆的用户名，
-p 表示登陆的用户密码，
上面命令输入之后会提示输入密码，此时输入密码就可以登录到mysql

查看mysql编码

mysql> show variables like '%char%'; +--------------------------+----------------------------+ | Variable_name | Value | +--------------------------+----------------------------+ | character_set_client | utf8 | | character_set_connection | utf8 | | character_set_database | latin1 | | character_set_filesystem | binary | | character_set_results | utf8 | | character_set_server | latin1 | | character_set_system | utf8 | | character_sets_dir | /usr/share/mysql/charsets/ | +--------------------------+----------------------------+ 8 rows in set (0.01 sec) mysql> show variables like '%colla%'; +----------------------+-------------------+ | Variable_name | Value | +----------------------+-------------------+ | collation_connection | utf8_general_ci | | collation_database | latin1_swedish_ci | | collation_server | latin1_swedish_ci | +----------------------+-------------------+ 3 rows in set (0.01 sec)

全局修改字符编码设置为UTF-8

默认情况下，MySQL的字符集是latin1，因此在存储中文的时候，会出现乱码的情况，所以我们需要把字符集统一改成UTF-8,用vi打开MySQL服务器的配置文件my.cnf

$sudo vi /etc/mysql/my.cnf

在[client]标签下，增加客户端的字符编码

[client] default-character-set=utf8

在[mysqld]标签下，增加服务器端的字符编码

[mysqld] character-set-server=utf8 collation-server=utf8_general_ci

 1 # 2 # The MySQL database server configuration file. 3 # 4 # You can copy this to one of: 5 # - "/etc/mysql/my.cnf" to set global options, 6 # - "~/.my.cnf" to set user-specific options. 7 # 8 # One can use all long options that the program supports. 9 # Run program with --help to get a list of available options and with 10 # --print-defaults to see which it would actually understand and use. 11 # 12 # For explanations see 13 # http://dev.mysql.com/doc/mysql/en/server-system-variables.html 14 15 # 16 # * IMPORTANT: Additional settings that can override those from this file! 17 # The files must end with '.cnf', otherwise they'll be ignored. 18 # 19 20 !includedir /etc/mysql/conf.d/ 21 !includedir /etc/mysql/mysql.conf.d/ 22 23 [client] 24 default-character-set = utf8 25 26 [mysqld] 27 character-set-server = utf8 28 collation-server = utf8_general_ci

重启mysql,生效

使用 service 启动：

sudo service mysql restart

service mysql start 启动
service mysql stop 停止

创建数据库的时候直接指定默认字符

create database *** default character set utf8

远程链接mysql

检查3306端口

$Arvin@Arvin:~$ sudo netstat -apn|grep 3306 tcp 0 0 0.0.0.0:3306 0.0.0.0:* LISTEN 1852/mysqld

如果是绑定了本地回旋地址，需要改配置文件

$Arvin@Arvin:~$ sudo netstat -apn|grep 3306 tcp 0 0 127.0.0.1:3306 0.0.0.0:* LISTEN 1852/mysqld

修改mysql的配置文件文件

$Arvin@Arvin:~$ sudo vim /etc/mysql/mysql.conf.d/mysqld.cnf

修改 bind-address = 127.0.0.1为 bind-address = 0.0.0.0记得要重启mysql服务

$sudo service mysql restart

创建用户
选中mysql数据库

use mysql;

查看现有用户

select user,host from user;

1、给现有用户添加远程访问权限

update user set host ='%' where user='root'; grant all on *.* to root@'%' identified by 'root'; flush privileges;

2、创建可以远程访问的用户

CREATE USER ''@'%' IDENTIFIED BY ''; GRANT ALL ON .* TO ''@'%';

3、创建只允许192.168.201.128访问的用户

CREATE USER 'user02'@'192.168.201.128' IDENTIFIED BY ''; GRANT ALL ON .* TO ''@'192.168.201.128';

查看用户权限与GRANT用法
[MySQL]查看用户权限与GRANT用法

查看用户权限
show grants for 你的用户
比如：

show grants for root@'localhost';

安装PyMySQL

pip install PyMySQL

安装sqlalchemy

pip install sqlalchemy

安装memcached

$ sudo apt-get install memcached $ pip install python-memcached

19、安装redis，在Ubuntu中执行下面这句命令：

$sudo apt-get install redis-server

启动服务端

$redis-server

启动客户端

$redis-cli $pip install redis

20、虚拟机与宿主机联网

宿主：Win7 ， 虚拟机：Ubuntu
（1）在虚拟机中以NAT的连接模式，共享宿主机的IP地址信息
（2）在虚拟Linux系统中，ifconfig eth0 获取虚拟主机的网卡分配的IP地址如：ip。
（3）通过在宿主系统中的网址输入：ip,即可访问虚拟设备的服务。


设置PyCharm工具的编码格式：
File -> setting -> Editor -> File Encodings -> IDE Encoding 和 Project Encoding的值为：utf-8

使用pycharm链接虚拟机

------------------1、链接虚拟机-----------------------

打开pycham，windows下连接服务器端

Tools --> Deployment --> Configurasion

点击 + 号
name 随便写
type SFTP

配置连接服务器，name随便写，connection下，协议sftp，服务器主机IP 172.16.163.10，用户名，密码

点击Test SFTP connection测试 成功显示ok

-------------------2、windows下代码与服务器代码链接-----------------------------

下面选择连接windows下的那部分代码和服务器上代码相连，Mappings，本地Local path，服务器path，apply，OK，表示已经把本地的代码和服务器代码连接上了。

设置如何使得本地代码和服务器代码同步更新
Tools --> Deployment --> Options

在upload changed files automatically to the default server 选项中
选择On explicit save action(ctrl +s)表示在pycharm里修改代码后ctrl+s便可同步到服务器。

never 从未
always 总是

on explicit save action 显式保存动作


---------------------3.在pycharm里可以使用ssh--------------------------------------------------------


在pycharm里

Tools->start ssh session可以使用ssh，

如果ssh时候发现打开中文乱码，在settings里修改

File --> Tools --> SSH Terminal --> Deployment server 选 Arvin --> Default encoding: 选 UTF-8

--------------------4.Windows下的Pycharm远程连接虚拟机的Python环境------------------------------------

Windows下的Pycharm远程连接虚拟机的Python环境

打开Pycharm，File—>Settings—>Project—>Project Interpreter 选择Add Remote


选择SSH Credentials，填写参数


---------------------5运行virtualenv中的python------------------------- --------
看python解释器位置

$which python (python2_tornado) Arvin@Arvin:~/work/tornado_test/Arvin/1_lesson_helloworld$ which python /home/Arvin/.virtualenvs/python2_tornado/bin/python

---------------------------------------------------------------------------------
使用xshell链接虚拟机

使用Navicat链接虚拟机

21、安装curl

sudo apt install curl

22、清除浏览器缓存Ctrl+Shift+Del 清除Google浏览器缓存的快捷键Ctrl+Shift+R 重新加载当前网页而不使用缓存内容使用locale命令查看系统当前编码

ubuntu@ubuntu:~$ locale LANG=zh_CN.UTF-8 LANGUAGE=zh_CN:en_US:en LC_CTYPE="zh_CN.UTF-8" LC_NUMERIC=zh_CN.UTF-8 LC_TIME=zh_CN.UTF-8 LC_COLLATE="zh_CN.UTF-8" LC_MONETARY=zh_CN.UTF-8 LC_MESSAGES="zh_CN.UTF-8" LC_PAPER=zh_CN.UTF-8 LC_NAME=zh_CN.UTF-8 LC_ADDRESS=zh_CN.UTF-8 LC_TELEPHONE=zh_CN.UTF-8 LC_MEASUREMENT=zh_CN.UTF-8 LC_IDENTIFICATION=zh_CN.UTF-8 LC_ALL= ubuntu@ubuntu:~$

VMWare 虚拟机备份
虚拟机->快照->拍摄快照 进行备份

豆瓣源安装

pip install -i https://pypi.doubanio.com/simple/ --trusted-host pypi.doubanio.com flask