基于Spring Boot实现Mybatis的多数据源切换和动态数据源加载

环境依赖:
  Spring Boot:1.5.9
  JDK:1.8.0
  MySQL:5.7.17
  Mybatis:3.3.0
 
  本文主要就mybatis的多数据源切换和动态数据源加载的实现原理做分享;对于mybatis的基础可自行百度。由于在开始学习的时候,发现网上有很多人把多数据源切换和动态数据源加载混为一谈,导致在实现动态加载的时候,所很苦恼。所以有必要在这里做以简要说明:
  多数据源切换:指项目所需要不止一个数据库的连接信息,eg:同一数据库地址下的不同库或者压根连地址都不同。
  动态加载:指所需要的数据所在的数据库信息在项目启动前并不知道,只有在项目运行后根据业务逻辑获取到对应的数据库信息,并在代码的运行过程中,向Spring Boot中添加一个或多个mybatis实例。
  

单一数据源的连接

  顾名思义,在项目中,在项目中只需要配置一个数据库的信息即可,业务所需要的所有数据均在这一个数据库下;这种场景通常能够适用于绝大部分的实际需求,因此这种实现的原理再次不做赘述,如有需求可自行百度。具体实现可参考源码spring-boot-mybatis-demo。

多数据源切换

  业务场景:需要分别获取所有的用户信息和学生信息;但是已知用户信息在mybatis_demo数据库中,学生信息在mybatis_demo2 数据库中。如下图所示:

基于Spring Boot实现Mybatis的多数据源切换和动态数据源加载_第1张图片

数据库mybatis_demo内有个用户表:user_info,表结构如下:

基于Spring Boot实现Mybatis的多数据源切换和动态数据源加载_第2张图片

数据库mybatis_demo2内有一个学生表:student_info,表结构如下:

这里写图片描述

配置文件信息如下:
基于Spring Boot实现Mybatis的多数据源切换和动态数据源加载_第3张图片

在这里介绍一种最为简单的实现方案:多数据源 - 多实例
在熟悉了单实例数据源的实现后,不难看出,在Spring Boot中,通过为该数据源DataSource初始化一个与之对应的SessionFactory,从而实现连接。因此在面对多数据源的时候,可以分别为每个数据源写一个mybatis的config类,使其每个DataSource都拥有一个只属于自己的SessionFactory,这样就可以根据各自的mapper映射目录找到对应的mybaits实例;
这种实现方法要求不同的mybatis实例的mapper映射目录不能相同

基于Spring Boot实现Mybatis的多数据源切换和动态数据源加载_第4张图片

把一个配置类作下的Bean命名统一,并注入相应的Bean,从而可以保证每一个SessionFactory所对应的配置信息唯一;具体配置如下:
第一个数据源的配置

/**
 * Created by YHYR on 2017-12-25
 */

@Configuration
@MapperScan(basePackages = "com.yhyr.mybatis.mapper.UserMapper", sqlSessionTemplateRef  = "oneSqlSessionTemplate")
public class MybatisConfig {

    @Bean(name = "oneDataSource")
    @ConfigurationProperties(prefix = "spring.datasource.one")
    @Primary
    public DataSource customDataSource() {
        return DataSourceBuilder.create().build();
    }

    @Bean(name = "oneSqlSessionFactory")
    @Primary
    public SqlSessionFactory customSqlSessionFactory(@Qualifier("oneDataSource") DataSource dataSource) throws Exception {
        SqlSessionFactoryBean bean = new SqlSessionFactoryBean();
        bean.setDataSource(dataSource);
        bean.setMapperLocations(new PathMatchingResourcePatternResolver().getResources("classpath*:mapper/*.xml"));
        return bean.getObject();
    }

    @Bean(name = "oneTransactionManager")
    @Primary
    public DataSourceTransactionManager customTransactionManager(@Qualifier("oneDataSource") DataSource dataSource) {
        return new DataSourceTransactionManager(dataSource);
    }

    @Bean(name = "oneSqlSessionTemplate")
    @Primary
    public SqlSessionTemplate customSqlSessionTemplate(@Qualifier("oneSqlSessionFactory") SqlSessionFactory sqlSessionFactory) throws Exception {
        return new SqlSessionTemplate(sqlSessionFactory);
    }

}

第二个数据源的配置:

/**
 * Created by YHYR on 2017-12-25
 */

@Configuration
@MapperScan(basePackages = "com.yhyr.mybatis.mapper.StudentMapper", sqlSessionTemplateRef  = "anotherSqlSessionTemplate")
public class MybatisConfig2 {

    @Bean(name = "anotherDataSource")
    @ConfigurationProperties(prefix = "spring.datasource.another")
    public DataSource customDataSource() {
        return DataSourceBuilder.create().build();
    }

    @Bean(name = "anotherSqlSessionFactory")
    public SqlSessionFactory customSqlSessionFactory(@Qualifier("anotherDataSource") DataSource dataSource) throws Exception {
        SqlSessionFactoryBean bean = new SqlSessionFactoryBean();
        bean.setDataSource(dataSource);
        bean.setMapperLocations(new PathMatchingResourcePatternResolver().getResources("classpath*:mapper/*.xml"));
        return bean.getObject();
    }

    @Bean(name = "anotherTransactionManager")
    public DataSourceTransactionManager customTransactionManager(@Qualifier("anotherDataSource") DataSource dataSource) {
        return new DataSourceTransactionManager(dataSource);
    }

    @Bean(name = "anotherSqlSessionTemplate")
    public SqlSessionTemplate customSqlSessionTemplate(@Qualifier("anotherSqlSessionFactory") SqlSessionFactory sqlSessionFactory) throws Exception {
        return new SqlSessionTemplate(sqlSessionFactory);
    }

}

完成配置文件的配置后,可在工程目录的mapper包下新建两个目录:UserMapper和StudentMapper,分别对应两个数据源。这两个目录只能同级,或者不同目录,不能互为子父目录。

基于Spring Boot实现Mybatis的多数据源切换和动态数据源加载_第5张图片

通过mapper接口和xml文件实现对数据的获取,代码如下:

/**
 * Created by YHYR on 2017-12-25
 */

public interface UserInfoMapper {
    List getUserInfo();
}


<mapper namespace="com.yhyr.mybatis.mapper.UserMapper.UserInfoMapper" >
    <resultMap id="UserBaseInfoMap" type="com.yhyr.mybatis.domain.UserInfo" >
        <id column="id" property="id" jdbcType="INTEGER" />
        <result column="name" property="name" jdbcType="VARCHAR" />
        <result column="sex" property="sex" jdbcType="VARCHAR" />
        <result column="age" property="age" jdbcType="INTEGER" />
    resultMap>

    <sql id="Base_Column_List" >
        id, name, sex, age
    sql>

    <select id="getUserInfo" resultMap="UserBaseInfoMap">
        SELECT
        <include refid="Base_Column_List" />
        FROM user_info
    select>

mapper>
/**
 * Created by YHYR on 2017-12-25
 */

public interface StudentInfoMapper {
    List getStudentInfo();
}


<mapper namespace="com.yhyr.mybatis.mapper.StudentMapper.StudentInfoMapper" >
    <resultMap id="StudentBaseInfoMap" type="com.yhyr.mybatis.domain.StudentInfo" >
        <id column="id" property="id" jdbcType="INTEGER" />
        <result column="student_name" property="studentName" jdbcType="VARCHAR" />
        <result column="class_name" property="className" jdbcType="VARCHAR" />
        <result column="grade_name" property="gradeName" jdbcType="VARCHAR" />
    resultMap>

    <sql id="Base_Column_List" >
        id, student_name, class_name, grade_name
    sql>

    <select id="getStudentInfo" resultMap="StudentBaseInfoMap">
        SELECT
        <include refid="Base_Column_List" />
        FROM student_info
    select>

mapper>

  Service层的逻辑:分别注入UserInfoMapper 和 StudentInfoMapper,获取用户和学生信息;具体实现很简单,故在此省略service和domain层的代码;完整代码详见spring-boot-multi-mybatis-demo。
最后贴上入口函数的逻辑和运行结果:

/**
 * Created by YHYR on 2017-12-25
 */

@SpringBootApplication
public class MybatisApplication implements CommandLineRunner {
    @Autowired
    UserService userService;

    @Autowired
    StudentService studentService;

    public static void main(String[] args) {
        SpringApplication.run(MybatisApplication.class, args);
    }

    @Override
    public void run(String... strings) {
        List userInfoList = userService.getUserInfo();
        userInfoList.stream().forEach(userInfo -> System.out.println("name is : " + userInfo.getName() + "; sex is : " + userInfo.getSex() + "; age is : " + userInfo.getAge()));

        List studentInfoList = studentService.getStudentInfo();
        studentInfoList.stream().forEach(studentInfo -> System.out.println("studentName is : " + studentInfo.getStudentName() + "; className is : " + studentInfo.getClassName() + "; gradeName is : " + studentInfo.getGradeName()));
    }
}

运行结果如下:
基于Spring Boot实现Mybatis的多数据源切换和动态数据源加载_第6张图片

动态数据源加载

业务场景:
  现有已知的两个数据源:default和master;
  default:用户常规的业务逻辑,(eg:单数据源的业务需求)
  master:该数据源内只有一个db_info表,该表内维护这数据库的基本信息(dbName, dbIp, dbPort, dbUser, dbPasswd)
  现在需要根据业务需求,获取master中相应的数据库基本信息,然后根据从获取到的数据库基本信息中获取所需要的业务数据。(可类比Hadoop中的NameNode和DataNode的关系)

  在这种业务场景下,上述那种在程序执行前就一次性初始化所有mybatis实例的方法就行不通了。所以可以借助如下思路来思考:

基于Spring Boot实现Mybatis的多数据源切换和动态数据源加载_第7张图片

  基于这种方式,不仅可是实现真正意义上的多数据源的切换(第二种实现多数据源切换的思路),还可以实现在程序的运行过程中,实现动态添加一个或多个新的数据源。这里重点关注的是配置文件之间的关系,对象模型如下:

基于Spring Boot实现Mybatis的多数据源切换和动态数据源加载_第8张图片

首先分析一下AbstractRoutingDataSource抽象类的源码:

public abstract class AbstractRoutingDataSource extends AbstractDataSource implements InitializingBean {
    private Map targetDataSources;
    private Object defaultTargetDataSource;
    private boolean lenientFallback = true;
    private DataSourceLookup dataSourceLookup = new JndiDataSourceLookup();
    private Map resolvedDataSources;
    private DataSource resolvedDefaultDataSource;

    public AbstractRoutingDataSource() {
    }

    public void setTargetDataSources(Map targetDataSources) {
        this.targetDataSources = targetDataSources;
    }

    public void setDefaultTargetDataSource(Object defaultTargetDataSource) {
        this.defaultTargetDataSource = defaultTargetDataSource;
    }

    public void setLenientFallback(boolean lenientFallback) {
        this.lenientFallback = lenientFallback;
    }

    public void setDataSourceLookup(DataSourceLookup dataSourceLookup) {
        this.dataSourceLookup = (DataSourceLookup)(dataSourceLookup != null ? dataSourceLookup : new JndiDataSourceLookup());
    }

    public void afterPropertiesSet() {
        if (this.targetDataSources == null) {
            throw new IllegalArgumentException("Property 'targetDataSources' is required");
        } else {
            this.resolvedDataSources = new HashMap(this.targetDataSources.size());
            Iterator var1 = this.targetDataSources.entrySet().iterator();

            while(var1.hasNext()) {
                Entry entry = (Entry)var1.next();
                Object lookupKey = this.resolveSpecifiedLookupKey(entry.getKey());
                DataSource dataSource = this.resolveSpecifiedDataSource(entry.getValue());
                this.resolvedDataSources.put(lookupKey, dataSource);
            }

            if (this.defaultTargetDataSource != null) {
                this.resolvedDefaultDataSource = this.resolveSpecifiedDataSource(this.defaultTargetDataSource);
            }

        }
    }

    protected Object resolveSpecifiedLookupKey(Object lookupKey) {
        return lookupKey;
    }

    protected DataSource resolveSpecifiedDataSource(Object dataSource) throws IllegalArgumentException {
        if (dataSource instanceof DataSource) {
            return (DataSource)dataSource;
        } else if (dataSource instanceof String) {
            return this.dataSourceLookup.getDataSource((String)dataSource);
        } else {
            throw new IllegalArgumentException("Illegal data source value - only [javax.sql.DataSource] and String supported: " + dataSource);
        }
    }

    public Connection getConnection() throws SQLException {
        return this.determineTargetDataSource().getConnection();
    }

    public Connection getConnection(String username, String password) throws SQLException {
        return this.determineTargetDataSource().getConnection(username, password);
    }

    public  T unwrap(Class iface) throws SQLException {
        return iface.isInstance(this) ? this : this.determineTargetDataSource().unwrap(iface);
    }

    public boolean isWrapperFor(Class iface) throws SQLException {
        return iface.isInstance(this) || this.determineTargetDataSource().isWrapperFor(iface);
    }

    protected DataSource determineTargetDataSource() {
        Assert.notNull(this.resolvedDataSources, "DataSource router not initialized");
        Object lookupKey = this.determineCurrentLookupKey();
        DataSource dataSource = (DataSource)this.resolvedDataSources.get(lookupKey);
        if (dataSource == null && (this.lenientFallback || lookupKey == null)) {
            dataSource = this.resolvedDefaultDataSource;
        }

        if (dataSource == null) {
            throw new IllegalStateException("Cannot determine target DataSource for lookup key [" + lookupKey + "]");
        } else {
            return dataSource;
        }
    }

    protected abstract Object determineCurrentLookupKey();
}

  对于该抽象类,关注两组变量:Map targetDataSourcesObject defaultTargetDataSourceMap resolvedDataSourcesDataSource resolvedDefaultDataSource;这两组变量是相互对应的;在熟悉多实例数据源切换代码的不难发现,当有多个数据源的时候,一定要指定一个作为默认的数据源,在这里也同理,当同时初始化多个数据源的时候,需要显示的调用setDefaultTargetDataSource方法指定一个作为默认数据源;
  我们需要关注的是Map targetDataSourcesMap resolvedDataSources,targetDataSources是暴露给外部程序用来赋值的,而resolvedDataSources是程序内部执行时的依据,因此会有一个赋值的操作,如下图所示:

基于Spring Boot实现Mybatis的多数据源切换和动态数据源加载_第9张图片

  根据这段源码可以看出,每次执行时,都会遍历targetDataSources内的所有元素并赋值给resolvedDataSources;这样如果我们在外部程序新增一个新的数据源,都会添加到内部使用,从而实现数据源的动态加载。

  继承该抽象类的时候,必须实现一个抽象方法:protected abstract Object determineCurrentLookupKey(),该方法用于指定到底需要使用哪一个数据源。

基于Spring Boot实现Mybatis的多数据源切换和动态数据源加载_第10张图片

到此基本上清楚了该抽象类的使用方法,接下来贴下具体的实现代码:
自定义数据源DataSource类:

/**
 * Created by YHYR on 2017-12-25
 */

public class DynamicDataSource extends AbstractRoutingDataSource {
    private static DynamicDataSource instance;
    private static byte[] lock=new byte[0];
    private static Map dataSourceMap=new HashMap();

    @Override
    public void setTargetDataSources(Map targetDataSources) {
        super.setTargetDataSources(targetDataSources);
        dataSourceMap.putAll(targetDataSources);
        super.afterPropertiesSet();// 必须添加该句,否则新添加数据源无法识别到
    }

    public Map getDataSourceMap() {
        return dataSourceMap;
    }

    public static synchronized DynamicDataSource getInstance(){
        if(instance==null){
            synchronized (lock){
                if(instance==null){
                    instance=new DynamicDataSource();
                }
            }
        }
        return instance;
    }
    //必须实现其方法
    protected Object determineCurrentLookupKey() {
        return DataSourceContextHolder.getDBType();
    }
}

通过ThreadLocal维护一个全局唯一的map来实现数据源的动态切换

/**
 * Created by YHYR on 2017-12-25
 */

public class DataSourceContextHolder {
    private static final ThreadLocal contextHolder = new ThreadLocal();

    public static synchronized void setDBType(String dbType){
        contextHolder.set(dbType);
    }

    public static String getDBType(){
        return contextHolder.get();
    }

    public static void clearDBType(){
        contextHolder.remove();
    }
}

Mybatis配置文件:

/**
 * Created by YHYR on 2017-12-25
 */

@Configuration
public class DataSourceConfig {
    @Value("${spring.datasource.default.url}")
    private String defaultDBUrl;
    @Value("${spring.datasource.default.username}")
    private String defaultDBUser;
    @Value("${spring.datasource.default.password}")
    private String defaultDBPassword;
    @Value("${spring.datasource.default.driver-class-name}")
    private String defaultDBDreiverName;

    @Value("${spring.datasource.master.url}")
    private String masterDBUrl;
    @Value("${spring.datasource.master.username}")
    private String masterDBUser;
    @Value("${spring.datasource.master.password}")
    private String masterDBPassword;
    @Value("${spring.datasource.default.driver-class-name}")
    private String masterDBDreiverName;

    @Bean
    public DynamicDataSource dynamicDataSource() {
        DynamicDataSource dynamicDataSource = DynamicDataSource.getInstance();

        DruidDataSource defaultDataSource = new DruidDataSource();
        defaultDataSource.setUrl(defaultDBUrl);
        defaultDataSource.setUsername(defaultDBUser);
        defaultDataSource.setPassword(defaultDBPassword);
        defaultDataSource.setDriverClassName(defaultDBDreiverName);

        DruidDataSource masterDataSource = new DruidDataSource();
        masterDataSource.setDriverClassName(masterDBDreiverName);
        masterDataSource.setUrl(masterDBUrl);
        masterDataSource.setUsername(masterDBUser);
        masterDataSource.setPassword(masterDBPassword);

        Map map = new HashMap<>();
        map.put("default", defaultDataSource);
        map.put("master", masterDataSource);
        dynamicDataSource.setTargetDataSources(map);
        dynamicDataSource.setDefaultTargetDataSource(defaultDataSource);

        return dynamicDataSource;
    }

    @Bean
    public SqlSessionFactory sqlSessionFactory(
            @Qualifier("dynamicDataSource") DataSource dynamicDataSource)
            throws Exception {
        SqlSessionFactoryBean bean = new SqlSessionFactoryBean();
        bean.setDataSource(dynamicDataSource);
        bean.setMapperLocations(new PathMatchingResourcePatternResolver()
                .getResources("classpath*:mapper/*.xml"));
        return bean.getObject();

    }

    @Bean(name = "sqlSessionTemplate")
    public SqlSessionTemplate sqlSessionTemplate(
            @Qualifier("sqlSessionFactory") SqlSessionFactory sqlSessionFactory)
            throws Exception {
        return new SqlSessionTemplate(sqlSessionFactory);
    }
}

其他业务逻辑同多数据源切换,下面贴上如何切换数据源:

/**
 * Created by YHYR on 2017-12-25
 */

@SpringBootApplication
public class DynamicApplication implements CommandLineRunner {
    @Autowired
    UserService userService;

    @Autowired
    DBService dbService;

    @Autowired
    StudentService studentService;

    public static void main(String[] args) {
        SpringApplication.run(DynamicApplication.class, args);
    }

    @Override
    public void run(String... strings) throws Exception {
        /**
         * 获取maste数据库信息
         */
        DataSourceContextHolder.setDBType("default");
        List userInfoList = userService.getUserInfo();
        userInfoList.stream().forEach(userInfo -> System.out.println("name is : " + userInfo.getName() + "; sex is : " + userInfo.getSex() + "; age is : " + userInfo.getAge()));

        /**
         * 根据slave数据源获取目标数据库信息
         */
        DataSourceContextHolder.setDBType("master");
        int primayrId = 1;
        DBInfo dbInfo = dbService.getDBInfoByprimayrId(primayrId);
        System.out.println("dbName is -> " + dbInfo.getDbName() + "; dbIP is  -> " + dbInfo.getDbIp() + "; dbUser is  -> " + dbInfo.getDbUser() + "; dbPasswd is -> " + dbInfo.getDbPasswd());

        DruidDataSource dynamicDataSource = new DruidDataSource();
        dynamicDataSource.setDriverClassName("com.mysql.jdbc.Driver");
        dynamicDataSource.setUrl("jdbc:mysql://" + dbInfo.getDbIp() + ":" + dbInfo.getDbPort() + "/" + dbInfo.getDbName() + "?characterEncoding=utf-8&zeroDateTimeBehavior=convertToNull");
        dynamicDataSource.setUsername(dbInfo.getDbUser());
        dynamicDataSource.setPassword(dbInfo.getDbPasswd());

        /**
         * 创建动态数据源
         */
        Map dataSourceMap = DynamicDataSource.getInstance().getDataSourceMap();
        dataSourceMap.put("dynamic-slave", dynamicDataSource);
        DynamicDataSource.getInstance().setTargetDataSources(dataSourceMap);
        /**
         * 切换为动态数据源实例,打印学生信息
         */
        DataSourceContextHolder.setDBType("dynamic-slave");
        List studentInfoList = studentService.getStudentInfo();
        studentInfoList.stream().forEach(studentInfo -> System.out.println("studentName is : " + studentInfo.getStudentName() + "; className is : " + studentInfo.getClassName() + "; gradeName is : " + studentInfo.getGradeName()));

    }
}

基于Spring Boot实现Mybatis的多数据源切换和动态数据源加载_第11张图片

三种不同模式的源码详见GitHub。

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