算法设计与分析(10)-- 3Sum Closest(难度:Medium)

算法设计与分析(10)

题目:3Sum Closest

问题描述:Given an array S of n integers, find three integers in S such that the sum is closest to a given number, target. Return the sum of the three integers. You may assume that each input would have exactly one solution.

    For example, given array S = {-1 2 1 -4}, and target = 1.

    The sum that is closest to the target is 2. (-1 + 2 + 1 = 2).

算法思路:

这里给出O(n²)的算法,并且整体的思路和上一题的求3Sum并没有太大差别。
1.给定数组vector nums和目标值int target,为了使复杂度为O(n²),首先使用STL的sort函数对数组进行排序:

int len = nums.size();
sort(nums.begin(), nums.end());
int result,temp = INT32_MAX;

2.然后同样基于“2Sum”的思路,我们首先选定n,从数组的nums[0]遍历至nums[nums.size() - 3],然后使用求2Sum的算法,取n = target - nums[i] 为目标值,找出first和second,使得nums[first] + nums[second] - n最接近0。使用temp记录nums[first] + nums[second] - n的大小,result记录最接近的结果,:

        int n = target - nums[i];
        //find 2Sum for n
        int first = i + 1, second = len - 1;

(1)当abs(nums[first] + nums[second] - n) < temp,更新temp和result;
(2)当nums[first] + nums[second] > n,second–;
(3)当nums[first] + nums[second] < n,first++;
(4)当nums[first] + nums[second] = n,因为这个时候可以得到target,可以直接返回target。

while (first < second)
{
    if (abs(nums[first] + nums[second] - n) < temp)
    {
        result = nums[i] + nums[first] + nums[second];
        temp = abs(nums[first] + nums[second] - n);
    }
    if (nums[first] + nums[second] > n )
        --second;
    else if (nums[first] + nums[second] < n )   
        ++first;
    else return target;
}

实现代码:

#include
#include
#include
using namespace std;

int threeSumClosest(vector<int>& nums, int target) 
{
    int len = nums.size();
    sort(nums.begin(), nums.end());
    int result,temp = INT32_MAX;

    for (int i = 0; i < len - 2; ++i)
    {
        int n = target - nums[i];
        //find 2Sum for n
        int first = i + 1, second = len - 1;

        while (first < second)
        {
            if (abs(nums[first] + nums[second] - n) < temp)
            {
                result = nums[i] + nums[first] + nums[second];
                temp = abs(nums[first] + nums[second] - n);
            }

            if (nums[first] + nums[second] > n )
                --second;
            else if (nums[first] + nums[second] < n )   
                ++first;
            else return target;
        }
    }
    return result;
}

int main()
{
    int a[] = { 1,2,-2,-1 };
    vector<int> nums(a, a + 4);
    int res;
    res = threeSumClosest(nums,3);
    cout << res << endl;
    return 0;
}

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