linux 一行命令安装python3.7
最近（2019-03-28）在ubuntu18上是这样安装python3.6的，效果很不错，参考的是这个：install-python-3-6-ubuntu-linuxmint
sudo apt-get install build-essential checkinstall
sudo apt-get install libreadline-gplv2-dev libncursesw5-dev libssl-dev libsqlite3-dev tk-dev libgdbm-dev libc6-dev libbz2-dev libffi-dev
cd /usr/src
sudo wget https://www.python.org/ftp/python/3.6.8/Python-3.6.8.tgz
sudo tar xzf Python-3.6.8.tgz
cd Python-3.6.8
sudo ./configure --enable-optimizations
sudo make altinstall
python3.6 -V
pip3.6 -Vwget https://www.python.org/ftp/python/3.8.0/Python-3.8.0b2.tar.xz
tar xvf Python-3.8.0b2.tar.xz
cd Python-3.8.0b2
sudo ./configure --enable-optimizations
sudo make altinstall
python3.8 -V2019-07-11 succeed to install python3.8beta in ArchLinux.
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荐：一行命令搞定（仅适用通过apt或yum来安装包的系统[ubuntu/red hat/centos]）
curl https://bc.gongxinke.cn/downloads/install-python-latest | bash该命令在安装python的同时，也安装python-dev等常用扩展、并且激活ssl等内建模块，基本上执行完就可以很愉快地使用python，继续苦短的人生了。
具体安装内容可通过curl https://bc.gongxinke.cn/downloads/install-python-latest和
curl https://bc.gongxinke.cn/downloads/activate_buildin_modules.py来查看。
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平常是这么安装的...
方法一：从python官网下载安装包来安装
wget https://www.python.org/ftp/python/3.7.2/Python-3.7.2.tar.xz && \
tar -xvf Python-3.7.2.tar.xz && \
cd Python-3.7.2 && \
./configure && make && sudo make altinstall--------------------
>>> 装完python后pip install有点慢？看看这个：pipenv换源、pipenv换阿里源、pip换源、pip换豆瓣源
如果安装python过程中报这个错误：
ModuleNotFoundError: No module named '_ctypes'
可通过安装libffi(-dev[el])
https://bugs.python.org/issue31652
来解决（安装完重新运行sudo make altinstall），Ubuntu用这个命令：
sudo apt install libffi-devcentos是这个：
sudo yum install libffi-devel更周全的方法是不单安装libffi(-dev[el])
还安装其他python开发所需的包（Ubuntu）：
sudo apt update -y
sudo apt install -y build-essential libncursesw5-dev libgdbm-dev libc6-dev zlib1g zlib1g-dev libsqlite3-dev tk-dev libssl-dev openssl libffi-dev python3-dev python3-smbuscentos：
sudo yum update -y
sudo yum groupinstall -y "development tools"
sudo yum install zlib zlib-devel bzip2-devel openssl openssl-devel libffi-devel ncurses-devel xz-devel python3-devel sqlite-devel readline-devel tk-devel gdbm-devel db4-devel libpcap-devel expat-devel
方法二：从国内的网站下载安装包，适合访问python官网比较慢或访问不到的情况：
wget https://bc.gongxinke.cn/downloads/Python-3.7.2.tar.xz && \
tar -xvf Python-3.7.2.tar.xz && \
cd Python-3.7.2 && \
./configure && make && sudo make altinstall或：
curl https://bc.gongxinke.cn/downloads/install-python-3.7.2 | bash附：
安装python3.6.8：
curl https://bc.gongxinke.cn/downloads/install-python-3.6.8 | bashmd5校验（https://www.python.org/downloads/release/python-372/）：
echo 'df6ec36011808205beda239c72f947cb md5-from-python.org' && md5sum Python-3.7.2.tar.xz----------------------------------
安装过程如果遇到这个错误：
zipimport.ZipImportError: can't decompress data; zlib not available
编辑文件 Python-3.7.2/Modules/Setup
查找zlib，去掉第338行zlib zlibmodule.c -I$(prefix)/include -L$(exec_prefix)/lib -lz前面的#，保存
然后重新运行：
cd Python-3.7.2 && make && sudo make altinstall------------------------------------------------
如果遇到了./Modules/zlibmodule.c:10:10: fatal error: zlib.h: No such file or directory
ubuntu中通过安装这个解决了（安装后需要重新make和make altinstall）：
sudo apt-get install zlib1g-dev