SpringCloud学习笔记(3):使用Feign实现声明式服务调用

简介

Feign是一个声明式的Web Service客户端,它简化了Web服务客户端的编写操作,相对于Ribbon+RestTemplate的方式,开发者只需通过简单的接口和注解来调用HTTP API。它支持Spring MVC注解和JAX-RS注解,还支持可插拔式的编码器和解码器。整合了Eureka,Ribbon和Hystrix,具有可插拔、基于注解、负载均衡、服务熔断等一系列便捷功能。

项目介绍

  1. sc-parent,父模块(请参照SpringCloud学习笔记(1):Eureka注册中心)
  2. sc-eureka,注册中心(请参照SpringCloud学习笔记(1):Eureka注册中心)
  3. sc-provider,提供者(请参照SpringCloud学习笔记(1):Eureka注册中心)
  4. sc-consumer-feign,基于Feign声明式调用的消费者

基于Feign声明式调用的消费者

1.在父模块下创建子模块项目sc-consumer-feign,pom.xml:


  4.0.0
  
    com.cf
    sc-parent
    0.0.1-SNAPSHOT
  
  sc-consumer-feign
  
  
    
        org.springframework.cloud
        spring-cloud-starter-netflix-eureka-client
    
    
        org.springframework.cloud
        spring-cloud-starter-openfeign
    
  

2.创建启动类feign.FeignApplication:

package feign;
import org.springframework.boot.SpringApplication;
import org.springframework.boot.autoconfigure.SpringBootApplication;
import org.springframework.cloud.openfeign.EnableFeignClients;

@SpringBootApplication
@EnableFeignClients
public class FeignApplication {
    public static void main(String[] args) {
        SpringApplication.run(FeignApplication.class, args);
    }
}

3.创建Feign声明式接口:feign.inter.BookService

package feign.inter;
import org.springframework.cloud.openfeign.FeignClient;
import org.springframework.web.bind.annotation.GetMapping;

@FeignClient("sc-provider")
public interface BookService {
    
    @GetMapping("/book/list")
    public String getBookList();
}

4.创建调用提供者服务的Controller:

package feign.controller;

import org.springframework.beans.factory.annotation.Autowired;
import org.springframework.web.bind.annotation.GetMapping;
import org.springframework.web.bind.annotation.RequestMapping;
import org.springframework.web.bind.annotation.RestController;

import feign.inter.BookService;

@RequestMapping("/feign")
@RestController
public class FeignController {
    @Autowired
    private BookService bookService;
    
    @GetMapping("/getBookList")
    public String getBookList(){
        return bookService.getBookList();
    }
}

5.创建application.yml:

server:
  port: 8084

spring:
  application:
    name: sc-consumer-feign
    
eureka:
  client:
    registerWithEureka: false
    serviceUrl:
      defaultZone: http://localhost:8080/eureka/

6.依次启动注册中心sc-eureka、提供者sc-provider、消费者sc-consumer-feign,并访问http://localhost:8084/feign/getBookList:

SpringCloud学习笔记(3):使用Feign实现声明式服务调用_第1张图片

Feign基于Ribbon实现,也具有Ribbon负载均衡的特性,可以将调用的提供者服务换成sc-provider-random(请参照SpringCloud学习笔记(2):使用Ribbon负载均衡)来测试。

带参数的请求

上面例子没有涉及到参数的传递,接下来测试下如何使用Feign构造带参数的请求,首先对提供者和消费者做如下更改:

//提供者Controller添加了两个参数,并打印到控制台。
@RequestMapping("/book")
@RestController
public class BookController {
    @GetMapping("/list")
    public String getBookList(String param1, Integer param2){
        System.out.println(param1 + ":" + param2);
        return "[\"Java入门到放弃\",\"C++入门到放弃\",\"Python入门到放弃\",\"C入门到放弃\"]";
    }
}


//消费者Feign接口和Controller添加参数
@FeignClient("sc-provider")
public interface BookService {
    @GetMapping("/book/list")
    public String getBookList(String param1, Integer param2);
}

@RequestMapping("/feign")
@RestController
public class FeignController {
    @Autowired
    private BookService bookService;
    
    @GetMapping("/getBookList")
    public String getBookList(){
        return bookService.getBookList("Java", 520);
    }
}

依次启动注册中心sc-eureka、提供者sc-provider、消费者sc-consumer-feign,启动消费者sc-consumer-feign时会启动失败:
java.lang.IllegalStateException: Method has too many Body parameters: public abstract java.lang.String feign.inter.BookService.getBookList(java.lang.String,java.lang.Integer)

解决方法1

更改Feign接口,为参数添加@RequestParam注解:

@FeignClient("sc-provider")
public interface BookService {
    @GetMapping("/book/list")   
    public String getBookList(@RequestParam("param1") String param1, @RequestParam("param2") Integer param2);
}

解决方法2

将参数封装到Map里,更改消费者Feign接口和Controller:

@FeignClient("sc-provider")
public interface BookService {
    @GetMapping("/book/list")
    public String getBookList(@RequestParam Map paramMap);
}

@RequestMapping("/feign")
@RestController
public class FeignController {
    @Autowired
    private BookService bookService;
    
    @GetMapping("/getBookList")
    public String getBookList(){
        Map paramMap = new HashMap();
        paramMap.put("param1", "Java");
        paramMap.put("param2", 520);
        return bookService.getBookList(paramMap);
    }
}

在参数较多的情况下,该方式可以简化Feign接口的编写。

自定义类型的参数

OpenFeign的@QueryMap注解支持将自定义类型用于GET参数映射,由于@QueryMap和Spring不兼容,Spring Cloud OpenFeign提供了一个等价的@SpringQueryMap注解,可以用于自定义类型和Map类型的参数映射。下面将使用自定义类型Params作为参数,使用@SpringQueryMap注解来处理自定义类型的参数映射。

1.分别在提供者和消费者中创建类Params(可以建一个公共模块,然后在提供者和消费者中添加依赖):

public class Params {
    private String param1;
    
    private Integer param2;

    public String getParam1() {
        return param1;
    }

    public void setParam1(String param1) {
        this.param1 = param1;
    }

    public Integer getParam2() {
        return param2;
    }

    public void setParam2(Integer param2) {
        this.param2 = param2;
    }
    
    @Override
    public String toString() {
        return "Params [param1=" + param1 + ", param2=" + param2 + "]";
    }

    public Params(String param1, Integer param2) {
        this.param1 = param1;
        this.param2 = param2;
    }

    public Params() {}
}

2.更改提供者和消费者相关类

//提供者
@RequestMapping("/book")
@RestController
public class BookController {
    @GetMapping("/list")
    public String getBookList(Params params){
        System.out.println(params.toString());
        return "[\"Java入门到放弃\",\"C++入门到放弃\",\"Python入门到放弃\",\"C入门到放弃\"]";
    }
}

//消费者
@FeignClient("sc-provider")
public interface BookService {
    @GetMapping("/book/list")
    public String getBookList(@SpringQueryMap Params params);
}

@RequestMapping("/feign")
@RestController
public class FeignController {
    @Autowired
    private BookService bookService;
    
    @GetMapping("/getBookList")
    public String getBookList(){    
        Params params = new Params("Java", 520);
        return bookService.getBookList(params);
    }
}

3.依次启动注册中心sc-eureka、提供者sc-provider、消费者sc-consumer-feign,并访问http://localhost:8084/feign/getBookList,提供者控制台输出:

Params [param1=Java, param2=520]

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