汉字转拼音的实现

游戏中显示榜单等重复性信息时， 会有一系列的排序规则。
一般在按照名字排序时，有一条是以汉字拼音字母排序。

本文实现了如何获取汉字的拼音以及拼音首字母的方法。

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主要思路：

1. GB2312编码采用16位编码方式，简体中文的编码范围从B0A1一直到F7FE，完整编码表链接：http://ash.jp/code/cn/gb2312tbl.htm。
   我们通过 System.Text.Encoding.Default.GetBytes()接口可以取到对应的编码数组。
2. 汉字拼音的发音是有限的， 且在GB2312中时有序的， 所以我们实现两个数组，一个存放编码， 一个存放拼音，具体的看下方代码。
3. 有一些汉字拼音需要作出修正。
4. 本文只是一个简单的实现，可以应付一些不精确的场景。 对于多音字等问题， 需要更加专业的解决方案。

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测试案例:

class Program {
    static void Main(string[] args) {
        string testStr = "魔术师大卫说这是个测试";
        Console.WriteLine(testStr);
        Console.WriteLine("full letters: " + Chinese2Spell.GetFullPinyinLetters(testStr));
        Console.WriteLine("first letters: " + Chinese2Spell.GetFirstPinyinLetters(testStr));
        Console.ReadKey();
    }
}

测试效果：

代码实现：

using System;
using System.Collections.Generic;
using System.Text.RegularExpressions;

namespace Spell {
    public class Chinese2Spell {
        #region 拼音编码
        private static int[] pinyinValue = new int[] {
            -20319,-20317,-20304,-20295,-20292,-20283,-20265,-20257,-20242,-20230,
            -20051,-20036,-20032,-20026,-20002,-19990,-19986,-19982,-19976,-19805,
            -19784,-19775,-19774,-19763,-19756,-19751,-19746,-19741,-19739,-19728,
            -19725,-19715,-19540,-19531,-19525,-19515,-19500,-19484,-19479,-19467,
            -19289,-19288,-19281,-19275,-19270,-19263,-19261,-19249,-19243,-19242,
            -19238,-19235,-19227,-19224,-19218,-19212,-19038,-19023,-19018,-19006,
            -19003,-18996,-18977,-18961,-18952,-18783,-18774,-18773,-18763,-18756,
            -18741,-18735,-18731,-18722,-18710,-18697,-18696,-18526,-18518,-18501,
            -18490,-18478,-18463,-18448,-18447,-18446,-18239,-18237,-18231,-18220,
            -18211,-18201,-18184,-18183, -18181,-18012,-17997,-17988,-17970,-17964,
            -17961,-17950,-17947,-17931,-17928,-17922,-17759,-17752,-17733,-17730,
            -17721,-17703,-17701,-17697,-17692,-17683,-17676,-17496,-17487,-17482,
            -17468,-17454,-17433,-17427,-17417,-17202,-17185,-16983,-16970,-16942,
            -16915,-16733,-16708,-16706,-16689,-16664,-16657,-16647,-16474,-16470,
            -16465,-16459,-16452,-16448,-16433,-16429,-16427,-16423,-16419,-16412,
            -16407,-16403,-16401,-16393,-16220,-16216,-16212,-16205,-16202,-16187,
            -16180,-16171,-16169,-16158,-16155,-15959,-15958,-15944,-15933,-15920,
            -15915,-15903,-15889,-15878,-15707,-15701,-15681,-15667,-15661,-15659,
            -15652,-15640,-15631,-15625,-15454,-15448,-15436,-15435,-15419,-15416,
            -15408,-15394,-15385,-15377,-15375,-15369,-15363,-15362,-15183,-15180,
            -15165,-15158,-15153,-15150,-15149,-15144,-15143,-15141,-15140,-15139,
            -15128,-15121,-15119,-15117,-15110,-15109,-14941,-14937,-14933,-14930,
            -14929,-14928,-14926,-14922,-14921,-14914,-14908,-14902,-14894,-14889,
            -14882,-14873,-14871,-14857,-14678,-14674,-14670,-14668,-14663,-14654,
            -14645,-14630,-14594,-14429,-14407,-14399,-14384,-14379,-14368,-14355,
            -14353,-14345,-14170,-14159,-14151,-14149,-14145,-14140,-14137,-14135,
            -14125,-14123,-14122,-14112,-14109,-14099,-14097,-14094,-14092,-14090,
            -14087,-14083,-13917,-13914,-13910,-13907,-13906,-13905,-13896,-13894,
            -13878,-13870,-13859,-13847,-13831,-13658,-13611,-13601,-13406,-13404,
            -13400,-13398,-13395,-13391,-13387,-13383,-13367,-13359,-13356,-13343,
            -13340,-13329,-13326,-13318,-13147,-13138,-13120,-13107,-13096,-13095,
            -13091,-13076,-13068,-13063,-13060,-12888,-12875,-12871,-12860,-12858,
            -12852,-12849,-12838,-12831,-12829,-12812,-12802,-12607,-12597,-12594,
            -12585,-12556,-12359,-12346,-12320,-12300,-12120,-12099,-12089,-12074,
            -12067,-12058,-12039,-11867,-11861,-11847,-11831,-11798,-11781,-11604,
            -11589,-11536,-11358,-11340,-11339,-11324,-11303,-11097,-11077,-11067,
            -11055,-11052,-11045,-11041,-11038,-11024,-11020,-11019,-11018,-11014,
            -10838,-10832,-10815,-10800,-10790,-10780,-10764,-10587,-10544,-10533,
            -10519,-10331,-10329,-10328,-10322,-10315,-10309,-10307,-10296,-10281,
            -10274,-10270,-10262,-10260,-10256,-10254
        };

        private static string[] pinyinName = new string[] {
            "A","Ai","An","Ang","Ao",
            "Ba","Bai","Ban","Bang","Bao","Bei","Ben","Beng","Bi",
            "Bian","Biao","Bie","Bin","Bing","Bo","Bu","Ba",
            "Cai","Can","Cang","Cao","Ce","Ceng","Cha","Chai","Chan",
            "Chang","Chao","Che","Chen","Cheng","Chi","Chong","Chou",
            "Chu","Chuai","Chuan","Chuang","Chui","Chun","Chuo","Ci",
            "Cong","Cou","Cu","Cuan","Cui","Cun","Cuo",
            "Da","Dai","Dan","Dang","Dao","De","Deng","Di","Dian","Diao",
            "Die","Ding","Diu","Dong","Dou","Du","Duan","Dui","Dun","Duo",
            "E","En","Er",
            "Fa","Fan","Fang","Fei","Fen","Feng","Fo","Fou","Fu",
            "Ga","Gai","Gan","Gang","Gao","Ge","Gei","Gen","Geng","Gong",
            "Gou","Gu","Gua","Guai","Guan","Guang","Gui","Gun","Guo",
            "Ha","Hai","Han","Hang","Hao","He","Hei","Hen","Heng","Hong",
            "Hou","Hu","Hua","Huai","Huan","Huang","Hui","Hun","Huo",
            "Ji","Jia","Jian","Jiang","Jiao","Jie","Jin","Jing",
            "Jiong","Jiu","Ju","Juan","Jue","Jun",
            "Ka","Kai","Kan","Kang","Kao","Ke","Ken","Keng","Kong","Kou",
            "Ku","Kua","Kuai","Kuan","Kuang","Kui","Kun","Kuo",
            "La","Lai","Lan","Lang","Lao","Le","Lei","Leng","Li","Lia","Lian","Liang","Liao",
            "Lie","Lin","Ling","Liu","Long","Lou","Lu","Lv","Luan","Lue","Lun","Luo",
            "Ma","Mai","Man","Mang","Mao","Me","Mei","Men","Meng","Mi","Mian",
            "Miao","Mie","Min","Ming","Miu","Mo","Mou","Mu",
            "Na","Nai","Nan","Nang","Nao","Ne","Nei","Nen","Neng","Ni","Nian","Niang",
            "Niao","Nie","Nin","Ning","Niu","Nong","Nu","Nv","Nuan","Nue","Nuo",
            "O","Ou","Pa",
            "Pai","Pan","Pang","Pao","Pei","Pen","Peng","Pi","Pian",
            "Piao","Pie","Pin","Ping","Po","Pu",
            "Qi","Qia","Qian","Qiang","Qiao","Qie","Qin","Qing",
            "Qiong","Qiu","Qu","Quan","Que","Qun",
            "Ran","Rang","Rao","Re","Ren","Reng","Ri",
            "Rong","Rou","Ru","Ruan","Rui","Run","Ruo",
            "Sa","Sai","San","Sang","Sao","Se","Sen","Seng","Sha","Shai","Shan","Shang",
            "Shao","She","Shen","Sheng","Shi","Shou","Shu","Shua","Shuai","Shuan","Shuang",
            "Shui","Shun","Shuo","Si","Song","Sou","Su","Suan","Sui","Sun","Suo",
            "Ta","Tai","Tan","Tang","Tao","Te","Teng","Ti","Tian",
            "Tiao","Tie","Ting","Tong","Tou","Tu","Tuan","Tui","Tun","Tuo",
            "Wa","Wai","Wan","Wang","Wei","Wen","Weng","Wo","Wu",
            "Xi","Xia","Xian","Xiang","Xiao","Xie","Xin",
            "Xing","Xiong","Xiu","Xu","Xuan","Xue","Xun",
            "Ya","Yan","Yang","Yao","Ye","Yi","Yin","Ying","Yo","Yong","You","Yu","Yuan","Yue","Yun",
            "Za", "Zai","Zan","Zang","Zao","Ze","Zei","Zen","Zeng","Zha","Zhai","Zhan","Zhang",
            "Zhao","Zhe","Zhen","Zheng","Zhi","Zhong","Zhou","Zhu","Zhua","Zhuai","Zhuan",
            "Zhuang","Zhui","Zhun","Zhuo","Zi","Zong","Zou","Zu","Zuan","Zui","Zun","Zuo"
        };
        #endregion 拼音编码

        /// 

        /// 转换函数
        /// 
        ///  中文字符串 
        /// 转换后的拼音的List
        public static List<string> Convert(string chnString) {
            // 匹配中文字符
            Regex regex = new Regex("^[\u4e00-\u9fa5]$");
            List<string> list = new List<string>();
            char[] chnChar = chnString.ToCharArray();

            for (int i = 0; i < chnChar.Length; ++i) {
                if (regex.IsMatch(chnChar[i].ToString())) {   // 中文字符
                    byte[] arr = System.Text.Encoding.Default.GetBytes(chnChar[i].ToString());
                    int asc = arr[0] * 256 + arr[1] - 65536;
                    if (asc > 0 && asc < 160) {
                        list.Add(chnChar[i].ToString());
                    }
                    else {
                        switch (asc) { // 修正部分文字
                            case -9254:
                            list.Add("Zhen");
                            break;
                            case -8985:
                            list.Add("Qian");
                            break;
                            case -8274:
                            list.Add("Ge");
                            break;
                            case -5659:
                            list.Add("Tian");
                            break;
                            case -5463:
                            list.Add("Jia");
                            break;
                            case -5448:
                            list.Add("Ga");
                            break;
                            case -5447:
                            list.Add("La");
                            break;
                            case -5436:
                            list.Add("Mao");
                            break;
                            case -5213:
                            list.Add("Mao");
                            break;
                            case -4649:
                            list.Add("Chen");
                            break;
                            case -3597:
                            list.Add("Die");
                            break;
                            default:
                            for (int j = (pinyinValue.Length - 1); j >= 0; --j) {
                                if (pinyinValue[j] <= asc) {
                                    list.Add(pinyinName[j]);
                                    break;
                                }
                            }
                            break;
                        }
                    }
                }
                // 非中文字符
                else {
                    list.Add(chnChar[i].ToString());
                }
            }
            return list;
        }

        /// 

        /// 获取拼音首字母字符串
        /// 
        ///  中文字符串 
        ///  转换后的拼音首字母的字符串 
        public static string GetFirstPinyinLetters(string chnString) {
            List<string> list = Convert(chnString);
            string pinyinString = "";

            for (int i = 0; i < list.Count; ++i) {
                pinyinString += list[i].Substring(0, 1);
                pinyinString += " ";
            }
            return pinyinString;
        }

        /// 

        /// 获取拼音全拼字符串
        /// 
        ///  中文字符串 
        ///  转换后的拼音全拼的字符串 
        public static string GetFullPinyinLetters(string chnString) {
            List<string> list = Convert(chnString);
            string pinyinString = "";

            for (int i = 0; i < list.Count; ++i) {
                pinyinString += list[i];
                pinyinString += " ";
            }
            return pinyinString;
        }
    }
}

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如有错误，欢迎指出。

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