makefile学习之函数

GNU make支持内置函数以及用户自定义函数,下面结合例子简单介绍一下。

gnu make版本: 4.1

一、用户自定义函数

格式: $(call macro-name{, param1 ···})

解析: macro-name可以是任意宏或变量,macro-name之后是宏的参数,并以逗号为分隔符。

例子: 

1 define test-call
2     echo "call has two parameters: $1, $2"
3 endef
4 
5 .PTHONY: simple-test
6 simple-test:
7     @$(call test-call,one,two)

运行结果:

  make simple-test

  call has two parameters: one, two

二、内置函数

字符串函数

1、filter

格式: $(filter pattern ···text)

解析: filter函数会将text视为一系列被空格隔开的单词,与pattern比较之后接着会返回相符者。

例子:

words :=  GNU is not unix and linux is not unix

.PTHONY: simple-test
simple-test:
    @echo words: $(words) 
    @echo unix matches: $(filter unix, $(words))

运行结果:

  make simple-test

  words: GNU is not unix and linux is not unix
  unix matches: unix unix

2、filter-out

格式: $(filter-out patern...,text)

解析:这个函数功能与filter刚好相反

例子:

words :=  GNU is not unix and linux is not unix

.PTHONY: simple-test
simple-test:
    @echo words: $(words) 
    @echo unix matches: $(filter-out unix, $(words))

运行结果:

  make simple-test

  words: GNU is not unix and linux is not unix

  unix matches: GNU is not and linux is not

3、findstring

格式: $(findstring string...,text)

解析: 此函数将会在text里面搜索string。如果该字符被找到了,此函数就会返回string,否则,它会返回空值。

例子:

words :=  GNU is not unix and linux is not unix

.PTHONY: simple-test
simple-test:
    @echo words: $(words) 
    @echo unix matches: $(findstring unix, $(words))

运行结果:

  make simple-test
  words: GNU is not unix and linux is not unix
  unix matches: unix

4、subst

格式: $(subst search-string,replace-string, text)

解析:这是一个不具通配符能力的”搜索和替换“函数。它最常被用来在文件名列表将一个扩展名替换成另一个扩展名

例子:

sourcelist :=  GNU.c is.c not.c unix.c and.c linux.c is.c not.c unix.c

.PTHONY: simple-test
simple-test:
    @echo sourcelist: $(sourcelist) 
    @echo unix matches: $(subst .c,.o,$(sourcelist))

运行结果:

  make simple-test
  sourcelist: GNU.c is.c not.c unix.c and.c linux.c is.c not.c unix.c
  unix matches: GNU.o is.o not.o unix.o and.o linux.o is.o not.o unix.o

这可以将在soucelist里面所有出现.c字样的地方都替换成.o。

5、pathsubst

格式: $(pathsubst search-pattern,replace-pattern,text)

解析: 这是一个具有通配符能力的”搜索和替换“函数。

例子:

sourcelist :=  GNU.c is.c not.c unix.c and.c linux.c is.c not.c unix.c

.PTHONY: simple-test
simple-test:
    @echo sourcelist: $(sourcelist) 
    @echo unix matches: $(patsubst %nix.c, UNIX,$(sourcelist))

运行结果:

  make simple-test
  sourcelist: GNU.c is.c not.c unix.c and.c linux.c is.c not.c unix.c
  unix matches: GNU.c is.c not.c UNIX and.c linux.c is.c not.c UNIX

6、words

格式: $(words text)

解析:此函数会返回text中单词的数量

例子:

sourcelist :=  GNU.c is.c not.c unix.c and.c linux.c is.c not.c unix.c

.PTHONY: simple-test
simple-test:
    @echo sourcelist: $(sourcelist) 
    @echo unix matches: $(words $(sourcelist))

运行结果:

  make simple-test
  sourcelist: GNU.c is.c not.c unix.c and.c linux.c is.c not.c unix.c
  unix matches: 9

7、words后面带n

格式:$(words n,text)

解析: 此函数会返回text中的第n个单词,第一个单词的编号为1。如果n的值大于text中单词的个数,则此函数将会返回空值。

例子:

sourcelist :=  GNU.c is.c not.c unix.c and.c linux.c is.c not.c unix.c

.PTHONY: simple-test
simple-test:
    @echo sourcelist: $(sourcelist) 
    @echo unix matches: $(words 3,$(sourcelist))

测试结果:

  make simple-test
  sourcelist: GNU.c is.c not.c unix.c and.c linux.c is.c not.c unix.c
  unix matches: 9

没有返回预想的值,好奇怪。

8、firstword

格式: $(firstword text)

解析: 此函数会返回text中的第一个单词。

例子:

sourcelist :=  GNU.c is.c not.c unix.c and.c linux.c is.c not.c unix.c

.PTHONY: simple-test
simple-test:
    @echo sourcelist: $(sourcelist) 
    @echo unix matches: $(firstword $(sourcelist))

运行结果:

  make simple-test
  sourcelist: GNU.c is.c not.c unix.c and.c linux.c is.c not.c unix.c
  unix matches: GNU.c

9、wordlist

格式: $(wordlist start,end,text)

解析: 此函数会返回text中范围从start(含)到end(含)的单词。

例子: 

sourcelist :=  GNU.c is.c not.c unix.c and.c linux.c is.c not.c unix.c

.PTHONY: simple-test
simple-test:
    @echo sourcelist: $(sourcelist) 
    @echo unix matches: $(wordlist 1,3,$(sourcelist))

运行结果:

  make simple-test
  sourcelist: GNU.c is.c not.c unix.c and.c linux.c is.c not.c unix.c
  unix matches: GNU.c is.c not.c

时间关系,先介绍到这。

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